To alphabetical order
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{"category":0,"language":"en","region":"ukraine","regionid":3,"set":[{"id":"49","name":"Munkács","localname":"Мукачево","seolink":"munkacs-munkachevo","gps_lat":"48.4409980000","gps_long":"22.7210160000","population":"86","picture":"download","picture_ref":"","description":"Munkács is the iconic town of the hopeless struggle for freedom. According to the legend, the castle rising above the river Latorca was built by Álmos, the leader of the Hungarian tribes, and was named after the arduous work required to build it. Theodor Koriatovich, who found refuge in Hungary and received Munkács from King Sigismund, also contributed to its construction. The ancestors of the Rusyns arrived in Subcarpathia at that time, at end of the 14th century. Still, the castle became famous for the Rákóczi family. Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania acquired it for his family. Rákóczi Ferenc I found refuge here, who was maybe the only one taking seriously the urpising against the Habsburgs who betrayed the cause of the liberation of Hungary. His widow, Zrínyi Ilona, remarried to Thököly Imre, who took the leadership of the uprising. After the Turks betrayed and captured Thököly, Munkács became the last Hungarian castle to stand against the Habsburg invasion, under the command of Zrínyi lona. The child Rákóczi Ferenc II, who survived the siege lasting more than two years in the castle with his mother, returned to the town 15 years later leading his own army. The Prince, taking the protection of Hungarian freedom on himself, led the war of independence for 8 years. Munkács was one of its centers, and it was also the last to surrender to the imperial armies on June 24, 1711. The loyal population of Munkács continued to protect the town and the homeland from foreign invaders. In the War of Independence in 1849, the Austrians invading from Galicia and in 1939 the Czech army and the Ukrainian Sich Guard of Voloshin were forced to retreat by their heroism. However, they were finally outnumbered, in both cases by the Russians, who in 1944 found the ultimate sollution to resistance in the deportation of the Hungarians. Since then, Cyrillic letters have dominated the town, but the turul bird on the castle bastion patiently and proudly awaits the resurrection."},{"id":"48","name":"Ungvár","localname":"У́жгород","seolink":"ungvar-uzhhorod","gps_lat":"48.6236420000","gps_long":"22.2989020000","population":"115","picture":"download","picture_ref":"","description":"Subcarpathia is the land, where the Hungarian sea, the Great Plain, washes the foot of the Carpathians. Its largest town, and also its current seat is Ungvár, which got its name from its castle by the river Ung. This is a land blessed with many wonders and a rich past, which, according to legend, witnessed the elderly Álmos handing over to his son Árpád the leadership of the Hungarians who had found their new homeland, and who were also the first inhabitants of the town. Its castle was the ancient fortress of the fearsome Drugeth counts, whose ancestor came from Italy. In its heydey, though, it was owned by the well-educated Count Bercsényi Miklós, who also did not despise the joys of life. Ungvár became a strong bastion of the Hungarian freedom that Rákóczi Ferenc II took on himself, and mostly not by its strong walls, but by Bercsényi himself, who was its most loyal supporter and the most famous general of the war fought for it. It happened in the castle chapel, that the Orthodox priests recognized the sovereignty of the Pope, thus creating the Greek Catholic Church, which the bishop Blessed Romzsa Tódor defended with his life, when he suffered martyrdom by Soviet poison. His relic was placed in the cathedral of Ungvár. Who would have thought that the Hungarian town would be the seat of a Ukrainian province, but the fate of the town took a tragic turn at the beginning of the 20th century. First bureaucrats assigned here from a foreign land, the distant Czechia, then Soviet party functionaries who dragged Hungarians to death camps, finally, the state-organized Ukrainian migration from the east shaped the town to its present form, but its soul could not be taken."},{"id":"50","name":"Beregszász","localname":"Берегове","seolink":"beregszasz-berehove","gps_lat":"48.2060820000","gps_long":"22.6462050000","population":"24","picture":"download","picture_ref":"","description":"The town on the Vérke Brook was, according to the tradition, established by Prince Lambert, the son of King Béla I of Hungary. He also gave the first name of the settlement. King Louis I of Hungary granted it the status of free royal town. His Polish mother, Łokietek Erzsébet, fell in love with the town, and it became one of her favorite places of residence. The area later became a collision zone between the Habsburg-ruled Kingdom of Hungary and the Principality of Transylvania, considered to be the strongest bastion of Hungarian independence. The town changed hands several times, and the palace in the town was also built by Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania. The Hungarian War of Independence led by Rákóczi Ferenc II started in Bereg County in 1703, and with its fall in 1711 Beregszász was labelled rebellious and was deprived of its town status. Its inhabitants also fought heroically during the the War of Independence in 1848-49. Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, Beregszász became the seat of Bereg County. It underwent an industrial development starting from the late 19th century, which was ended by the annexation of the Hungarian town by Czechoslovakia in 1920, when it was again deprived of its town status. Beregszász became the cultural center of the Hungarians living in Subcarpathia. Despite the persecutions and the deportation in 1944, the town did not lose its Hungarian majority, unlike the other Subcarpathian towns. Today, Beregszász is the seat of the Hungarian College in Subcarpathia and the Museum of Bereg and boasts several beautiful monuments."},{"id":"51","name":"Nagyszőlős","localname":"Виноградів","seolink":"nagyszolos-vynohradiv","gps_lat":"48.1404350000","gps_long":"23.0319280000","population":"25","picture":"download","picture_ref":"","description":"The town by the Tisza River was the historical seat of Ugocsa County. The settlement was established on the border of the hunting ground of the Hungarian kings of the House of Árpád. Its first inhabitants were possibly royal viticulturists, and it got its name from the vineyards (szőlős) on the southern slopes of the Black Hill. More than one castle stood on the Black Hill over time. The last one was built by the Perényi family, who acquired Nagyszőlős in 1399. The castle was later called Ugocsa Castle and it protected the Salt Road along the Tisza River. The Perényi family, as the largest landowners of the region, played a decisive role in the history of the settlement. Ugocsa Castle fell victim to the internal war, that broke out in Hungary due to the election of two kings after the Battle of Mohács. According to the custom of the era, the Perényi family changed sides and religious denominations multiple times. After 1570, the area became a collision zone between the Habsburg-ruled Kingdom of Hungary and the Principality of Transylvania, considered to be the strongest bastion of Hungarian independence, and the town changed hands several times. The Hungarian town stood on the side of independence in both wars of independence, the one led by Rákóczi Ferenc II and the one between 1848 and 1849. Baron Perényi Zsigmond was executed in 1849 by the Austrians for signing the Declaration of Independence. The town lost its Hungarian majority due to the tragedies of the 20th century - the annexation to Czechoslovakia in 1920, the deportation of the population by the Soviets in 1944, and the state-organized migration of Ukrainians from over the Carpathians. In addition to its churches, the outstanding attraction of the town is the beautiful mansion of the Perényi family, which unfortunately can only be admired from the outside."},{"id":"52","name":"Huszt","localname":"Хуст","seolink":"huszt-khust","gps_lat":"48.1753110000","gps_long":"23.2922050000","population":"28","picture":"download","picture_ref":"","description":"The castle of Huszt, evoced by the poem of Kölcsey Ferenc, the poet of the Hungarian Anthem, was built by King St. László of Hungary against the Cumans according to the legend. This might not be true, but we can be sure, that the privilege granted by King Charles I of Hungary in 1329 made Huszt the center of the four crown towns of Máramaros County along the river Tisza, and this proves the significance of the settlement. Its castle was of great strategic importance, as it protected the roads leading to the salt mines of Máramaros and the crown towns. In the turbulent times following the Battle of Mohács, its castellan, Kávássy Kristóf, was able to plunder the countryside undisturbed. Later, it became an important border fortress of the Principality of Transylvania, which was the bastion of Hungarian independence against Habsburg oppression. In the middle of the 17th century, the castle was owned by Rhédey Ferenc. This was its golden age, because even the nobility of the neighboring counties of the Kingdom of Hungary enrolled their children to its renowned school. It was an important stronghold of the insurgents during the War of Independence led by Rákóczi Ferenc II, and the castle, which survived every war, was eventually destroyed by mother nature. The town was taken from Hungary and given to Czechoslovakia in 1920. Huszt took on a disgraceful leading role for a short time in 1938, when it became the seat of the autonomous region led by Avgustin Voloshin. Volosin began violent Ukrainianization and set up a concentration camp for the Hungarian and Rusyn opposition. Voloshin's republic proclaimed in Huszt on March 14, 1939 pleading immediately for German patronage was ended the next day by Hungarian troops liberating Subcarpathia. Perhaps the most beautiful attraction of the town is the Reformed church, built in the late 14th century and originally dedicated to St. Elizabeth of Hungary."}]}