exploreCARPATHIA
Attractions along the Carpathians
Subcarpathia / Ukraine

Ungvár Castle

Ужгородський замок
Ungvár Castle
Condition:
Renovated / Good
Entrance:
Entrance fee
Address:
Kapitul'na St, 33
Settlement:
Ungvár, Ужгород (Uzhhorod)
Historical Hungarian county:
Ung
Country:
Ukraine
Province:
Закарпатська область
Geographic region:
Ung Plain
GPS coordinates:
48.621565, 22.306638
Google map:
Google

History

895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
895
According to the legend the Hungarian tribes crossing the Verecke Pass conquered Ungvár from Prince Laborc, whose name the river still bears. As for the Gesta Hungarorum, the chronicle written by the anonymous notary of King Béla III of Hungary, Ungvár was held by Salan, Prince of Bulgaria, until the arrival of the Hungarians, and Grand Prince Álmos passed the leadership to his son Árpád here. His appellation of "hungvári vitéz", something like the valiant soldier of Hungvár, might originate from this event. In fact there wasn't any real settlement here at that time and the Hungarian tribes didn't face any resistance either.
9th - 10th centuries
Ungvár consisted mainly of the castle that was built by the migrating Hungarians. Its purpose was to protect the border of Hungary, and this role of the castle was most important during the centuries of the House of Árpád. The castle hill was an ideal location for controlling the trade and military roads heading north along the Ung Valley. It became the center of the royal county of Ung.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1000
Ungvár was among the royal counties (váripánság) established by King Stephen I of Hungary and 18 villages belonged to it. The county was a military and administrative unit of Hungary consisting of a castle and the surrounding land and was led by the ispán. The system was inspired by the state organization of Charlemagne. The soldiers and the servants of the castle formed the inhabitants of the neighborhood, which was necessary because of the Hungarian campaigns to the territory of Halych during the time of the House of Árpád. The town was named after the river Ung, and 'vár' means castle. The Rusyn name of the town, Uzhhorod, was only created in the early 20th century.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1241
The castle was heavily damaged during the Mongol Invasion.
after 1242
The castle was used for protective purposes after the Mongol Invasion, but it did'nt have great military importance, because it was mentioned as an accesory of Nevicke Castle.
1248
Ungvár was granted the status and privileges of a town by King Béla IV of Hungary. Ungvár became part of Ung County in the new noble county system, which replaced the royal counties due to the declining royal power weakened by the great land donations.
1288
King László IV of Hungary gave Ungvár Castle to the nádor Aba Amadé, the powerful oligarch of northeastern Hungary.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
early 14th century
The settlement, inhabited mainly by Hungarians at that time, resisted Charles Robert of the House of Anjou, the pretender to the Hungarian throne.
September 1311
The oligarch Aba Amádé wanted to take control of the town of Kassa. He arrived in town, where a mass brawl broke out. Aba Amádé was killed and his sons, Jánost and Demetert were imprisoned.
1311
After King Charles I of Hungary ruled in favor of Kassa, Aba's sons rose up against him and made an alliance with the most powerful oligarch Csák Máté. The king defeated the united army of the oligarchs in the Battle of Rozgony near Kassa. Ungvár was acquired by Péter son of Pethene, ispán of Ung County.
before 1317
King Charles I of Hungary gave Ungvár to the Drugeth family. Drugeth Fülöp came from Italy to Hungary as the loyal follower of King Charles. German, Flemish and Italian settlers arrived in the town, which boosted the trade. A new bridge was also constructed over the Ung river.
1317
Drugeth Fülöp started the reconstruction of the castle according to the European standards, but the constructions were still going on after thirty years. The castle was reconstructed multiple times during its history in order to keep up with the defensive requirements.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1570
According to the Treaty of Speyer, Ung, Bereg and Ugocsa counties came under control of the Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg ruled part of Hungary), while Máramaros County became part of Principality of Transylvania (the former kingdom of King John II of Hungary). As part of Ung County, Ungvár belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary.
