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Liptószentmiklós
Liptovský Mikuláš
Liptószentmiklós
Hungarian:
Liptószentmiklós
Slovak:
Liptovský Mikuláš
German:
Sankt Nikolaus in der Liptau
Historical Hungarian county:
Liptó
Country:
Slovakia
District:
Žilinský kraj
River:
Vág
Altitude:
607 m
GPS coordinates:
49.083457, 19.612705
Google map:
Population
Population:
32k
Hungarian:
0.22%
Population in 1910
| Total | 3251 |
|---|---|
| Hungarian | 27.68% |
| German | 20.15% |
| Slovak | 50.94% |
Coat of Arms
The town lies on the bank of the Vág River in the valley between the Low and High Tatras next to the Liptószentmária Reservoir. It got its name from the church dedicated to St Nicholas built around 1280. In 1677 the town became the seat of Liptó County and remained so until 1920, when it was attached from Hungary to Czechoslovakia. The greatest folk hero of the Slovaks, the brigand Juraj Jánošík, was executed in the town in 1713 for his evildoings. According to the Slovak folklore his power came from his magic items, which he received from the fairies. These were a swineherd axe (valaska), a belt, a white shirt, and his pigtail hair. In the early 19th century, a significant Slovak cultural life unfolded in the town.
Check out other towns in Upper Hungary (Slovakia) as well!
History
Sights
© OpenStreetMap contributors
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1268
Ispán (Count) Liptói Miklós made it a populous serf village, and he erected a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas in the center of the village.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1360
King Louis I of Hungary (Louis the Great) granted it town privileges and right to hold markets.
15th century
Czech Hussite marauders devastated the town. Pongrácz of Szentmiklós constructed a castle. The Pongrácz family is an ancient noble family of Liptó County.
1440
After the death of King Albert of the House of Habsburg, the Estates of Hungary elected the Polish Ulászló to the throne. Elisabeth, the widow queen, in order to secure the throne for László, her baby boy, called in the Czech Hussite mercenary leader Jan Jiskra. She gave him the title "Captain of the Mining Towns and Kassa", and gave him the castle of Zólyom.
1440-1441
The Czech Hussites soon occupied much of northern Hungary. They reinforced the castles and turned them into bandit lairs. They were pillaging everywhere and large areas became uninhabited. They wiped out the local German and Hungarian population, who were replaced by Czech and other Slavic settlers. The Czech Hussite devastation largely contributed to the Slavicisation of northern Hungary (now Slovakia).
1462
The army of King Matthias of Hungary, under the command of Szapolyai Imre and István defeated Hussites. Soon their leader, Jiskra also surrendered and handed over his castles to the king.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
Little more...
1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary. In 1571, John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
October 3, 1619
The town peacefully surrendered to Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1677
The town became the seat of Liptó County.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1713
The greatest Slovak national hero (not a joke!), the brigand Juraj Jánošík was executed. According to the Slovak folklore his power came from his magical items, which he received from the fairies. These were a swineherd axe (valaska), a belt, a white shirt, and his pigtail hair. In reality Jánošík served in the army of the Hungarian Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II, who led a war of independence against the Habsburgs. But after the lost battle of Trencsén in 1708, he was forced to serve the Emperor. He worked as a prison guard in the castle of Biccse where he met the brigand leader Tomáš Uhorčík. His parents paid his ransom and he could return home, but when Uhorčík escaped from captivity in 1711, Jánošík joined his gang. Among other mischieves, he smuggled horses from Poland. In 1712, he was elected captain of the rogues. The pandurs (cops) of Liptó County arrested him and afterwards he was sentenced to death. Because he was an especially dangerous evil-doer, he was hooked.
1829
The foundation of the first Slovak library.
