Szászhermány Fortified Church
Szászhermány Fortified Church
Hungarian:
Szászhermány
German:
Honigberg, Huntschprich
Romanian:
Hărman
Neighbor's goat, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Entrance:
Entrance fee
Nationality:
Saxon
Denomination:
Lutheran
Settlement:
Szászhermány, Honigberg, Huntschprich, Hărman
Majority:
Romanian
Hungarians:
0%
Historical Hungarian county:
Brassó
Country:
Romania
County:
Brașov
GPS coordinates:
45.715420417, 25.6851202162
Google map:
History
Around 1213
The village was founded by German and Walloon settlers who arrived with the Teutonic Knights at the call of King Andrew II of Hungary. In documents it was called Mons-melis (Mount Honey) and is considered the first Saxon village in Barcaság.
13th century
The church dedicated to St Nicholas was probably built during the period of the Teutonic Order, and is mentioned in a document from 1240. It was a Romanesque church with one nave and two aisles.
1240
The settlement was first mentioned. King Béla IV of Hungary made the villages mentioned, including Hermány, independent of the jurisdiction of the bishop of Transylvania, and donated them to the Cistercian Abbey of Kerc. The Cistercians probably continued building, as the church reflects the influence of the Kerc Abbey.
End of the 13th century
The Romanesque church was surrounded by a defensive wall, which included a chapel built earlier during the century.
In 1377
King Louis I of Hungary placed the village under the jurisdiction of the town of Brassó, which was renewed by King Sigismund in 1433 during his stay in Hermány. Its inhabitants were obliged to work for the town for two weeks a year and were obliged to take part in its defence.
From 1421
The church was rebuilt in Gothic style. A sacristy was added to the north wall of the sanctuary, and the tower rising in front of the west entrance was made into a defensive tower and raised to four storeys.
Late 15th century
The construction of its defences began, but work continued into the 16th century. The church was surrounded by a circular double wall with seven square towers and a hexagonal tower. The outer wall is now completely gone. The former chapel, which was integrated into the defensive wall, was also extended into a tower, but its walls are still decorated with magnificent frescoes. The 12 m high walls are provided with loopholes. It is surrounded by a deep and wide moat. A wooden pile bridge crossed the moat leading to the gate on the south side, with a drawbridge at the end. A covered passageway with a row of columns can be seen where the bridge used to be. The western gate tower was only completed in the 18th century. 200 small chambers were built in two rows to the defensive wall of the inner courtyard, with wooden open corridors and stairs. Part of the northern row of chambers has been destroyed, and only 4 chambers are visible on this side. A wall-walk run along wall on the top floor.
1552
At the same time as the Turkish invasion of Hungary led by Pasha Kara Ahmed and Pasha Ali of Buda, the Moldavian prince Elias II broke into Transylvania and set fire to Prázsmár and Hermány. The imperial garrison of Prázsmár marched to Brassó. The locals defended the fortified church successfully against the Vlachs, who neither could take the fortified church of Hermány.
17 October 1599
Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai of Wallachia invaded Transylvania. The pro-Hapsburg Saxons had surrendered to him, but the Vlach burned and plundered the settlement of Hermányt.
1602
Hermány was ravaged by the imperial troops of General Basta.
Copy 1610
Báthory Gábor, prince of Transylvania, launched a campaign against Radu IX Serban, prince of Transylvania, who was in Habsburg mercenary service. However, Michael Weiss, a councillor in Brasov, warned the Oláh of the attack, and he was able to escape. After the capture of Havasalföld, Báthory told the Turks that his ultimate goal was to seize the Polish throne, but they did not support it, instead they made Radu Mihnea prince of Havasalföld, and Báthory had to retreat home.
1611
Radu Serban IX reclaimed the throne of Wallachia with Moldavian and Polish troops and prepared to attack Transylvania. He made an alliance with Judge Michael Weiss of Brassó. His army was reinforced by Cossack and Polish mercenaries. In June they defeated Prince Báthory's army near Brassó, who retreated to Szeben. However, when Turkish help arrived, Radu Serban was forced to flee Transylvania and was soon dethroned in Wallachia as well.
27 January 1612
Brassó and the Saxons of Barcaság renounced their allegiance to Prince Báthory Gábor of Transylvania.
March 1612
Prince Báthory Gábor launched a war and conquered the Saxon strongholds around Brassó. However, after two weeks, he gave up the siege of the fortified church of Hermány, defended by Böhmen János, on 20 April, but he burnt the village in revenge.
October 14, 1612
Prince Báthory Gábor, with his army of hajdú and Székely warriors, defeated the combined army of the Saxons led by Michael Weiss and the pretender to the throne, Ghiczy András, at Födvár near Brassó. The traitor Michael Weiss was cut down by a hajdú while fleeing. Brassó swore allegiance to the Prince on 3 June 1613.