1598
The castle gained its present-day form in a Renaissance reconstruction. The bastions were built at that time, but most of the defences were demolished during the past centuries. According to the tradition there are secret passages in the thick walls of the castle, where the daughter of one of the Drugeth counts was allegedly walled, because she fell in love with a servant. It is said that the young countess still hunts the halls of the castle.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
1604-1606
Homonnai Drugeth Bálint supported the uprising of Bocskai István. He was one of his commanders, who led the succesfull siege of Érsekújvár.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1606
Prince Bocskai István named Drugeth Bálint as his heir, but he was not elected by the Estates of Transylvania. Upset about this, he swore loyalty to the emperor, who appointed him ispán of Máramaros County. In 1608 he also received the title of Judge Royal. He died in 1609, his death was attributed by his contemporaries to poisoning.
1610
Archbishop Pázmány Péter of Esztergom converted Drugeth György back to the Catholic faith.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
November 22, 1619
The Habsburg supporter Homonnai Drugeth György recruited an army of 10,000 Polish mercenary horsemen and defeated the much smaller Transylvanian army of Rákóczi György in a bloody battle outside Homonna. But the towns of northern Hungary supported Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania, thus he was forced to withdraw to Poland. However he managed to achieve his goal: Prince Bethlen gave up the siege of Vienna, which he encircled with his Czech allies.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
April 24, 1646
The Union was formed in the chapel of Ungvár Castle, according to which 63 orthodox priests in the presence of the Bishop of Eger recognized the sovereignty of the Pope, thus creating the Greek Catholic Church. The castle church was built between 1248 and 1250, and its ruins can be seen in the courtyard of the castle. Several members of the Drugeth family, including Drugeth Bálint and his son István, were buried in its cript.
after 1671
Kuruc Movement
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after 1671
Many noble, burgher and preacher fled to the Principality of Transylvania and the territory under Turkish occupation from the reprisals after the exposure of the anti-Habsburg Wesselényi-conspiracy and from the violent Counter-Reformation. They were joined by dismissed Hungarian soldiers of the Turkish border forts, who were replaced by German mercenaries. They were called the fugitives (bujdosók). They started an armed movement against the Habsburg rule. Because of the Turkish ban, the Principality of Transylvania could not openly support them. From 1677, the French supported their cause with money and Polish mercenaries. They achieved their first serious success when they temporarily occupied the mining towns of northern Hungary (now central Slovakia) under the command of Thököly lmre. He then became the sole leader of the movement. In 1679, the French made peace with Emperor Leopold I and withdrew their support for the fugitives. Between 1678 and 1681 Thököly Imre led successful raids against the Habsburgs and their supporters in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. The insurgents were called kurucs.
1682
Thököly Imre, Prince of Upper Hungary
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1682
Thököly Imre, the leader of the kuruc insurgents, gained the support of the Turks. He launched a campaign against the Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary. With the support of the Turkish army, he occupied the town of Kassa and also the important stronghold of Fülek. He was then recognized by the Turks as King of Hungary, but he chose the title of Prince of Upper Hungary.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
June 10, 1684
Thököly Imre kuruc leader occupied the castle of Csicsva. Afterwards Homonna surrendered peacefully. Thököly beheaded the traitor Drugeth Zsigmond, and the Drugeth family had no male successor.
June 27, 1684
The defenders of Ungvár surrendered to the kuruc insurgents.
May 2-22, 1685
The imperial army gave up the siege of Ungvár after three weeks. The retreating imperials were attacked by Thököly Imre at Nagykároly and they suffered great casulties.
1685
The Turkish captivity of Thököly Imre and the fall of the kuruc movement
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1685
The Pasha of Várad captured Thököly Imre as he was asking for Turkish help and offered him to Emperor Leopold I for peace. But the Imperial emissaries laughed at his face, because, having the upper hand, they no longer cared for Thököly. On the news of his capture, the town of Kassa and the kuruc strongholds surrendered to the Emperor one after the other. The Turks, seeing their fatal mistake, released Thököly the following year and tried to restore his authority, but his power was broken forever and the Hungarian insurgents no longer trusted the Turks. Most of the insurgents joined the imperial army and helped to liberate the rest of Hungary from the Turks.
late 1685
After having received the news of the capture of Thököly Imre by the Turks, the insurgents surrendered the castles one after another to the Emperor. Ungvár was also given up and was taken over by an imperial garrison. By November 5 Munkács was the only castle that still resisted under the command of Zrínyi Ilona, the wife of Thököly Imre.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1688
The Imperial Colonel Bercsényi Miklós took possession of the estate by marrying Homonnai Drugeth Krisztina. It was the golden age of the castle, because Count Bercsényi Miklós maintained a huge library, but he didn't despise the revelry either.