1830
The foundation of the first Slovak theatrical group.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1914-1918
World War I
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1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
December 14, 1918
The Czechoslovaks invaded Liptószentmiklós.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
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4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
14 March 1939
First independent Slovakia was established
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14 March 1939
The first independent Slovakia was established under German patronage. Josef Tiso became president of the country. In 1938, Hungary regained 11,927 km2 of territory from Czechoslovakia under the First Vienna Award. Its population was 869 thousand people, 86.5% of whom were Hungarian. From the remaining territory that Hungary did not get back, Slovakia was formed.
Autumn 1944 - Spring 1945
Soviet occupation
Little more...
Autumn 1944 - Spring 1945
The Soviet Red Army occupied Hungary and Slovakia, which resulted in the recreation of Czechoslovakia.
1945
The Soviets invaded Liptószentmiklós.
5 April 1945
Beneš decrees and the persecution of Hungarians
Little more...
5 April 1945
In Hungarian-majority Kassa, the president of occupying Czechoslovakia, Edvard Beneš, promulgated his government program, the so-called Beneš decrees. As part of this, the Hungarian population was deprived of their rights. Their complete expulsion was planned, with the support of the Soviet Union, and only the veto of the USA prevented it. Under the 'Reslavakization' programme, only those Hungarians who recognised themselves as Slovaks were allowed to regain their rights, thus renouncing all linguistic and cultural rights. In the violent expulsions that followed, nearly 200,000 Hungarians were deprived of their property and expelled from their homeland on the basis of their nationality.
1 January 1993
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
Little more...
1 January 1993
Czechoslovakia disintegrated due to ethnic differences between Czechs and Slovaks, shortly after the withdrawal of Soviet tanks. Slovakia was formed entirely from territory carved out of historic Hungary, and Slovak national identity is still largely based on falsified history and artificial hatred of Hungarians. Despite deportations, expulsions, forced assimilation and strong economic pressure, there are still nearly half a million Hungarians living in the country.
Source: Wikipedia, ujszo.com , arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
Sights
All
Churches, religious buildings
Public buildings
Cultural facilities
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Town infrastructure
Private buildings
Museums and Galleries
Churches, religious buildings
St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church
Rímskokatolícky kostol svätého Mikuláša
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Roman Catholic
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St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church
History
It was built around 1280 in Gothic style. Its altar of Virigin Mary was made in the 1470's and 80's. In the middle of the main altar stands the statue of St. Nicholas with the statues of St. Stephen of Hungary and St. László of Hungary on its sides. In the 15th century the Pongrácz family surrounded the church with fortifications. The church was reconstructed in Baroque style in the 18th century. The fortifications were demolished after 1945.
Lutheran Church in Verbic
Evanjelický kostol
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Lutheran
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Lutheran Church in Verbic
History
The church was built between 1783 and 1785 in Empire style.
Roman Catholic Parish
Rímskokatolícky farský úrad
Originally:
parish
Currently:
parish
Church:
Roman Catholic
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Roman Catholic Parish
History
former Jesuit Monastery, Slovak Museum of Nature Protection and Speleology
Slovenské múzeum ochrany prírody a jaskyniarstva
Originally:
monastery / nunnery / canon's house / provost residence, school
Currently:
museum
Church:
Roman Catholic
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Visit
former Jesuit Monastery, Slovak Museum of Nature Protection and Speleology
History
The land was granted to the Jesuits by Empress Maria Theresia in 1750 in order to build a monastery and a school. After Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Jesuit Order in 1773, the monastery was taken over by the Franciscans in 1777. In 1787 Emperor Joseph Il banned the Franciscan Order and the monastery became abandoned.
Synagogue, Jewish Museum
Synagóga
Originally:
synagogue
Currently:
museum, gallery
Church:
Jewish
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Synagogue, Jewish Museum
History
The synagogue was built between 1842 and 1846.
Public buildings
Palatinus House
Župný dom
Originally:
county hall
Currently:
public administration
Note:
District Office.
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Palatinus House
History
It was once the county hall of Liptó County. It was one of the counties of Hungary. It was built between 1778 and 1793 in late Baroque style. Today it is a museum.
