Statue of Kossuth Lajos
Original function:
statue / memorial / relief
Current function:
statue / memorial / relief
Address:
Pionierov, 048 01 Rožňava
Historical Hungarian county:
Gömör-Kishont
GPS coordinates:
48.656585, 20.530878
History
The three-meters high bronze statue of Kossuth Lajos was unveiled in 1907 on the main square of Rozsnyó.
Kossuth Lajos was the political leader of the Hungarian War of Independence between 1848 and 1849. The statue was made by Róna József.
In 1919 the invading soldiers of the Czechoslovak Legion tore it down and the statue of Stefánik was put in its place. After the Hungarian town returned to Hungary in 1938, the statue of Kossuth Lajos was reerected (the leaving Czechoslovaks took the Stefánik statue with them). In 1945 the Soviet tanks brought back the Czechoslovak oppressors and the statue of Kossuth Lajos was removed once again. The Hungarians hid it among the trash in the boiler house of the Museum of Mining to prevent it from being melted by the invaders. In 2004 the statue was again unveiled on the square before the Museum of Mining. The main square is still marred by the statue of Stefánik, the symbol of occupation.
M.R.Stefánik was born in a Slovak family of 12 children in Kosaras, that was part of Hungary. His father was a Slovak nationalist, a member of the extreme separatist Slovak National Party and
he raised his children in the same spirit. Stefánik attended the grammar schools of Pozsony (at that time it was a Hungarian and German town) and Sopron (Hungary), and he passed his final exams in the Evangelic Grammar School of Szarvas (Hungary).
He learned at the University of Prague, where his philosophy teacher was Masaryk, who influenced him with his idea of the Czech and Slovak unification. In Prague he started to write untruthful articles in newspapers about the oppression of the Slovaks by the Hungarians. After the breaking of the First World War in 1914, he betrayed his homeland, joined the French Foreign Legion and became a fighter pilot. In 1916 the Czechoslovak National Council was formed in Paris, and Masaryk became its president. They organized the Czechoslovak Legion from Czech and Slovak deserters. Its main purpose was to occupy Bohemia and northern Hungary after the defeat of the Central Powers. In November 1, 1918 the Czechoslovak Legion started the invasion of northern Hungary under the command of Italian officers. In January, 1919 Pozsony was also occupied. They invaded large areas with Hungarian majority as well, and the Slovaks formed only less then 50 percent of the population of the occupied territory. In May, 1919 Stefánik was travelling by plane from Udine to Pozsony but his plane crashed during landing. All the passengers died. There were several theories.
The Czech Masaryk and Beneš wanted to a suppress the Slovaks in the Czechoslovak state that was to be created from the very beginning, thus they had a serious disagreement with Stefánik.
According to the reports Stefánik was travelling on an Italian plane, which was taken as a Hungarian plane because of its flag of green-white-red colors, and was shot down by the Czechoslovak soldiers. But according to the Slovak nationalist politician Andrej Hlinka, the plane landed, but Stefánik was shot at the command of Beneš as soon as he got out of the plane.
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