Törcsvár Castle
Castelul Bran
Törcsvár Castle
Hungarian:
Törcsvár
Romanian:
Bran
Dobre Cezar, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Condition:
Renovated / Good
Entrance:
Entrance fee
Address:
Strada General Traian Moșoiu 24
Settlement:
Törcsvár, Bran
Historical Hungarian county:
Fogaras
Country:
Romania
County:
Brașov
Geographic region:
Törcsvár Pass
GPS coordinates:
45.514901, 25.36716
Google map:
History
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1377
King Louis I of Hungary ordered the construction of the castle to the guard the Törcsvár Pass and its important trade route against the raids of the Vlach voivodes of Wallachia. There was probably some king of fortification here before as well, but it became insufficient with the consolidation of the Voivodeship of Wallachia. The castle was built by the people of Brassó, but the king retained the right to assign the castellans of Törcsvár, and continued to own certain properties within the castle and in the villages that belonged to it in the future as well. King Louis I granted further privileges to the people of Brassó and attached 12 Saxon villages to the town in compensation for their work.
1448
Törcsvár Castle appeared in a letter issued by Governor Hunyadi János of Hungary, in which he gave orders to its castellans.
1456
Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade)
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1456
The Turkish army of Sultan Mehmed II, the conqueror of Constantinople, besieged the castle of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade), which was the southern gateway to Hungary. But the Hungarian army, led by Hunyadi János, won a decisive victory over the twice to three times larger Turkish army. The Pope had earlier ordered that church bells should be rung every noon to pray for the victory of the defenders. Hunyadi János died of plague in the camp after the battle.
1462
The ruthless Voivode Vlad Daculea III of Wallachia aka Vlad Tepes was dethroned and driven away by his brother Radu III with Turkish help. The bloody-handed voivode fled to Hungary through the Törcsvár Pass and took a few days rest in Törcsvár Castle during his flight. He had nothing to do with the Hungarian castle except for this insignificant episode. After that Vlad Tepes was imprisoned by King Matthias of Hungary and he was released from custody only after 12 years. He was reinstalled to the throne of Wallachia by the Hungarian army in 1476, but as he couldn’t gain support in his homeland, he was murdered as soon as the Hungarians left. Draculea means the son of Dracul. His father got the name Dracul (dragon in Romanian) after King Sigismund of Hungary admitted him to the Order of the Dragon in Nürnberg. The chivalric order was established by King Sigismund.
1498
King Ulászló II of Hungary pawned Törcsvár Castle to the town of Brassó on the condition that its castellan had to be Hungarian at all times.
January 25, 1508
King Ulászló II cancelled the authority of the vajda of Transylvania over the castle and extended the pawn for 25 years. Brassó did not take care of the reinforcement of the castle but they paid 100 forints to master builder Zeller Mátyás for the reparations in 1512. The significance of the castle increased at that time, because Turkish, Tatar and Wallachian raiders broke into Hungary through the Törcsvár Pass frequently.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1530
Voivode Moise of Wallachia (1529-1530) sent an army to capture the castle, but the Székelys under the command of Castellan Dénes defended it at great cost. The burghers of Brassó immediately set out to repair the damaged walls after the siege, and the works lasted until 1535.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1568
Törcsvár was granted to the people of Brassó permanently, and King John II levied an annual tax of 200 forints on them in exchange. A larger lower castle was built in the valley, where the traders cleared customs as well. After the castle was acquired by the town of Brassó, its border protection role decreased, what’s more the traitorous Saxons negotiated with the voivodes of Wallachia and Moldova about making alliance with the Habsburgs against the Principality of Transylvania in the castle several times.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
April 5, 1612
Prince Báthori Gábor of Transylvania, after having captured Rozsnyó Castle from the people of Brassó hostile to him, marched to Törcsvár Castle. Its Saxon castellan Henklischer János immediately handed over the keys of the castle to the Prince, for which that the judge of Brassó Weiss Mihály had the castellan hanged afterwards.
1612
Prince Báthory Gábor tried to convince the Estates of Transylvania to join the Habsburgs, but they wouldn’t agree. Ghéczy András gained the support of the Turks against Báthory, but Báthory defeated him on 15 October in the battle of Barcaföldvár. The burghers of Brassó supported Ghéczy, and Judge Weiss Mihály of Brassó was also killed in the battle. Brassó swore loyalty to the Prince the same year and was given back Törcsvár in 1613.
1615
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania wanted to take control of Törcsvár, therefore the country assembly of Transylvania decided that Brassó had to prove the rightfulness of its ownership. The Prince was not satisfied with the presented documents.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1651
To resolve the dispute, the country assembly of Transylvania handed Törcsvár over to Brassó in exchange for 11,000 forints. They also declared that Brassó was obliged to defend the castle, and it had to have a Hungarian commander at all times.