Illésházy Mansion, Janko Král' Museum of Slovak Literature
Múzeum Janka Kráľa Liptovský Mikuláš
Originally:
county hall
Currently:
museum
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Visit
Illésházy Mansion, Janko Král' Museum of Slovak Literature
History
It was built at the end of the 17th century and was the seat of Liptó County, one of the counties of Hungary. The building was reconstructed in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century.
Cultural facilities
House Upside Down
Dom na streche
Originally:
amusement park / entertainment facility
Currently:
amusement park / entertainment facility
Note:
Entertainment facility.
House Upside Down
History
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Black Eagle Museum, Exhibition of the Museum of Liptó
Liptovské múzeum NKP Čierny orol
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Currently:
museum
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Visit
Black Eagle Museum, Exhibition of the Museum of Liptó
History
It was a tavern and restaurant already in the 17th century.
Town infrastructure
Metamorphosis Fountain
History
Private buildings
Museums and Galleries
former Jesuit Monastery, Slovak Museum of Nature Protection and Speleology
Slovenské múzeum ochrany prírody a jaskyniarstva
Originally:
monastery / nunnery / canon's house / provost residence, school
Currently:
museum
Church:
Roman Catholic
Show on map
Visit
former Jesuit Monastery, Slovak Museum of Nature Protection and Speleology
History
The land was granted to the Jesuits by Empress Maria Theresia in 1750 in order to build a monastery and a school. After Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Jesuit Order in 1773, the monastery was taken over by the Franciscans in 1777. In 1787 Emperor Joseph Il banned the Franciscan Order and the monastery became abandoned.
Synagogue, Jewish Museum
Synagóga
Originally:
synagogue
Currently:
museum, gallery
Church:
Jewish
Show on map
Visit
Synagogue, Jewish Museum
History
The synagogue was built between 1842 and 1846.
Illésházy Mansion, Janko Král' Museum of Slovak Literature
Múzeum Janka Kráľa Liptovský Mikuláš
Originally:
county hall
Currently:
museum
Show on map
Visit
Illésházy Mansion, Janko Král' Museum of Slovak Literature
History
It was built at the end of the 17th century and was the seat of Liptó County, one of the counties of Hungary. The building was reconstructed in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century.
Pongrácz Mansion, Koloman Sokol Gallery
Galéria Kolomana Sokola
Originally:
mansion / manor house
Currently:
gallery
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Pongrácz Mansion, Koloman Sokol Gallery
History
It was built in the middle of the 15th century.
Black Eagle Museum, Exhibition of the Museum of Liptó
Liptovské múzeum NKP Čierny orol
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Currently:
museum
Show on map
Visit
Black Eagle Museum, Exhibition of the Museum of Liptó
History
It was a tavern and restaurant already in the 17th century.
Check out other towns in Upper Hungary (Slovakia) as well!
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It got its name from the church dedicated to St Nicholas built around 1280. In 1677 the town became the seat of Lipt\u00f3 County and remained so until 1920, when it was attached from Hungary to Czechoslovakia. The greatest folk hero of the Slovaks, the brigand Juraj J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edk, was executed in the town in 1713 for his evildoings. According to the Slovak folklore his power came from his magic items, which he received from the fairies. These were a swineherd axe (valaska), a belt, a white shirt, and his pigtail hair. In the early 19th century, a significant Slovak cultural life unfolded in the town.","nameorigin":" The settlement was named after its church dedicated to St. Nicholas, and the \u0022Lipt\u00f3\u0022 prefix refers to the fact that it was located in Lipt\u00f3 County.","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@1268|Isp\u00e1n (Count) Lipt\u00f3i Mikl\u00f3s made it a populous serf village, and he erected a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas in the center of the village.@#6|@1360|King Louis I of Hungary (Louis the Great) granted it town privileges and right to hold markets.@15th century|Czech Hussite marauders devastated the town. Pongr\u00e1cz of Szentmikl\u00f3s constructed a castle. The Pongr\u00e1cz family is an ancient noble family of Lipt\u00f3 County.@1440|After the death of King Albert of the House of Habsburg, the Estates of Hungary elected the Polish Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 to the throne. Elisabeth, the widow queen, in order to secure the throne for L\u00e1szl\u00f3, her baby boy, called in the Czech Hussite mercenary leader Jan Jiskra. She gave him the title \u0022Captain of the Mining Towns and Kassa\u0022, and gave him the castle of Z\u00f3lyom.