Szörényvár
Cetatea Severinului
Szörényvár
Szörényvár, Drobeta-Turnu Severin
MSClaudiu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Állapot:
Romos
Belépés:
Ingyenes
Cím:
Bulevardul Dunărea
Település:
Szörényvár, Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Vármegye:
Krassó-Szörény
Ország:
Románia
Megye:
Méhed, Mehádia
Tájegység:
Duna völgye
GPS koordináták:
44.622684, 22.656352
Google térkép:
Története
895
Honfoglalás
Több..
895
A honfoglalás során a magyar törzsek szövetsége birtokba vette az akkor túlnyomó részt lakatlan Kárpát-medencét. A honfoglalásig a Kárpátok északnyugati részének gyér szláv lakossága morva uralom alatt élt egy pár évtizede az Avar Birodalom 9. század eleji összeomlása óta.
1000
Államalapítás
Több..
1000
I. István királlyá koronázásával létrejött a Magyar Királyság. Államvallássá tette a kereszténységet, megszervezte az egyházat, ennek keretében 2 érsekséget (Esztergom, Kalocsa) és 10 egyházmegyét hozott létre. Magyarországot megyékre osztotta, amik élén az ispán állt.
1227
A kun törzsek meghódolása miatt Béla királyfi (a későbbi IV. Béla) létrehozta a terület ellenőrzésére hivatott szörényi bánságot. Hadi szerepe a vidékre szintén igényt tartó Bolgár Cárság támadásai miatt értékelődött fel.
1233
Lukács szörényi bán említése, akinek hatalma Havasalföldnek az Olt folyóig terjedő területére terjedhetett ki, amelynek alávetett lakosságát a vlach nép alkotta. A kun és vlach népek között domonkos rendi szerzetesek kezdték meg a katolikus hitre való térítést.
1241-42
Tatárjárás
Több..
1241-42
A Mongol Birodalom hordái elözönlötték Magyarországot, és csaknem teljesen elpusztították. A lakosság fele-harmada elpusztult. A muhi csatában a mongolok is jelentős veszteségeket szenvedtek. Kivonulásuk után IV. Béla újjászervezte Magyarországot. Engedélyezte a kővárak építését a földesuraknak, mert azok sikeresen ellen tudtak állni a mongoloknak. A várak túlnyomó többsége ezután épült meg. Az elpusztult lakosság helyébe német, román és szláv telepesek érkeztek.
1241 – 42
A tatárjárás elsöpörte a terület feletti magyar uralmat.
1242. után
IV. Béla megkezdte a Dunától az Oltig terjedő terület betelepítését és térítését (Kis-Oláhország v. Ungrovlachia) a szörényi bán felügyelete alatt Litvaj hátszegi román vajdára és a tőle függő kenézekre bízva a vidék igazgatását. IV. Béla megalapította a Szörényi Püspökséget is.
1246
Megemlítették az első szörényi püspököt, Gergelyt.
1247.06.02.
IV. Béla a johannita lovagrendnek adományozta hűbérbe a területet. Kötelesek voltak mindenféle pogányok és bolgárok ellen fegyvert fogni, más eretnekek ellen 100 lovast adjanak, ha azok Magyarország határait átlépnék.
1258-60
A lovagrend a bolgárok betörései miatt elhagyta a Szörényi bánságot. A szörényi bánok névsora csak töredékesen ismert.
1264-65
IV. Béla és fia István belháborúja idején Szventszláv Jakab, Északnyugat-Bulgária ura VIII. Palaiologosz Mihály bizánci császárral és Konstantin Tich bolgár cárral szövetkezve végigpusztította a Szörényi bánságot. Az új bán, Lőrinc mester kiűzte a bolgárokat. Ezután a magyar királyok innen indították a bolgárok elleni hadjáratokat.
1272
Litvaj román vajda el akarta szakítani a területet a magyar koronától, de vereséget szenvedett.
1279
Litvaj, miután felmondta a magyar királynak tett hűbéresküt, a IV. László által indított megtorló hadjáratban csatát és életét vesztette.
1291-ig
Magyar bánok kormányozták, de hatalmuk egyre csökkent, fokozatosan a havasalföldi román vajdák vették át az irányítást, míg a magyar uralom központja a Kárpátok nyugati oldalán emelkedő Miháld várába került át.
1301
Az Árpád-ház kihalása
Több..
