Flag
Csaca
Čadca
Csaca
Hungarian:
Csaca
Slovak:
Čadca
German:
Tschadsa
Historical Hungarian county:
Trencsén
Country:
Slovakia
District:
Žilinský kraj
River:
Kiszuca
Altitude:
420 m
GPS coordinates:
49.438007, 18.789692
Google map:
Population
Population:
24k
Hungarian:
0%
Population in 1910
| Total | 5207 |
|---|
Coat of Arms
The town is situated in the northwestern corner of the country near the Czech and Polish borders surrounded by mountains. It dates back to the 15th century, when vlach shepherds were settled in the area. The St. Bartholomew Church was built in the first half of the 18th century with the support of Erdődy György. Empress Maria Theresia granted it town status in 1778. On 7 November, 1918 the Czechoslovak Legion broke into Hungary through the Jablunka Pass and invaded Csaca. The Hungarian counter-attack starting on November 12 drove the Czechs out of Hungary. Afterwards the naive Entente-friendly Károlyi Mihály came to power in Hungary with a revolution, who dismissed the military and forbade any resistance, which rendered the country defenseless. The Czechs were then able to occupy the northern part of Hungary without hindrance, which ultimately led to the creation of Czechoslovakia.
Check out other towns in Upper Hungary (Slovakia) as well!
History
Sights
© OpenStreetMap contributors
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
Little more...
895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
15th century
Vlach shepherds were settled down in the area.
1417
The settlement was mentioned for the first time as Chacha. It belonged to the village of Krásznó.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
Little more...
1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary. In 1571, John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1565
A diploma written in German proves the existence of the village, which was mentioned as Tczaczka. It belonged to the lordship of Budatin Castle.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
Little more...
1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1735
The church of St. Bartholomew was built. Its tower was constructed in 1778.
1778
The settlement received town status from Empress Maria Theresia.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
December 6, 1848
The Slovak National Council, a minion of the Habsburgs, issued a proclamation recruiting for the suppression of the Hungarian War of Independence.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Little more...
1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1871
The town got railway connection with Kassa and Bohemia.
1914-1918
World War I
Little more...
1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
November 7, 1918
The Czechoslovaks broke into Hungary through the Jablunka Pass and invaded Csaca. The Hungarian counter-attack starting on November 12 drove the Czechs out of Hungary. Afterwards the Entente-friendly revolutionary government of Hungary led by Károlyi Mihály dismissed the military and forbade any resistance, which rendered the country defenseless.
December 6, 1918
The Czechoslovaks invaded Csaca again.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
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4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
14 March 1939
First independent Slovakia was established
Little more...
14 March 1939
The first independent Slovakia was established under German patronage. Josef Tiso became president of the country. In 1938, Hungary regained 11,927 km2 of territory from Czechoslovakia under the First Vienna Award. Its population was 869 thousand people, 86.5% of whom were Hungarian. From the remaining territory that Hungary did not get back, Slovakia was formed.
Autumn 1944 - Spring 1945
Soviet occupation
Little more...
Autumn 1944 - Spring 1945
The Soviet Red Army occupied Hungary and Slovakia, which resulted in the recreation of Czechoslovakia.
5 April 1945
Beneš decrees and the persecution of Hungarians
Little more...
5 April 1945
In Hungarian-majority Kassa, the president of occupying Czechoslovakia, Edvard Beneš, promulgated his government program, the so-called Beneš decrees. As part of this, the Hungarian population was deprived of their rights. Their complete expulsion was planned, with the support of the Soviet Union, and only the veto of the USA prevented it. Under the 'Reslavakization' programme, only those Hungarians who recognised themselves as Slovaks were allowed to regain their rights, thus renouncing all linguistic and cultural rights. In the violent expulsions that followed, nearly 200,000 Hungarians were deprived of their property and expelled from their homeland on the basis of their nationality.
1 January 1993
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
Little more...
1 January 1993
Czechoslovakia disintegrated due to ethnic differences between Czechs and Slovaks, shortly after the withdrawal of Soviet tanks. Slovakia was formed entirely from territory carved out of historic Hungary, and Slovak national identity is still largely based on falsified history and artificial hatred of Hungarians. Despite deportations, expulsions, forced assimilation and strong economic pressure, there are still nearly half a million Hungarians living in the country.
Source: Wikipedia, arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
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Churches, religious buildings
St. Bartholomew the Apostle Roman Catholic Church
Kostol sv. Bartolomeja
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Roman Catholic
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Visit
St. Bartholomew the Apostle Roman Catholic Church
History
The church was built between 1734 and 1735 in Baroque style with the contribution of the landowner Erdődy György.
The church was given a new altar in 1762, and Erdődy György also donated two side altars to the church. The side altars were originally dedicated to St. John the Baptist and St. Anne, but their paintings were replaced by the statues of the Sacred Heart and Virgin Mary during the reconstruction in 1899.
Cultural facilities
Museums and Galleries
Check out other towns in Upper Hungary (Slovakia) as well!
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