@1440-1441|The Czech Hussites soon occupied much of northern Hungary. They reinforced the castles and turned them into bandit lairs. They were pillaging everywhere and large areas became uninhabited. They wiped out the local German and Hungarian population, who were replaced by Czech and other Slavic settlers. The Czech Hussite devastation largely contributed to the Slavicisation of northern Hungary (now Slovakia).@1462|The army of King Matthias of Hungary, under the command of Szapolyai Imre and Istv\u00e1n defeated Hussites. Soon their leader, Jiskra also surrendered and handed over his castles to the king.@#8|@#11|@#15|@October 3, 1619|The town peacefully surrendered to Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania.@#16|@1677|The town became the seat of Lipt\u00f3 County.@#25|@#27|@1713|The greatest Slovak national hero (not a joke!), the brigand Juraj J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edk was executed. According to the Slovak folklore his power came from his magical items, which he received from the fairies. These were a swineherd axe (valaska), a belt, a white shirt, and his pigtail hair. In reality J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edk served in the army of the Hungarian Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, who led a war of independence against the Habsburgs. But after the lost battle of Trencs\u00e9n in 1708, he was forced to serve the Emperor. He worked as a prison guard in the castle of Biccse where he met the brigand leader Tom\u00e1\u0161 Uhor\u010d\u00edk. His parents paid his ransom and he could return home, but when Uhor\u010d\u00edk escaped from captivity in 1711, J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edk joined his gang. Among other mischieves, he smuggled horses from Poland. In 1712, he was elected captain of the rogues. The pandurs (cops) of Lipt\u00f3 County arrested him and afterwards he was sentenced to death. Because he was an especially dangerous evil-doer, he was hooked.@1829|The foundation of the first Slovak library.@1830|The foundation of the first Slovak theatrical group.@#28|@#30|@#31|@#32|@December 14, 1918|The Czechoslovaks invaded Lipt\u00f3szentmikl\u00f3s.@#36|@#38|@#41|@1945|The Soviets invaded Lipt\u00f3szentmikl\u00f3s.@#42|@#44|&ujszo.com|https:\/\/ujszo.com\/kozelet\/a-szlovak-nep-hose"},"sights":[{"sightId":96,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"R\u00edmskokatol\u00edcky kostol sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161a","address":"N\u00e1mestie oslobodite\u013eov 725\/27, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"1|565|446","gps_lat":"49.0831490000","gps_long":"19.6125540000","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/www.faralm.sk\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Gitanes232 \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:LptMIKULAS-SvMikulas03.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022LptMIKULAS-SvMikulas03\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/LptMIKULAS-SvMikulas03.jpg\/256px-LptMIKULAS-SvMikulas03.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:LptMIKULAS-SvMikulas03.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EGitanes232\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church ","seolink":"st-nicholas-roman-catholic-church","note":"","history":"It was built around 1280 in Gothic style. Its altar of Virigin Mary was made in the 1470's and 80's. In the middle of the main altar stands the statue of St. Nicholas with the statues of St. Stephen of Hungary and St. L\u00e1szl\u00f3 of Hungary on its sides. In the 15th century the Pongr\u00e1cz family surrounded the church with fortifications. The church was reconstructed in Baroque style in the 18th century. The fortifications were demolished after 1945."},{"sightId":97,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"R\u00edmskokatol\u00edcky farsk\u00fd \u00farad","address":"N\u00e1mestie oslobodite\u013eov 84\/20, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"1|533|454","gps_lat":"49.0831030000","gps_long":"19.6120300000","religion":1,"oldtype":"4","newtype":"4","homepage":"https:\/\/www.faralm.sk\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Roman Catholic Parish ","seolink":"roman-catholic-parish","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":98,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"\u017dupn\u00fd dom","address":"N\u00e1mestie oslobodite\u013eov 1, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"1|581|367","gps_lat":"49.0840380000","gps_long":"19.6128330000","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"15","homepage":"https:\/\/www.mikulas.sk\/navstevnik\/12-naj-historickeho-centra\/zupny-dom\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Patrik Kunec \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_b%C3%BDval%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom_-_2020.