Dolha Castle
Палац-фортеця графів Телекі
Dolha Castle
Hungarian:
Dolha
Ukrainian:
Довге (Dovhe)
Condition:
Turned to a palace
Entrance:
Free
Settlement:
Dolha, Довге (Dovhe)
Historical Hungarian county:
Máramaros
Country:
Ukraine
Province:
Закарпатська область
Geographic region:
Borló Mountain
GPS coordinates:
48.366911, 23.282474
Google map:
History
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
Little more...
895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
Little more...
1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
13th century
The ancestors of the Dolhay family migrated from Cumania (now Moldavia, part of Romania) to Máramaros County. The Dolhays were wealthy landowners in Bereg County already in the 15th century, since Dolhay Ambrus received several estates in Bereg County from Governor Hunyadi János of Hungary (1446-1453) in addition to his ancestral estates because of the valor he had shown in the battles against the Turks.
1411
Dolha is mentioned as a customs place. It originally belonging to Bereg County, it was later attached to Máramaros County by royal decree (in 1454).
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1664
Victory over the Turks at Szentgotthárd and the shameful Peace of Vasvár
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1664
The imperial army achieved a significant victory over the Turks at the battle of Szentgotthárd. Despite this, Emperor Leopold I concluded a 20-year peace treaty with the Turks at Vasvár on terms that made it look as if the Turks had won. This caused a huge outcry in Europe and among the Hungarian nobility, who expected the country to be liberated after the victory. The formerly Habsburg-loyal Catholic Hungarian barons began to plot against the Emperor with the leadership of Wesselényi Ferenc. In 1668, at the end of the Franco-Spanish War, King Louis XIV of France withdrew his support for the conspiracy, and the support of the Turks was not obtained.
1671
Exposure of the Wesselényi conspiracy
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1671
After the exposure of the anti-Hapsburg Wesselényi conspiracy, the main organisers, Zrínyi Péter, Nádasdy Ferenc and Frangepán Ferenc were executed. Wesselényi Ferenc died in 1667. The Croatian uprising, which was part of the conspiracy, was crushed by the Habsburgs in 1670.
after 1671
Kuruc Movement
Little more...
after 1671
Many noble, burgher and preacher fled to the Principality of Transylvania and the territory under Turkish occupation from the reprisals after the exposure of the anti-Habsburg Wesselényi-conspiracy and from the violent Counter-Reformation. They were joined by dismissed Hungarian soldiers of the Turkish border forts, who were replaced by German mercenaries. They were called the fugitives (bujdosók). They started an armed movement against the Habsburg rule. Because of the Turkish ban, the Principality of Transylvania could not openly support them. From 1677, the French supported their cause with money and Polish mercenaries. They achieved their first serious success when they temporarily occupied the mining towns of northern Hungary (now central Slovakia) under the command of Thököly lmre. He then became the sole leader of the movement. In 1679, the French made peace with Emperor Leopold I and withdrew their support for the fugitives. Between 1678 and 1681 Thököly Imre led successful raids against the Habsburgs and their supporters in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. The insurgents were called kurucs.
1682
Thököly Imre, Prince of Upper Hungary
Little more...
1682
Thököly Imre, the leader of the kuruc insurgents, gained the support of the Turks. He launched a campaign against the Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary. With the support of the Turkish army, he occupied the town of Kassa and also the important stronghold of Fülek. He was then recognized by the Turks as King of Hungary, but he chose the title of Prince of Upper Hungary.
late 17th century
The castle of Dolha was likely built by Dolhay György. Dolhay was a confidant of Thököly Imre, leader of the anti-Habsburg kuruc uprising.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
Little more...
1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1685
The Turkish captivity of Thököly Imre and the fall of the kuruc movement
Little more...
1685
The Pasha of Várad captured Thököly Imre as he was asking for Turkish help and offered him to Emperor Leopold I for peace. But the Imperial emissaries laughed at his face, because, having the upper hand, they no longer cared for Thököly. On the news of his capture, the town of Kassa and the kuruc strongholds surrendered to the Emperor one after the other. The Turks, seeing their fatal mistake, released Thököly the following year and tried to restore his authority, but his power was broken forever and the Hungarian insurgents no longer trusted the Turks. Most of the insurgents joined the imperial army and helped to liberate the rest of Hungary from the Turks.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
Little more...