1660
Rákóczi György II, after he became Prince of Transylvania for the third time, appeared unexpectedly at the castle with the army of his general Mikes Mihály under cover of night, his Székely soldiers climbed the walls on ladders and captured the castle.
1664
Victory over the Turks at Szentgotthárd and the shameful Peace of Vasvár
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1664
The imperial army achieved a significant victory over the Turks at the battle of Szentgotthárd. Despite this, Emperor Leopold I concluded a 20-year peace treaty with the Turks at Vasvár on terms that made it look as if the Turks had won. This caused a huge outcry in Europe and among the Hungarian nobility, who expected the country to be liberated after the victory. The formerly Habsburg-loyal Catholic Hungarian barons began to plot against the Emperor with the leadership of Wesselényi Ferenc. In 1668, at the end of the Franco-Spanish War, King Louis XIV of France withdrew his support for the conspiracy, and the support of the Turks was not obtained.
1671
Exposure of the Wesselényi conspiracy
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1671
After the exposure of the anti-Hapsburg Wesselényi conspiracy, the main organisers, Zrínyi Péter, Nádasdy Ferenc and Frangepán Ferenc were executed. Wesselényi Ferenc died in 1667. The Croatian uprising, which was part of the conspiracy, was crushed by the Habsburgs in 1670.
after 1671
Kuruc Movement
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after 1671
Many noble, burgher and preacher fled to the Principality of Transylvania and the territory under Turkish occupation from the reprisals after the exposure of the anti-Habsburg Wesselényi-conspiracy and from the violent Counter-Reformation. They were joined by dismissed Hungarian soldiers of the Turkish border forts, who were replaced by German mercenaries. They were called the fugitives (bujdosók). They started an armed movement against the Habsburg rule. Because of the Turkish ban, the Principality of Transylvania could not openly support them. From 1677, the French supported their cause with money and Polish mercenaries. They achieved their first serious success when they temporarily occupied the mining towns of northern Hungary (now central Slovakia) under the command of Thököly lmre. He then became the sole leader of the movement. In 1679, the French made peace with Emperor Leopold I and withdrew their support for the fugitives. Between 1678 and 1681 Thököly Imre led successful raids against the Habsburgs and their supporters in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. The insurgents were called kurucs.
1682
Thököly Imre, Prince of Upper Hungary
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1682
Thököly Imre, the leader of the kuruc insurgents, gained the support of the Turks. He launched a campaign against the Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary. With the support of the Turkish army, he occupied the town of Kassa and also the important stronghold of Fülek. He was then recognized by the Turks as King of Hungary, but he chose the title of Prince of Upper Hungary.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1685
The Turkish captivity of Thököly Imre and the fall of the kuruc movement
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1685
The Pasha of Várad captured Thököly Imre as he was asking for Turkish help and offered him to Emperor Leopold I for peace. But the Imperial emissaries laughed at his face, because, having the upper hand, they no longer cared for Thököly. On the news of his capture, the town of Kassa and the kuruc strongholds surrendered to the Emperor one after the other. The Turks, seeing their fatal mistake, released Thököly the following year and tried to restore his authority, but his power was broken forever and the Hungarian insurgents no longer trusted the Turks. Most of the insurgents joined the imperial army and helped to liberate the rest of Hungary from the Turks.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
August 21, 1690
Thököly Imre, the former leader of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian kuruc uprising, crossed the mountains with Turkish and Wallachian auxiliaries, attacked the imperial army of General Heisler from behind and defeated him.
September 21, 1690
The nobility of Transylvania joined Thököly Imre and he was elected Prince of Transylvania in Szeben. Soon the combined armies of Castelli and Heisler pushed him out of Transylvania.
1690
Thököly Imre tried to capture the castle, but the imperials defended it with the help of the people of Brassó.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
late 18th century
Only a jailor and 12 armed guards of the town stationed in the castle
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1914-1918
World War I
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1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
The council of Brassó gifted the castle to King Charles IV of Hungary and his wife, Queen Zita, on the occasion of his coronation.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
1918
After the Romanian occupation of Transylvania, the Saxons offered the castle, which had already been gifted, to Queen Mary of Romania. She had it restored with Romantic additions. It was used as a royal resort afterwards.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
Little more...
4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
Source: varak.hu , Wikipedia, studhist.blog.hu: Törcsvári várkastély , arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
Check out other castles in Transylvania as well!