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 - b\u00fdval\u00fd \u017eupn\u00fd dom - 2020\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_b%C3%BDval%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom_-_2020.jpg\/512px-Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_b%C3%BDval%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom_-_2020.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_b%C3%BDval%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom_-_2020.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EPatrik Kunec\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Palatinus House ","seolink":"palatinus-house","note":"District Office.","history":"It was once the county hall of Lipt\u00f3 County. It was one of the counties of Hungary. It was built between 1778 and 1793 in late Baroque style. Today it is a museum."},{"sightId":99,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"M\u00fazeum Janka Kr\u00e1\u013ea Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","address":"03101 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161, N\u00e1mestie oslobodite\u013eov 1120\/31, 040 01 Star\u00e9 Mesto","mapdata":"1|536|406","gps_lat":"49.0836570000","gps_long":"19.6121950000","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"98","homepage":"http:\/\/muzeumjankakrala.sk\/","openinghours":"http:\/\/muzeumjankakrala.sk\/otvaracie-hodiny-a-vstupne\/","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Patrik Kunec \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_star%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 - star\u00fd \u017eupn\u00fd dom\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/05\/Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_star%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom.JPG\/512px-Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_star%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_star%C3%BD_%C5%BEupn%C3%BD_dom.JPG\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EPatrik Kunec\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Ill\u00e9sh\u00e1zy Mansion, Janko Kr\u00e1l' Museum of Slovak Literature","seolink":"illeshazy-mansion-janko-kral-museum-of-slovak-literature","note":"","history":"It was built at the end of the 17th century and was the seat of Lipt\u00f3 County, one of the counties of Hungary. The building was reconstructed in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century."},{"sightId":100,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"Gal\u00e9ria Kolomana Sokola","address":"N\u00e1mestie oslobodite\u013eov 61\/1, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"1|532|427","gps_lat":"49.0832820000","gps_long":"19.6120620000","religion":0,"oldtype":"51","newtype":"99","homepage":"http:\/\/www.galerialm.sk\/stale-expozicie\/koloman-sokol\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022SchiDD \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:SK-Liptovsky_Mikulas-Galerie.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022SK-Liptovsky Mikulas-Galerie\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/SK-Liptovsky_Mikulas-Galerie.jpg\/512px-SK-Liptovsky_Mikulas-Galerie.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:SK-Liptovsky_Mikulas-Galerie.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003ESchiDD\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Pongr\u00e1cz Mansion, Koloman Sokol Gallery","seolink":"pongracz-mansion-koloman-sokol-gallery","note":"","history":"It was built in the middle of the 15th century."},{"sightId":101,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"Evanjelick\u00fd kostol","address":"Tranovsk\u00e9ho 110\/2, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"1|759|393","gps_lat":"49.0837820000","gps_long":"19.6158740000","religion":3,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/www.ecavlm.sk\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Pawe\u0142 Ku\u017aniar (Jojo_1, Jojo) \/ CC BY-SA (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsky_Mikulas_05.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Liptovsky Mikulas 05\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Liptovsky_Mikulas_05.jpg\/256px-Liptovsky_Mikulas_05.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsky_Mikulas_05.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EPawe\u0142 Ku\u017aniar (Jojo_1, Jojo)\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Lutheran Church in Verbic ","seolink":"lutheran-church-in-verbic","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1783 and 1785 in Empire style."