1301
Kihalt az Árpád-ház III. András király halálával. Magyarországot oligarchák uralták, leghatalmasabb köztük Csák Máté volt, akiknek legfőbb szövetségesei az Abák voltak. A trónkövetelők közül a pápa által is támogatott Károly Róbert (1308-1342) emelkedett ki, akinek évtizedekig tartott az oligarchák hatalmának megtörése.
1324
A magyar területeket fosztogató I. Basarab havasalföldi vajda megszállta Szörény várát. Szövetséget kötött Iván Sándor bolgár cárral a magyar függőség felszámolására. Károly Róbert személyesen kelt hadra, megverte a vajda seregét, és kikényszerítette hűségesküjét.
1330
I. Basarab havasalföldi vajda ismét megszállta Szörény várát. Károly Róbert szeptemberben visszafoglalta, és Széchy Dénest tette meg szörényi bánnak. Basarab színleg meghódolt és megígérte éves adó fizetését. Károly Róbert azonban nem hitt neki, és tovább folytatta a hadjáratot. Elfoglalta a vajda székhelyét, Argyasudvarhelyet, de a tél közeledte és a fogyó élelmiszer miatt haza kellett indulnia. Basarabbal fegyverszünetet kötött, aki engedelmességet esküdött, és megígérte, hogy békével hagyja távozni a király seregeit, illetve segít nekik megtalálni a hegyeken keresztül a haza vezető utat. Azonban Basarab emberei szűk szorosba csalták a magyar sereget, ahol az utakat eltorlaszolták, és a meredek sziklák tetejéről kövekkel és mérgezett nyilakkal támadtak orvul a magyarokra. Négy napig folyt a csata november 9-től 12-ig. Károly Róbertet csak vitézei önfeláldozása mentette meg, Héderváry Lőrinc magára öltötte a király címeres sisakját, Csór Tamás pedig átengedte lovát a menekülő királynak. A csata minden bizonnyal a Vöröstoronyi szorosban zajlott. Az ütközetet a románok posadai csatának hívnak (posada szlávból vett román szó szorost jelent). Ez volt Károly Róbert egyetlen komolyabb veresége. Ezután Széchy Dénes maradt a szörényi bán, aminek a hatalma Görgény, Miháld és Orsova váraira terjedt ki.
1368. október
Nagy Lajos király visszafoglalta Szörény várát Lajk havasalföldi vajdától. Himfi Benedek bodonyi bán megvédte Bodonyt (Viddin) Lajk szövetségese, Sisman János tirnovói bolgár cár támadásától.
1369. nyara
A meghódolt Lajk havasalföldi vajda megkapta hűbérbe a Szörényi bánságot. Egyidejűleg Stracimir János, (Sisman János fivére) hűbérként visszakapta Bodonyt, ezzel megszüntette a bodonyi bánságot.
14. század vége - 15. század eleje
Zsigmond hűbéresei, Mircse (1386-1418) és I. Vlad (1394-1397) havasalföldi vajdák szörényi grófoknak mondták magukat.
1419. október-november
Luxemburgi Zsigmond király al-dunai hadjárata során benyomulva Bulgáriába, legyőzött egy török sereget majd visszacsatolta Szörény várát a magyar királysághoz. A következő évtizedekben fontos királyi végvár, az 1427-ben újjáalakított Szörényi bánság kormányzása alatt.
1419 után
Zsigmond az Al-Duna mentén új várakat építtetett (Drankó, Librasd, Pét, Szinice, Sztanicló, Pozsezsin, Szentlászlóvár.
1429
A Szörényi Bánságot Zsigmond a Német Lovagrendnek adta hűbérbe. A szörényi bán Redwitz Miklós lett, a lovagrend magyarországi nagymestere. Az új végvárakon kívül ekkor a bánsághoz tartozott még Görgény, Miháld, Orsova, Sebes, Halmás vára, de a lovagok megkapták még a Krassó vármegyei Illyéd, Krassófő és Borzafő várakat is. Feladatuk a déli végek védelmezése volt a töröktől. Zsigmond a költségek fedezésére jelentős magyarországi jövedelmeket bocsátott rendelkezésükre (pl. 4 déli sókamara jövedelmét évi 100.000 forint értékben, Brassó és Nagyszeben pénzverdéinek jövedelmét, az erdélyi ökör- és juhötvenedet, a kalocsai érsekség bortizedét, a dunai halászat bevételeit, a jász-kun területek, a szegedi és szolnoki gabona szállítási és értékesítési jogát), ami kiváltotta a magyar nemesség ellenérzését.