© OpenStreetMap contributors
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There was probably some king of fortification here before as well, but it became insufficient with the consolidation of the Voivodeship of Wallachia. The castle was built by the people of Brass\u00f3, but the king retained the right to assign the castellans of T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r, and continued to own certain properties within the castle and in the villages that belonged to it in the future as well. King Louis I granted further privileges to the people of Brass\u00f3 and attached 12 Saxon villages to the town in compensation for their work.@1448|T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r Castle appeared in a letter issued by Governor Hunyadi J\u00e1nos of Hungary, in which he gave orders to its castellans.@#7|@1462|The ruthless Voivode Vlad Daculea III of Wallachia aka Vlad Tepes was dethroned and driven away by his brother Radu III with Turkish help. The bloody-handed voivode fled to Hungary through the T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r Pass and took a few days rest in T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r Castle during his flight. He had nothing to do with the Hungarian castle except for this insignificant episode. After that Vlad Tepes was imprisoned by King Matthias of Hungary and he was released from custody only after 12 years. He was reinstalled to the throne of Wallachia by the Hungarian army in 1476, but as he couldn\u2019t gain support in his homeland, he was murdered as soon as the Hungarians left. Draculea means the son of Dracul. His father got the name Dracul (dragon in Romanian) after King Sigismund of Hungary admitted him to the Order of the Dragon in N\u00fcrnberg. The chivalric order was established by King Sigismund.@1498|King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II of Hungary pawned T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r Castle to the town of Brass\u00f3 on the condition that its castellan had to be Hungarian at all times.@January 25, 1508|King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II cancelled the authority of the vajda of Transylvania over the castle and extended the pawn for 25 years. Brass\u00f3 did not take care of the reinforcement of the castle but they paid 100 forints to master builder Zeller M\u00e1ty\u00e1s for the reparations in 1512. The significance of the castle increased at that time, because Turkish, Tatar and Wallachian raiders broke into Hungary through the T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r Pass frequently.@#8|@1530|Voivode Moise of Wallachia (1529-1530) sent an army to capture the castle, but the Sz\u00e9kelys under the command of Castellan D\u00e9nes defended it at great cost. The burghers of Brass\u00f3 immediately set out to repair the damaged walls after the siege, and the works lasted until 1535.@#9|@1568|T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r was granted to the people of Brass\u00f3 permanently, and King John II levied an annual tax of 200 forints on them in exchange. A larger lower castle was built in the valley, where the traders cleared customs as well. After the castle was acquired by the town of Brass\u00f3, its border protection role decreased, what\u2019s more the traitorous Saxons negotiated with the voivodes of Wallachia and Moldova about making alliance with the Habsburgs against the Principality of Transylvania in the castle several times.@#10|@#13|@#14|@April 5, 1612|Prince B\u00e1thori G\u00e1bor of Transylvania, after having captured Rozsny\u00f3 Castle from the people of Brass\u00f3 hostile to him, marched to T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r Castle. Its Saxon castellan Henklischer J\u00e1nos immediately handed over the keys of the castle to the Prince, for which that the judge of Brass\u00f3 Weiss Mih\u00e1ly had the castellan hanged afterwards.@1612|Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor tried to convince the Estates of Transylvania to join the Habsburgs, but they wouldn\u2019t agree. Gh\u00e9czy Andr\u00e1s gained the support of the Turks against B\u00e1thory, but B\u00e1thory defeated him on 15 October in the battle of Barcaf\u00f6ldv\u00e1r. The burghers of Brass\u00f3 supported Gh\u00e9czy, and Judge Weiss Mih\u00e1ly of Brass\u00f3 was also killed in the battle. Brass\u00f3 swore loyalty to the Prince the same year and was given back T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r in 1613.@1615|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania wanted to take control of T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r, therefore the country assembly of Transylvania decided that Brass\u00f3 had to prove the rightfulness of its ownership. The Prince was not satisfied with the presented documents.@#15|@#16|@#17|@#18|@1651|To resolve the dispute, the country assembly of Transylvania handed T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1r over to Brass\u00f3 in exchange for 11,000 forints. They also declared that Brass\u00f3 was obliged to defend the castle, and it had to have a Hungarian commander at all times.@1660|R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, after he became Prince of Transylvania for the third time, appeared unexpectedly at the castle with the army of his general Mikes Mih\u00e1ly under cover of night, his Sz\u00e9kely soldiers climbed the walls on ladders and captured the castle.@#19|@#20|@#21|@#22|@#23|@#24|@#25|@August 21, 1690|Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre, the former leader of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian kuruc uprising, crossed the mountains with Turkish and Wallachian auxiliaries, attacked the imperial army of General Heisler from behind and defeated him.@September 21, 1690|The nobility of Transylvania joined Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre and he was elected Prince of Transylvania in Szeben. Soon the combined armies of Castelli and Heisler pushed him out of Transylvania.