},{"sightId":102,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"Synag\u00f3ga","address":"Holl\u00e9ho 4, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"1|484|313","gps_lat":"49.0847590000","gps_long":"19.6108920000","religion":6,"oldtype":"8","newtype":"98, 99","homepage":"http:\/\/muzeumjankakrala.sk\/synagoga-2\/","openinghours":"http:\/\/muzeumjankakrala.sk\/otvaracie-hodiny-a-vstupne\/","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Pudelek (Marcin Szala) \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Synagogue_in_Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Synagogue in Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Synagogue_in_Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1.jpg\/512px-Synagogue_in_Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Synagogue_in_Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EPudelek (Marcin Szala)\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Synagogue, Jewish Museum","seolink":"synagogue-jewish-museum","note":"","history":"The synagogue was built between 1842 and 1846."},{"sightId":103,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"Font\u00e1na Metamorf\u00f3zy","address":"N\u00e1mestie oslobodite\u013eov 64\/5, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd 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href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_budova_tzv._%C4%8Cierneho_orla_-_2015.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 - budova tzv. \u010cierneho orla - 2015\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_budova_tzv._%C4%8Cierneho_orla_-_2015.JPG\/512px-Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_budova_tzv._%C4%8Cierneho_orla_-_2015.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_budova_tzv._%C4%8Cierneho_orla_-_2015.JPG\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EPatrik Kunec\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Black Eagle Museum, Exhibition of the Museum of Lipt\u00f3","seolink":"black-eagle-museum-exhibition-of-the-museum-of-lipto","note":"","history":"It was a tavern and restaurant already in the 17th century."},{"sightId":105,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"Slovensk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum ochrany pr\u00edrody a jaskyniarstva","address":"\u0160kolsk\u00e1 4, 031 01 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"1|818|512","gps_lat":"49.0823450000","gps_long":"19.6169910000","religion":1,"oldtype":"5, 74","newtype":"98","homepage":"http:\/\/www.smopaj.sk\/","openinghours":"http:\/\/www.smopaj.sk\/en\/otvaracie-hodiny","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Patrik Kunec \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0)\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_Jezuitsk%C3%BD_kl%C3%A1%C5%A1tor_-_Slovensk%C3%A9_m%C3%BAzeum_ochrany_pr%C3%ADrody_a_jaskyniarstva.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 - Jezuitsk\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor - Slovensk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum ochrany pr\u00edrody a jaskyniarstva\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a3\/Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_Jezuitsk%C3%BD_kl%C3%A1%C5%A1tor_-_Slovensk%C3%A9_m%C3%BAzeum_ochrany_pr%C3%ADrody_a_jaskyniarstva.JPG\/512px-Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_Jezuitsk%C3%BD_kl%C3%A1%C5%A1tor_-_Slovensk%C3%A9_m%C3%BAzeum_ochrany_pr%C3%ADrody_a_jaskyniarstva.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liptovsk%C3%BD_Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_-_Jezuitsk%C3%BD_kl%C3%A1%C5%A1tor_-_Slovensk%C3%A9_m%C3%BAzeum_ochrany_pr%C3%ADrody_a_jaskyniarstva.JPG\u0022 title=\u0022via Wikimedia Commons\u0022\u003EPatrik Kunec\u003C\/a\u003E \/ \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"former Jesuit Monastery, Slovak Museum of Nature Protection and 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After Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Jesuit Order in 1773, the monastery was taken over by the Franciscans in 1777. In 1787 Emperor Joseph Il banned the Franciscan Order and the monastery became abandoned."},{"sightId":106,"townId":8,"active":1,"name_LO":"Dom na streche","address":"R\u00e1ztock\u00e1 1181, 031 05 Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161","mapdata":"","gps_lat":"49.1023700000","gps_long":"19.5746470000","religion":0,"oldtype":"97","newtype":"97","homepage":"http:\/\/www.domnastreche.sk\/","openinghours":"http:\/\/www.domnastreche.sk\/","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"\r","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"House Upside Down ","seolink":"house-upside-down","note":"Entertainment facility.","history":""}]},"language":"en","region":"slovakia","regionid":2,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}