1692
Emperor Leopold I pawned the Castle of Ungvár to Bercsényi Miklós, who had already been appointed eternal ispán of Ung County by that time.
1698-1699
Rákóczi Ferenc II became the leader of the anti-Habsburg conspiracy at the influence of Bercsényi Miklós. Their goal was to end the Habsburg rule over Hungary in alliance with France and Poland, taking advantage of the impending War of the Spanish Succession due to the death of the last Habsburg monarch of Spain.
1701
The anti-Habsburg conspiracy was unveiled and Bercsényi Miklós fled to Poland. His estates were confiscated. Rákóczi Ferenc II was arrested, but he managed to escape from the prison of Wienerneustadt soon, and joined Bercsényi in Poland. Ungvár Castle had been held by an Imperial garrison since 1685.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1703
Rákóczi Ferenc II arrived in Hungary and became the leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising.
August 1703
The Rusyn insurgents of Ung County organized by Ivan Beca attacked Ungvár.
September 17-18, 1703
The insurgents led by Ilosvay Bálint occupied the town of Ungvár, and the defenders retreated to the castle.
March 16, 1704
The defenders of Unvár Castle surrendered to the insurgents. The town remained loyal to Princ Rákóczi Ferenc II until 1711.
1707
Ungvár was the headquarters of Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II for a while during the Hungarian War of Independence.
1711
After the fall of the Hungarian War of Independence, Ungvár was labelled anti-Habsburg and was gradually deprived of its privileges. From 1740 it was managed by the Royal Chamber.
1711-1771
There was an Imperial garrison in the castle.
1769
The seat of Ung County was moved from Nagykapos to Ungvár, and the county hall that can be seen today was built.
1771
The Greek Catholic Bishop of Munkács, Bacsinszky András, asked Empress Maria Theresia in his letter to hand the castle over to the Greek Catholic Eparchy.
1775
Empress Maria Theresia donated the castle to the Greek Catholic Eparchy. The seat of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Munkács was moved to Ungvár.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
March 27, 1848
The Hungarian Revolution arrived in Ungvár.
1848-1849
The population of present-day Subcarpathia, including the Rusyn minority, fought on the side of the Hungarian War of Independence.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1914-1918
World War I
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1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
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November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
January 1919
The Czech army invaded Ungvár.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
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4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
Check out other castles in Subcarpathia (Ukraine) as well!
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As for the Gesta Hungarorum, the chronicle written by the anonymous notary of King B\u00e9la III of Hungary, Ungv\u00e1r was held by Salan, Prince of Bulgaria, until the arrival of the Hungarians, and Grand Prince \u00c1lmos passed the leadership to his son \u00c1rp\u00e1d here. His appellation of \u0022hungv\u00e1ri vit\u00e9z\u0022, something like the valiant soldier of Hungv\u00e1r, might originate from this event. In fact there wasn't any real settlement here at that time and the Hungarian tribes didn't face any resistance either.@9th - 10th centuries|Ungv\u00e1r consisted mainly of the castle that was built by the migrating Hungarians. Its purpose was to protect the border of Hungary, and this role of the castle was most important during the centuries of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d. The castle hill was an ideal location for controlling the trade and military roads heading north along the Ung Valley. It became the center of the royal county of Ung.@#3|@1000|Ungv\u00e1r was among the royal counties (v\u00e1rip\u00e1ns\u00e1g) established by King Stephen I of Hungary and 18 villages belonged to it. The county was a military and administrative unit of Hungary consisting of a castle and the surrounding land and was led by the isp\u00e1n. The system was inspired by the state organization of Charlemagne. The soldiers and the servants of the castle formed the inhabitants of the neighborhood, which was necessary because of the Hungarian campaigns to the territory of Halych during the time of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d. The town was named after the river Ung, and 'v\u00e1r' means castle. The Rusyn name of the town, Uzhhorod, was only created in the early 20th century.@#5|@1241|The castle was heavily damaged during the Mongol Invasion.@after 1242|The castle was used for protective purposes after the Mongol Invasion, but it did'nt have great military importance, because it was mentioned as an accesory of Nevicke Castle.