1431
Zsigmond Nürnbergben felvette II. Vlad havasalföldi fejedelmet az általa alapított Sárkány Lovagrendbe. A fejedelem innen kapta Drakul nevét.
1432
Az árulóvá vált II. Vlad Dracul (Vlad Tepes apja) havasalföldi vajda szövetkezett a törökökkel, megostromolták Szörény várát és lemészárolták a keresztény lovagokat. A bánság területének jelentős részét elfoglalták. A lovagrend ezután fokozatosan elhagyta a Szörényi bánság területét, de Redwitz Miklós még 1435-ig viselte a szörényi bán címét.
1436-1439
Thallóczy Frank volt a szörényi bán.
1439. május 9.
Albert király Hunyadi Jánost és testvérét bízta meg a négy legfontosabb végvár (Szörény, Orsova, Görgény és Miháld) védelmével. Megkapták a terület honorbirtokát is, vagyis szolgálati idejük időtartalma alatt ők szedhették be a lakosságra rótt földesúri adókat és szolgáltatásokat. Miután testvéröccse elhunyt, az idősebb Hunyadi János egyedül viselte a szörényi bán hivatalát.
1456
Nándorfehérvári diadal
Több..
1456
Hunyadi János vezetésévek a magyar sereg döntő győzelmet aratott a Konstantinápolyt is elfoglaló II. Mehmed szultán Nándorfehérvárt ostromló, két-háromszoros túlerőben lévő seregén. Hunyadi János a diadal után pestisben hunyt el.
1458-1490
Mátyás uralma idején Szörény vára az al-dunai végvárrendszer részeként katonai védelmi feladatát jól teljesítette.
1492. nyara
A törökök megostromolták Szörény várát, amit Csulai Móré Fülöp bán védett. Kinizsi Pál fölmentő seregével kivívták a győzelmet.
16. század eleje
A Jagellók alatt az elégtelen fegyveres erővel és hadianyaggal rendelkező végvárakat sorra vette be a török.
1524
A törökök Szörényt májusban és júniusban még sikertelenül ostromolták, de novemberben elfoglalták Kállay Vitéz János szörényi bántól. A Szörényi bánság ezzel örökre megszűnt. A terület a töröktől függő havasalföldi vajdák irányítása alá került. A későbbiekben már az Oszmán Birodalom belső vidékének számító terület hadi jelentősége lecsökkent, a várral egyre kevesebbet törődtek, romba dőltek falai.
1526
Mohácsi csata és az ország két részre szakadása
Több..
1526
A franciák felbujtására I Szulejmán szultán hadat indított Bécs ellen. Az osztrák herceg, I. Ferdinánd, II. Lajos magyar király sógora volt. Az Oszmán Birodalom serege Mohácsnál vereséget mért a magyar seregre, II. Lajos király is életét vesztette. A bárók egy része a Habsburg V. Károly császár öccsét, Ferdinándot, a köznemesség viszont a leghatalmasabb magyar bárót, Szapolyai Jánost (I. János) választotta királlyá. Az ország kettészakadt, és évtizedekig tartó harc kezdődött a hatalomért.