1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
Little more...
1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
Little more...
1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1703–1705
Dolhay György was the captain of Huszt Castle.
June 8, 1703
The battle was fought between the peasant insurgents led by Esze Tamás and the noble armies of ispán Károlyi Sándor of Szatmár and ispán Csáky István of Bereg in Dolha. After the insurgent's defeat, Dolhay György had the corpses of the fallen insurgents collected and buried properly.
1708
Dolhay György died. He was buried in the crypt of the Reformed church of Huszt. His widow was married by Baron Perényi Imre, who was appointed guardian of the child Dolhay Borbála by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II. But the little girl survived his father only by one year, and the family got extinct.
after 1711
After the fall of Rákóczi's War of Independence, Emperor Charles III gave the lordship of Dolha to the Teleki family from Transylvania.
1712
Teleki László, ispán of Fejér County, renovated the castle, and reinforced it with walls and bastions.
1774
The bastion gate was constructed.
1914-1918
World War I
Little more...
1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
Little more...
4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
1920
The ownership of the Teleki family ended. A district hospital was opened in the castle in the Czechoslovak era. Today it is a pulmonary clinic.
Source: varak.hu , Wikipedia, arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
Check out other castles in Subcarpathia (Ukraine) as well!
© OpenStreetMap contributors
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Vadaro assumed (based on copyright claims). \/ Public domain\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dolha-Dovhe01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Dolha-Dovhe01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/57\/Dolha-Dovhe01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dolha-Dovhe01.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003ENo machine-readable author provided. Vadaro assumed (based on copyright claims).\u003C\/a\u003E \/ Public domain","name":"Dolha Castle","georegion":"Borl\u00f3 Mountain","description":"","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@13th century|The ancestors of the Dolhay family migrated from Cumania (now Moldavia, part of Romania) to M\u00e1ramaros County. The Dolhays were wealthy landowners in Bereg County already in the 15th century, since Dolhay Ambrus received several estates in Bereg County from Governor Hunyadi J\u00e1nos of Hungary (1446-1453) in addition to his ancestral estates because of the valor he had shown in the battles against the Turks.@1411|Dolha is mentioned as a customs place. It originally belonging to Bereg County, it was later attached to M\u00e1ramaros County by royal decree (in 1454).@#8|@#9|@#10|@#19|@#20|@#21|@#22|@late 17th century|The castle of Dolha was likely built by Dolhay Gy\u00f6rgy. Dolhay was a confidant of Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre, leader of the anti-Habsburg kuruc uprising.@#23|@#24|@#25|@#26|@#27|@1703\u20131705|Dolhay Gy\u00f6rgy was the captain of Huszt Castle.@June 8, 1703|The battle was fought between the peasant insurgents led by Esze Tam\u00e1s and the noble armies of isp\u00e1n K\u00e1rolyi S\u00e1ndor of Szatm\u00e1r and isp\u00e1n Cs\u00e1ky Istv\u00e1n of Bereg in Dolha. After the insurgent's defeat, Dolhay Gy\u00f6rgy had the corpses of the fallen insurgents collected and buried properly.@1708|Dolhay Gy\u00f6rgy died. He was buried in the crypt of the Reformed church of Huszt. His widow was married by Baron Per\u00e9nyi Imre, who was appointed guardian of the child Dolhay Borb\u00e1la by Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II. But the little girl survived his father only by one year, and the family got extinct.@after 1711|After the fall of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's War of Independence, Emperor Charles III gave the lordship of Dolha to the Teleki family from Transylvania.@1712|Teleki L\u00e1szl\u00f3, isp\u00e1n of Fej\u00e9r County, renovated the castle, and reinforced it with walls and bastions.@1774|The bastion gate was constructed.@#31|@#32|@#36|@1920|The ownership of the Teleki family ended. A district hospital was opened in the castle in the Czechoslovak era. 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