@1690|Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre tried to capture the castle, but the imperials defended it with the help of the people of Brass\u00f3.@#26|@#27|@late 18th century|Only a jailor and 12 armed guards of the town stationed in the castle@#28|@#30|@#31|@1916|The council of Brass\u00f3 gifted the castle to King Charles IV of Hungary and his wife, Queen Zita, on the occasion of his coronation.@#32|@1918|After the Romanian occupation of Transylvania, the Saxons offered the castle, which had already been gifted, to Queen Mary of Romania. She had it restored with Romantic additions. It was used as a royal resort afterwards.@#36|&studhist.blog.hu: T\u00f6rcsv\u00e1ri v\u00e1rkast\u00e9ly|https:\/\/studhist.blog.hu\/2019\/07\/09\/torcsvari_varkastely"},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"112","settlement_HU":"Szal\u00e1rd","settlement_LO":"S\u0103lard","gps_lat":"47.2378340000","gps_long":"22.0440240000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Utilizator:Grossecali at ro.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetatea Adorjan Salard\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003EUtilizator:Grossecali at ro.wikipedia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca 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author provided. Petitpeton assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022B\u00e9lavar caslte 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fe\/B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003ENo machine-readable author provided. Petitpeton assumed (based on copyright claims).\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Fenes Castle; B\u00e9lav\u00e1r","seolink":"fenes-castle-cetatea-finis"},{"id":"127","settlement_HU":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9nyszentimre","settlement_LO":"Gurghiu","gps_lat":"46.7744120000","gps_long":"24.8653210000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022SahkuRO, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Gurghiu panoramic\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7e\/Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003ESahkuRO\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny Castle","seolink":"gorgeny-castle"},{"id":"128","settlement_HU":"Szinice","settlement_LO":"Svini\u0163a","gps_lat":"44.4798350000","gps_long":"22.1426560000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Trikule Svini\u021ba 01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\/512px-Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003ENenea hartia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Three Towers","seolink":"three-towers-tricule"},{"id":"129","settlement_HU":"Branyicska","settlement_LO":"Br\u0103ni\u0219ca","gps_lat":"45.9149490000","gps_long":"22.7714530000","cond":"2","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Oguszt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Branyicska_kastely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Branyicska kastely\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/33\/Branyicska_kastely.jpg\/512px-Branyicska_kastely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Branyicska_kastely.jpg\u0022\u003EOguszt\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"J\u00f3sika 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href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Suseni_Cetatea_Colt_(3).jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Kolc Castle","seolink":"kolc-castle-cetatea-colt"},{"id":"132","settlement_HU":"Berkeszpataka","settlement_LO":"Berchezoaia","gps_lat":"47.4759140000","gps_long":"23.5786440000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022George basesteanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Cetatea Chioarului\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b6\/Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\/512px-Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\u0022\u003EGeorge basesteanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"K\u0151v\u00e1r Castle","seolink":"kovar-castle-cetatea-chioarului"},{"id":"133","settlement_HU":"Boks\u00e1nb\u00e1nya","settlement_LO":"Boc\u0219a","gps_lat":"45.3859540000","gps_long":"21.7490740000","cond":"6","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"K\u00f6vesd Castle","seolink":"kovesd-castle-cetatea-cuiesti"},{"id":"134","settlement_HU":"Krass\u00f3v\u00e1r","settlement_LO":"Cara\u0219ova","gps_lat":"45.2099110000","gps_long":"21.8924550000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IonutBizau, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cara%C8%99ova_Fortress.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cara\u0219ova Fortress\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Cara%C8%99ova_Fortress.JPG\/512px-Cara%C8%99ova_Fortress.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cara%C8%99ova_Fortress.JPG\u0022\u003EIonutBizau\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Krass\u00f3f\u0151 Castle","seolink":"krassofo-castle-cetatea-turcului"},{"id":"135","settlement_HU":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3v\u00e1ra","settlement_LO":"Coronini","gps_lat":"44.6731630000","gps_long":"21.6807740000","cond":"6","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"L\u00e1sz\u00f3 Castle","seolink":"laszo-castle-cetatea-ladislau"},{"id":"136","settlement_HU":"Magyarl\u00e9ta","settlement_LO":"Liteni","gps_lat":"46.6086100000","gps_long":"23.4270270000","cond":"5","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022NGC 54, CC BY-SA 4.0 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title=\u0022VTV\u00e1rkonyi Tibor, CC BY-SA 2.5 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 nyereg\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\/512px-Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\u0022\u003EVTV\u00e1rkonyi Tibor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 2.5\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"S\u00f3v\u00e1r 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