Forrás: varak.hu , Wikipedia, Magyar Katolikus Lexikon: Szörényi bánság , Pósán László: Zsigmond és a Német Lovagrend , arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
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© OpenStreetMap contributors
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B\u00e9la) l\u00e9trehozta a ter\u00fclet ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re hivatott sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1got. Hadi szerepe a vid\u00e9kre szint\u00e9n ig\u00e9nyt tart\u00f3 Bolg\u00e1r C\u00e1rs\u00e1g t\u00e1mad\u00e1sai miatt \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u0151d\u00f6tt fel.@1233|Luk\u00e1cs sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1n eml\u00edt\u00e9se, akinek hatalma Havasalf\u00f6ldnek az Olt foly\u00f3ig terjed\u0151 ter\u00fclet\u00e9re terjedhetett ki, amelynek al\u00e1vetett lakoss\u00e1g\u00e1t a vlach n\u00e9p alkotta. A kun \u00e9s vlach n\u00e9pek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt domonkos rendi szerzetesek kezdt\u00e9k meg a katolikus hitre val\u00f3 t\u00e9r\u00edt\u00e9st.@#5|@1241 \u2013 42|A tat\u00e1rj\u00e1r\u00e1s els\u00f6p\u00f6rte a ter\u00fclet feletti magyar uralmat.@1242. ut\u00e1n|IV. B\u00e9la megkezdte a Dun\u00e1t\u00f3l az Oltig terjed\u0151 ter\u00fclet betelep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s t\u00e9r\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t (Kis-Ol\u00e1horsz\u00e1g v. Ungrovlachia) a sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1n fel\u00fcgyelete alatt Litvaj h\u00e1tszegi rom\u00e1n vajd\u00e1ra \u00e9s a t\u0151le f\u00fcgg\u0151 ken\u00e9zekre b\u00edzva a vid\u00e9k igazgat\u00e1s\u00e1t. IV. B\u00e9la megalap\u00edtotta a Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi P\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9get is.@1246|Megeml\u00edtett\u00e9k az els\u0151 sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi p\u00fcsp\u00f6k\u00f6t, Gergelyt.@1247.06.02.|IV. B\u00e9la a johannita lovagrendnek adom\u00e1nyozta h\u0171b\u00e9rbe a ter\u00fcletet. K\u00f6telesek voltak mindenf\u00e9le pog\u00e1nyok \u00e9s bolg\u00e1rok ellen fegyvert fogni, m\u00e1s eretnekek ellen 100 lovast adjanak, ha azok Magyarorsz\u00e1g hat\u00e1rait \u00e1tl\u00e9pn\u00e9k.@1258-60|A lovagrend a bolg\u00e1rok bet\u00f6r\u00e9sei miatt elhagyta a Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1got. A sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1nok n\u00e9vsora csak t\u00f6red\u00e9kesen ismert.@1264-65|IV. B\u00e9la \u00e9s fia Istv\u00e1n belh\u00e1bor\u00faja idej\u00e9n Szventszl\u00e1v Jakab, \u00c9szaknyugat-Bulg\u00e1ria ura VIII. Palaiologosz Mih\u00e1ly biz\u00e1nci cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rral \u00e9s Konstantin Tich bolg\u00e1r c\u00e1rral sz\u00f6vetkezve v\u00e9gigpuszt\u00edtotta a Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1got. Az \u00faj b\u00e1n, L\u0151rinc mester ki\u0171zte a bolg\u00e1rokat. Ezut\u00e1n a magyar kir\u00e1lyok innen ind\u00edtott\u00e1k a bolg\u00e1rok elleni hadj\u00e1ratokat.@1272|Litvaj rom\u00e1n vajda el akarta szak\u00edtani a ter\u00fcletet a magyar koron\u00e1t\u00f3l, de veres\u00e9get szenvedett.@1279|Litvaj, miut\u00e1n felmondta a magyar kir\u00e1lynak tett h\u0171b\u00e9resk\u00fct, a IV. L\u00e1szl\u00f3 \u00e1ltal ind\u00edtott megtorl\u00f3 hadj\u00e1ratban csat\u00e1t \u00e9s \u00e9let\u00e9t vesztette.@1291-ig|Magyar b\u00e1nok korm\u00e1nyozt\u00e1k, de hatalmuk egyre cs\u00f6kkent, fokozatosan a havasalf\u00f6ldi rom\u00e1n vajd\u00e1k vett\u00e9k \u00e1t az ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1st, m\u00edg a magyar uralom k\u00f6zpontja a K\u00e1rp\u00e1tok nyugati oldal\u00e1n emelked\u0151 Mih\u00e1ld v\u00e1r\u00e1ba ker\u00fclt \u00e1t.