@1248|Ungv\u00e1r was granted the status and privileges of a town by King B\u00e9la IV of Hungary. Ungv\u00e1r became part of Ung County in the new noble county system, which replaced the royal counties due to the declining royal power weakened by the great land donations.@1288|King L\u00e1szl\u00f3 IV of Hungary gave Ungv\u00e1r Castle to the n\u00e1dor Aba Amad\u00e9, the powerful oligarch of northeastern Hungary.@#6|@early 14th century|The settlement, inhabited mainly by Hungarians at that time, resisted Charles Robert of the House of Anjou, the pretender to the Hungarian throne.@September 1311|The oligarch Aba Am\u00e1d\u00e9 wanted to take control of the town of Kassa. He arrived in town, where a mass brawl broke out. Aba Am\u00e1d\u00e9 was killed and his sons, J\u00e1nost and Demetert were imprisoned.@1311|After King Charles I of Hungary ruled in favor of Kassa, Aba's sons rose up against him and made an alliance with the most powerful oligarch Cs\u00e1k M\u00e1t\u00e9. The king defeated the united army of the oligarchs in the Battle of Rozgony near Kassa. Ungv\u00e1r was acquired by P\u00e9ter son of Pethene, isp\u00e1n of Ung County.@before 1317|King Charles I of Hungary gave Ungv\u00e1r to the Drugeth family. Drugeth F\u00fcl\u00f6p came from Italy to Hungary as the loyal follower of King Charles. German, Flemish and Italian settlers arrived in the town, which boosted the trade. A new bridge was also constructed over the Ung river.@1317|Drugeth F\u00fcl\u00f6p started the reconstruction of the castle according to the European standards, but the constructions were still going on after thirty years. The castle was reconstructed multiple times during its history in order to keep up with the defensive requirements.@#8|@#9|@#10|@1570|According to the Treaty of Speyer, Ung, Bereg and Ugocsa counties came under control of the Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg ruled part of Hungary), while M\u00e1ramaros County became part of Principality of Transylvania (the former kingdom of King John II of Hungary). As part of Ung County, Ungv\u00e1r belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary.@1598|The castle gained its present-day form in a Renaissance reconstruction. The bastions were built at that time, but most of the defences were demolished during the past centuries. According to the tradition there are secret passages in the thick walls of the castle, where the daughter of one of the Drugeth counts was allegedly walled, because she fell in love with a servant. It is said that the young countess still hunts the halls of the castle.@#12|@#13|@1604-1606|Homonnai Drugeth B\u00e1lint supported the uprising of Bocskai Istv\u00e1n. He was one of his commanders, who led the succesfull siege of \u00c9rsek\u00fajv\u00e1r.@#14|@1606|Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n named Drugeth B\u00e1lint as his heir, but he was not elected by the Estates of Transylvania. Upset about this, he swore loyalty to the emperor, who appointed him isp\u00e1n of M\u00e1ramaros County. In 1608 he also received the title of Judge Royal. He died in 1609, his death was attributed by his contemporaries to poisoning.@1610|Archbishop P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny P\u00e9ter of Esztergom converted Drugeth Gy\u00f6rgy back to the Catholic faith.@#15|@November 22, 1619|The Habsburg supporter Homonnai Drugeth Gy\u00f6rgy recruited an army of 10,000 Polish mercenary horsemen and defeated the much smaller Transylvanian army of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy in a bloody battle outside Homonna. But the towns of northern Hungary supported Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania, thus he was forced to withdraw to Poland. However he managed to achieve his goal: Prince Bethlen gave up the siege of Vienna, which he encircled with his Czech allies.@#16|@April 24, 1646|The Union was formed in the chapel of Ungv\u00e1r Castle, according to which 63 orthodox priests in the presence of the Bishop of Eger recognized the sovereignty of the Pope, thus creating the Greek Catholic Church. The castle church was built between 1248 and 1250, and its ruins can be seen in the courtyard of the castle. Several members of the Drugeth family, including Drugeth B\u00e1lint and his son Istv\u00e1n, were buried in its cript.@#21|@#22|@#23|@June 10, 1684|Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre kuruc leader occupied the castle of Csicsva. Afterwards Homonna surrendered peacefully. Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly beheaded the traitor Drugeth Zsigmond, and the Drugeth family had no male successor.@June 27, 1684|The defenders of Ungv\u00e1r surrendered to the kuruc insurgents.@May 2-22, 1685|The imperial army gave up the siege of Ungv\u00e1r after three weeks. The retreating imperials were attacked by Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre at Nagyk\u00e1roly and they suffered great casulties.@#24|@late 1685|After having received the news of the capture of Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre by the Turks, the insurgents surrendered the castles one after another to the Emperor. Ungv\u00e1r was also given up and was taken over by an imperial garrison. By November 5 Munk\u00e1cs was the only castle that still resisted under the command of Zr\u00ednyi Ilona, the wife of Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre.@#25|@1688|The Imperial Colonel Bercs\u00e9nyi Mikl\u00f3s took possession of the estate by marrying Homonnai Drugeth Krisztina. It was the golden age of the castle, because Count Bercs\u00e9nyi Mikl\u00f3s maintained a huge library, but he didn't despise the revelry either.@1692|Emperor Leopold I pawned the Castle of Ungv\u00e1r to Bercs\u00e9nyi Mikl\u00f3s, who had already been appointed eternal isp\u00e1n of Ung County by that time.@1698-1699|R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II became the leader of the anti-Habsburg conspiracy at the influence of Bercs\u00e9nyi Mikl\u00f3s. Their goal was to end the Habsburg rule over Hungary in alliance with France and Poland, taking advantage of the impending War of the Spanish Succession due to the death of the last Habsburg monarch of Spain.@1701|The anti-Habsburg conspiracy was unveiled and Bercs\u00e9nyi Mikl\u00f3s fled to Poland. His estates were confiscated. R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II was arrested, but he managed to escape from the prison of Wienerneustadt soon, and joined Bercs\u00e9nyi in Poland. Ungv\u00e1r Castle had been held by an Imperial garrison since 1685.@#27|@1703|R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II arrived in Hungary and became the leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising.@August 1703|The Rusyn insurgents of Ung County organized by Ivan Beca attacked Ungv\u00e1r.@September 17-18, 1703|The insurgents led by Ilosvay B\u00e1lint occupied the town of Ungv\u00e1r, and the defenders retreated to the castle.@March 16, 1704|The defenders of Unv\u00e1r Castle surrendered to the insurgents. The town remained loyal to Princ R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II until 1711.@1707|Ungv\u00e1r was the headquarters of Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II for a while during the Hungarian War of Independence.@1711|After the fall of the Hungarian War of Independence, Ungv\u00e1r was labelled anti-Habsburg and was gradually deprived of its privileges. From 1740 it was managed by the Royal Chamber.@1711-1771|There was an Imperial garrison in the castle.@1769|The seat of Ung County was moved from Nagykapos to Ungv\u00e1r, and the county hall that can be seen today was built.@1771|The Greek Catholic Bishop of Munk\u00e1cs, Bacsinszky Andr\u00e1s, asked Empress Maria Theresia in his letter to hand the castle over to the Greek Catholic Eparchy.@1775|Empress Maria Theresia donated the castle to the Greek Catholic Eparchy. The seat of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Munk\u00e1cs was moved to Ungv\u00e1r.@#28|@March 27, 1848|The Hungarian Revolution arrived in Ungv\u00e1r.@1848-1849|The population of present-day Subcarpathia, including the Rusyn minority, fought on the side of the Hungarian War of Independence.@#30|@#31|@#32|@January 1919|The Czech army invaded Ungv\u00e1r.@#36|&"},"language":"en","region":"ukraine","regionid":3,"offer":[{"id":"101","settlement_HU":"Szuhabaranka","settlement_LO":"\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430","gps_lat":"48.4105640000","gps_long":"23.2875710000","cond":"7","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Stylenotes \/ Public domain\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a (\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/59\/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"","name":"Baranka","seolink":"baranka-castle"},{"id":"102","settlement_HU":"Kir\u00e1lyh\u00e1za","settlement_LO":"\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e (Korolevo)","gps_lat":"48.1586290000","gps_long":"23.1322050000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0436\u0430 \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Castle_in_Korolevo.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Castle in Korolevo\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Castle_in_Korolevo.jpg\/512px-Castle_in_Korolevo.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Castle_in_Korolevo.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003E\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0436\u0430\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Nyal\u00e1b Castle","seolink":"nyalab-castle"},{"id":"103","settlement_HU":"Nagysz\u0151l\u0151s","settlement_LO":"\u0412\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 (Vynohradiv)","gps_lat":"48.1408420000","gps_long":"23.0501510000","cond":"5","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Ujlak at Hungarian Wikipedia \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kankovar2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Kankovar2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ee\/Kankovar2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kankovar2.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EUjlak at Hungarian Wikipedia\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Ugocsa; 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