Szerednye
Середнянський замок
Szerednye
Hungarian:
Szerednye
Ukrainian:
Середнє
Condition:
Some wall remains
Entrance:
Free
Address:
Zamkova St
Settlement:
Szerednye, Середнє
Historical Hungarian county:
Ung
Country:
Ukraine
Province:
Закарпатська область
Geographic region:
Ung Plain
GPS coordinates:
48.538996, 22.497494
Google map:
History
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
Little more...
895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
Little more...
1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
12th century
The castle was constructed by the Knights Templar, who arrived from France at the invitation of King Gáza II of Hungary. After their order was banned in Hungary as well, most of their estates were received by the Order of Saint John. Later the Pálóczi family owned Szerednye and the villages that belonged to its lordship.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
Little more...
1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
Little more...
1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
Little more...
1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1526
Pálóczi Antal, the last male member of the family, fell in the Battle of Mohács. His estates were inherited by his close relatives, the Dobó family. But they could take possession of only the lordships of Pálóc and Szerednye, becasue the largest estate, Sárospatak (Hungary), was acquired by Crown Guard Perényi Péter. The castle's defences were fully built in the period of the Dobó family, and because they earned their fortune from wine trade, the wine cellars still in use were cut in the same era by Turkish prisoners. Dobó István, the heroic captain of Eger Castle (1552), liked the small castle very much, he stayed here several times and hunted in the nearby forests.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
Little more...
1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1552
Captain Dobó István succesfully defended Eger Castle with around 2,000 Hungarian men and women against the siege of Grand Vizier Kara Ahmed's army of 30-40 thousand soldiers. During the 38-day siege, the Turks held the castle under fire with 140 cannons, to no avail. By this act they managed to prevent the Turks from capturing the wealthy mining towns of northern Hungary (now Slovakia).
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
Little more...
1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1572
Dobó István died in the castle. His body was laid to rest in the family crypt in Ruszka, but his heart was buried in Szerednye. The Homonnai Drugeth family acquired the castle afterwards.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
Little more...
1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
Little more...
1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1711
After Rákóczi's War of Independence, the castle lost its significance and started to decay. The Perényi and the Barkóczy families inherited it, but they did not spend much on the restoration of the damages done by the war. Later a fire also devasteted the castle.
Source: varak.hu , Wikipedia, arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
Check out other castles in Subcarpathia (Ukraine) as well!
© OpenStreetMap contributors
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Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n, the heroic captain of Eger Castle (1552), liked the small castle very much, he stayed here several times and hunted in the nearby forests.@#9|@1552|Captain Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n succesfully defended Eger Castle with around 2,000 Hungarian men and women against the siege of Grand Vizier Kara Ahmed's army of 30-40 thousand soldiers. During the 38-day siege, the Turks held the castle under fire with 140 cannons, to no avail. By this act they managed to prevent the Turks from capturing the wealthy mining towns of northern Hungary (now Slovakia).@#10|@1572|Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n died in the castle. His body was laid to rest in the family crypt in Ruszka, but his heart was buried in Szerednye. The Homonnai Drugeth family acquired the castle afterwards.@#25|@#27|@1711|After R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's War of Independence, the castle lost its significance and started to decay. The Per\u00e9nyi and the Bark\u00f3czy families inherited it, but they did not spend much on the restoration of the damages done by the war. 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