@#6|@1324|A magyar ter\u00fcleteket fosztogat\u00f3 I. Basarab havasalf\u00f6ldi vajda megsz\u00e1llta Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny v\u00e1r\u00e1t. Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9get k\u00f6t\u00f6tt Iv\u00e1n S\u00e1ndor bolg\u00e1r c\u00e1rral a magyar f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9g felsz\u00e1mol\u00e1s\u00e1ra. K\u00e1roly R\u00f3bert szem\u00e9lyesen kelt hadra, megverte a vajda sereg\u00e9t, \u00e9s kik\u00e9nyszer\u00edtette h\u0171s\u00e9gesk\u00fcj\u00e9t.@1330|I. Basarab havasalf\u00f6ldi vajda ism\u00e9t megsz\u00e1llta Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny v\u00e1r\u00e1t. K\u00e1roly R\u00f3bert szeptemberben visszafoglalta, \u00e9s Sz\u00e9chy D\u00e9nest tette meg sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1nnak. Basarab sz\u00ednleg megh\u00f3dolt \u00e9s meg\u00edg\u00e9rte \u00e9ves ad\u00f3 fizet\u00e9s\u00e9t. K\u00e1roly R\u00f3bert azonban nem hitt neki, \u00e9s tov\u00e1bb folytatta a hadj\u00e1ratot. Elfoglalta a vajda sz\u00e9khely\u00e9t, Argyasudvarhelyet, de a t\u00e9l k\u00f6zeledte \u00e9s a fogy\u00f3 \u00e9lelmiszer miatt haza kellett indulnia. Basarabbal fegyversz\u00fcnetet k\u00f6t\u00f6tt, aki engedelmess\u00e9get esk\u00fcd\u00f6tt, \u00e9s meg\u00edg\u00e9rte, hogy b\u00e9k\u00e9vel hagyja t\u00e1vozni a kir\u00e1ly seregeit, illetve seg\u00edt nekik megtal\u00e1lni a hegyeken kereszt\u00fcl a haza vezet\u0151 utat. Azonban Basarab emberei sz\u0171k szorosba csalt\u00e1k a magyar sereget, ahol az utakat eltorlaszolt\u00e1k, \u00e9s a meredek szikl\u00e1k tetej\u00e9r\u0151l k\u00f6vekkel \u00e9s m\u00e9rgezett nyilakkal t\u00e1madtak orvul a magyarokra. N\u00e9gy napig folyt a csata november 9-t\u0151l 12-ig. K\u00e1roly R\u00f3bertet csak vit\u00e9zei \u00f6nfel\u00e1ldoz\u00e1sa mentette meg, H\u00e9derv\u00e1ry L\u0151rinc mag\u00e1ra \u00f6lt\u00f6tte a kir\u00e1ly c\u00edmeres sisakj\u00e1t, Cs\u00f3r Tam\u00e1s pedig \u00e1tengedte lov\u00e1t a menek\u00fcl\u0151 kir\u00e1lynak. A csata minden bizonnyal a V\u00f6r\u00f6storonyi szorosban zajlott. Az \u00fctk\u00f6zetet a rom\u00e1nok posadai csat\u00e1nak h\u00edvnak (posada szl\u00e1vb\u00f3l vett rom\u00e1n sz\u00f3 szorost jelent). Ez volt K\u00e1roly R\u00f3bert egyetlen komolyabb veres\u00e9ge. Ezut\u00e1n Sz\u00e9chy D\u00e9nes maradt a sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1n, aminek a hatalma G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny, Mih\u00e1ld \u00e9s Orsova v\u00e1raira terjedt ki.@1368. okt\u00f3ber|Nagy Lajos kir\u00e1ly visszafoglalta Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny v\u00e1r\u00e1t Lajk havasalf\u00f6ldi vajd\u00e1t\u00f3l. Himfi Benedek bodonyi b\u00e1n megv\u00e9dte Bodonyt (Viddin) Lajk sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gese, Sisman J\u00e1nos tirnov\u00f3i bolg\u00e1r c\u00e1r t\u00e1mad\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l.@1369. nyara|A megh\u00f3dolt Lajk havasalf\u00f6ldi vajda megkapta h\u0171b\u00e9rbe a Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1got. Egyidej\u0171leg Stracimir J\u00e1nos, (Sisman J\u00e1nos fiv\u00e9re) h\u0171b\u00e9rk\u00e9nt visszakapta Bodonyt, ezzel megsz\u00fcntette a bodonyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1got.@14. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9ge - 15. sz\u00e1zad eleje|Zsigmond h\u0171b\u00e9resei, Mircse (1386-1418) \u00e9s I. Vlad (1394-1397) havasalf\u00f6ldi vajd\u00e1k sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi gr\u00f3foknak mondt\u00e1k magukat.@1419. okt\u00f3ber-november|Luxemburgi Zsigmond kir\u00e1ly al-dunai hadj\u00e1rata sor\u00e1n benyomulva Bulg\u00e1ri\u00e1ba, legy\u0151z\u00f6tt egy t\u00f6r\u00f6k sereget majd visszacsatolta Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny v\u00e1r\u00e1t a magyar kir\u00e1lys\u00e1ghoz. A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9vtizedekben fontos kir\u00e1lyi v\u00e9gv\u00e1r, az 1427-ben \u00fajj\u00e1alak\u00edtott Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1g korm\u00e1nyz\u00e1sa alatt.