Calvinist Chains Church
Biserica reformată cu lanțuri
Calvinist Chains Church
Biserica reformată cu lanțuri
Address:
Piața Jean Calvin 8
Historical Hungarian county:
Szatmár
GPS coordinates:
47.795353, 22.875073
History
The Calvinist church was built between 1788 and 1807 in the late Baroque and early Classicist style of the Low Countries after Emperor Joseph II issued the Patent of Toleration (1781) allowing Protestants to build stone churches. The bell cast by Georg Wierd in Eperjes in 1633, is now on display next to the pulpit. The church is surrounded by the former "Reformed centre" of the town: the Szatmárnémeti Reformed Grammar School, the dean's office (the Calvineum is also located here), three other Reformed school buildings (the girls' grammar schools and the "Red Brick" school) and the parish.
The Hungarian term for Calvinist is "református". The town of Szatmárnémeti joined the Reformation fairly early (between 1527 and 1535). The former Catholic church, the parish church of the town, was their place of worship for more than a century. The church was officially given to the Reformed congregation by Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in 1622. In 1662, Imperial General Cobb recaptured the building for the Catholics. The Calvinists then started building a new church in the square in front of the present church. In 1703 the anti-Habsburg kuruc insurgents of Rákóczi Ferenc II set Szatmár on fire. The church, together with the adjacent Reformed grammar school, was destroyed in the flames. The population that had fled only returned to the town in 1705. From 1707 onwards, with the permission of Rákóczi Ferenc II, the Calvinists held their services in the castle's food warehouse. In 1725, a new wooden Reformed church was built in the town. The present church was built behind the building destroyed in 1703, in the old cemetery. The plans were drawn by Preinlich Zsigmond, master mason.
On 16 September 1944, the church was hit by a heavy bombing raid, which collapsed the ceiling and destroyed a large part of the furnishings. In fact, only the side walls and the tower remained intact. The most basic works were completed by 1947, and the congregation was able to use the church again in November, but the minor works were delayed until 1957. To commemorate the tragic bombing and the rebuilding of the church, the presbytery had a marble plaque erected, which also preserves one of the bomb shards drilled into the wall. The church takes its name from the low chain fence that surrounds it.
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