@1419 ut\u00e1n|Zsigmond az Al-Duna ment\u00e9n \u00faj v\u00e1rakat \u00e9p\u00edttetett (Drank\u00f3, Librasd, P\u00e9t, Szinice, Sztanicl\u00f3, Pozsezsin, Szentl\u00e1szl\u00f3v\u00e1r.@1429|A Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi B\u00e1ns\u00e1got Zsigmond a N\u00e9met Lovagrendnek adta h\u0171b\u00e9rbe. A sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1n Redwitz Mikl\u00f3s lett, a lovagrend magyarorsz\u00e1gi nagymestere. Az \u00faj v\u00e9gv\u00e1rakon k\u00edv\u00fcl ekkor a b\u00e1ns\u00e1ghoz tartozott m\u00e9g G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny, Mih\u00e1ld, Orsova, Sebes, Halm\u00e1s v\u00e1ra, de a lovagok megkapt\u00e1k m\u00e9g a Krass\u00f3 v\u00e1rmegyei Illy\u00e9d, Krass\u00f3f\u0151 \u00e9s Borzaf\u0151 v\u00e1rakat is. Feladatuk a d\u00e9li v\u00e9gek v\u00e9delmez\u00e9se volt a t\u00f6r\u00f6kt\u0151l. Zsigmond a k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek fedez\u00e9s\u00e9re jelent\u0151s magyarorsz\u00e1gi j\u00f6vedelmeket bocs\u00e1tott rendelkez\u00e9s\u00fckre (pl. 4 d\u00e9li s\u00f3kamara j\u00f6vedelm\u00e9t \u00e9vi 100.000 forint \u00e9rt\u00e9kben, Brass\u00f3 \u00e9s Nagyszeben p\u00e9nzverd\u00e9inek j\u00f6vedelm\u00e9t, az erd\u00e9lyi \u00f6k\u00f6r- \u00e9s juh\u00f6tvenedet, a kalocsai \u00e9rseks\u00e9g bortized\u00e9t, a dunai hal\u00e1szat bev\u00e9teleit, a j\u00e1sz-kun ter\u00fcletek, a szegedi \u00e9s szolnoki gabona sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9si jog\u00e1t), ami kiv\u00e1ltotta a magyar nemess\u00e9g ellen\u00e9rz\u00e9s\u00e9t.@1431|Zsigmond N\u00fcrnbergben felvette II. Vlad havasalf\u00f6ldi fejedelmet az \u00e1ltala alap\u00edtott S\u00e1rk\u00e1ny Lovagrendbe. A fejedelem innen kapta Drakul nev\u00e9t.@1432|Az \u00e1rul\u00f3v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt II. Vlad Dracul (Vlad Tepes apja) havasalf\u00f6ldi vajda sz\u00f6vetkezett a t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6kkel, megostromolt\u00e1k Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny v\u00e1r\u00e1t \u00e9s lem\u00e9sz\u00e1rolt\u00e1k a kereszt\u00e9ny lovagokat. A b\u00e1ns\u00e1g ter\u00fclet\u00e9nek jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sz\u00e9t elfoglalt\u00e1k. A lovagrend ezut\u00e1n fokozatosan elhagyta a Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1g ter\u00fclet\u00e9t, de Redwitz Mikl\u00f3s m\u00e9g 1435-ig viselte a sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1n c\u00edm\u00e9t.@1436-1439|Thall\u00f3czy Frank volt a sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1n.@1439. m\u00e1jus 9.|Albert kir\u00e1ly Hunyadi J\u00e1nost \u00e9s testv\u00e9r\u00e9t b\u00edzta meg a n\u00e9gy legfontosabb v\u00e9gv\u00e1r (Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, Orsova, G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny \u00e9s Mih\u00e1ld) v\u00e9delm\u00e9vel. Megkapt\u00e1k a ter\u00fclet honorbirtok\u00e1t is, vagyis szolg\u00e1lati idej\u00fck id\u0151tartalma alatt \u0151k szedhett\u00e9k be a lakoss\u00e1gra r\u00f3tt f\u00f6ldes\u00fari ad\u00f3kat \u00e9s szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokat. Miut\u00e1n testv\u00e9r\u00f6ccse elhunyt, az id\u0151sebb Hunyadi J\u00e1nos egyed\u00fcl viselte a sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1n hivatal\u00e1t.@#7|@1458-1490|M\u00e1ty\u00e1s uralma idej\u00e9n Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny v\u00e1ra az al-dunai v\u00e9gv\u00e1rrendszer r\u00e9szek\u00e9nt katonai v\u00e9delmi feladat\u00e1t j\u00f3l teljes\u00edtette.@1492. nyara|A t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k megostromolt\u00e1k Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny v\u00e1r\u00e1t, amit Csulai M\u00f3r\u00e9 F\u00fcl\u00f6p b\u00e1n v\u00e9dett. Kinizsi P\u00e1l f\u00f6lment\u0151 sereg\u00e9vel kiv\u00edvt\u00e1k a gy\u0151zelmet.@16. sz\u00e1zad eleje|A Jagell\u00f3k alatt az el\u00e9gtelen fegyveres er\u0151vel \u00e9s hadianyaggal rendelkez\u0151 v\u00e9gv\u00e1rakat sorra vette be a t\u00f6r\u00f6k.@1524|A t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyt m\u00e1jusban \u00e9s j\u00faniusban m\u00e9g sikertelen\u00fcl ostromolt\u00e1k, de novemberben elfoglalt\u00e1k K\u00e1llay Vit\u00e9z J\u00e1nos sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1nt\u00f3l. A Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1g ezzel \u00f6r\u00f6kre megsz\u0171nt. A ter\u00fclet a t\u00f6r\u00f6kt\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151 havasalf\u00f6ldi vajd\u00e1k ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1sa al\u00e1 ker\u00fclt. A k\u00e9s\u0151bbiekben m\u00e1r az Oszm\u00e1n Birodalom bels\u0151 vid\u00e9k\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3 ter\u00fclet hadi jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge lecs\u00f6kkent, a v\u00e1rral egyre kevesebbet t\u00f6r\u0151dtek, romba d\u0151ltek falai.@#8|&Magyar Katolikus Lexikon: Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi b\u00e1ns\u00e1g|http:\/\/lexikon.katolikus.hu\/S\/Sz%C3%B6r%C3%A9nyi%20b%C3%A1ns%C3%A1g.html\nP\u00f3s\u00e1n L\u00e1szl\u00f3: Zsigmond \u00e9s a N\u00e9met Lovagrend|http:\/\/www.staff.u-szeged.hu\/~capitul\/oktatas\/posan_zs_NL.pdf"},"language":"hu","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"112","settlement_HU":"Szal\u00e1rd","settlement_LO":"S\u0103lard","gps_lat":"47.2378340000","gps_long":"22.0440240000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Utilizator:Grossecali at ro.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetatea Adorjan Salard\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003EUtilizator:Grossecali at ro.wikipedia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Adorj\u00e1n v\u00e1ra","seolink":"adorjan-vara"},{"id":"113","settlement_HU":"V\u00e1ralm\u00e1s","settlement_LO":"Alma\u0219u","gps_lat":"46.9361130000","gps_long":"23.1472870000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022almasu2012, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Le_ch%C3%A2teau_m%C3%A9dieval_de_Almasu_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Le ch\u00e2teau m\u00e9dieval de Almasu - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/02\/Le_ch%C3%A2teau_m%C3%A9dieval_de_Almasu_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Le_ch%C3%A2teau_m%C3%A9dieval_de_Almasu_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Le_ch%C3%A2teau_m%C3%A9dieval_de_Almasu_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003Ealmasu2012\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Alm\u00e1sv\u00e1r; Rezs\u0151v\u00e1r; Dezs\u0151v\u00e1r","seolink":"almasvar"},{"id":"114","settlement_HU":"B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyosf\u00fcrd\u0151, Torja","settlement_LO":"B\u0103ile Balvanyos, Turia","gps_lat":"46.1137020000","gps_long":"25.9654040000","cond":"5","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_(3).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Turia Cetatea Balvanyos (3)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_%283%29.JPG\/512px-Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_%283%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_(3).JPG\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyos v\u00e1ra","seolink":"balvanyos-vara"},{"id":"115","settlement_HU":"Szil\u00e1gysomly\u00f3","settlement_LO":"\u0218imleu Silvaniei","gps_lat":"47.2307430000","gps_long":"22.7991270000","cond":"4","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Ady Negrean, CC BY-SA 4.0 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