1658
The fortified church held out for a week against the Moldavian voivode, who had been sent by the Turks to Transylvania in revenge, before he set fire to the village in retaliation.
1703-1711
During the Hungarian War of Independence, the kuruc insurgents besieged it, but could not capture it. The Transylvanian Saxons supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian War of Independence.
December 1848
During the Hungarian War of Independence, the Székelys occupied the village and the fortified church from the Austrian army. Some of the defenders were killed, the others were taken prisoner. After that the fortification ceased to be of military importance. The Transylvanian Saxons supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian War of Independence.
19th century
The former bridge of the moat was replaced by a covered passageway with a row of columns.
Check out other fortified churches in Transylvania as well!
Show on Google map
© OpenStreetMap contributors
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In documents it was called Mons-melis (Mount Honey) and is considered the first Saxon village in Barcas\u00e1g.@13th century|The church dedicated to St Nicholas was probably built during the period of the Teutonic Order, and is mentioned in a document from 1240. It was a Romanesque church with one nave and two aisles.@1240|The settlement was first mentioned. King B\u00e9la IV of Hungary made the villages mentioned, including Herm\u00e1ny, independent of the jurisdiction of the bishop of Transylvania, and donated them to the Cistercian Abbey of Kerc. The Cistercians probably continued building, as the church reflects the influence of the Kerc Abbey.@End of the 13th century|The Romanesque church was surrounded by a defensive wall, which included a chapel built earlier during the century.@In 1377|King Louis I of Hungary placed the village under the jurisdiction of the town of Brass\u00f3, which was renewed by King Sigismund in 1433 during his stay in Herm\u00e1ny. Its inhabitants were obliged to work for the town for two weeks a year and were obliged to take part in its defence.@From 1421|The church was rebuilt in Gothic style. A sacristy was added to the north wall of the sanctuary, and the tower rising in front of the west entrance was made into a defensive tower and raised to four storeys.@Late 15th century|The construction of its defences began, but work continued into the 16th century. The church was surrounded by a circular double wall with seven square towers and a hexagonal tower. The outer wall is now completely gone. The former chapel, which was integrated into the defensive wall, was also extended into a tower, but its walls are still decorated with magnificent frescoes. The 12 m high walls are provided with loopholes. It is surrounded by a deep and wide moat. A wooden pile bridge crossed the moat leading to the gate on the south side, with a drawbridge at the end. A covered passageway with a row of columns can be seen where the bridge used to be. The western gate tower was only completed in the 18th century. 200 small chambers were built in two rows to the defensive wall of the inner courtyard, with wooden open corridors and stairs. Part of the northern row of chambers has been destroyed, and only 4 chambers are visible on this side. A wall-walk run along wall on the top floor.@1552|At the same time as the Turkish invasion of Hungary led by Pasha Kara Ahmed and Pasha Ali of Buda, the Moldavian prince Elias II broke into Transylvania and set fire to Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r and Herm\u00e1ny. The imperial garrison of Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r marched to Brass\u00f3. The locals defended the fortified church successfully against the Vlachs, who neither could take the fortified church of Herm\u00e1ny.@17 October 1599|Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai of Wallachia invaded Transylvania. The pro-Hapsburg Saxons had surrendered to him, but the Vlach burned and plundered the settlement of Herm\u00e1nyt.@1602|Herm\u00e1ny was ravaged by the imperial troops of General Basta.@Copy 1610|B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor, prince of Transylvania, launched a campaign against Radu IX Serban, prince of Transylvania, who was in Habsburg mercenary service. However, Michael Weiss, a councillor in Brasov, warned the Ol\u00e1h of the attack, and he was able to escape. After the capture of Havasalf\u00f6ld, B\u00e1thory told the Turks that his ultimate goal was to seize the Polish throne, but they did not support it, instead they made Radu Mihnea prince of Havasalf\u00f6ld, and B\u00e1thory had to retreat home.@1611|Radu Serban IX reclaimed the throne of Wallachia with Moldavian and Polish troops and prepared to attack Transylvania. He made an alliance with Judge Michael Weiss of Brass\u00f3. His army was reinforced by Cossack and Polish mercenaries. In June they defeated Prince B\u00e1thory's army near Brass\u00f3, who retreated to Szeben. However, when Turkish help arrived, Radu Serban was forced to flee Transylvania and was soon dethroned in Wallachia as well.@27 January 1612|Brass\u00f3 and the Saxons of Barcas\u00e1g renounced their allegiance to Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor of Transylvania.@March 1612|Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor launched a war and conquered the Saxon strongholds around Brass\u00f3. However, after two weeks, he gave up the siege of the fortified church of Herm\u00e1ny, defended by B\u00f6hmen J\u00e1nos, on 20 April, but he burnt the village in revenge.@October 14, 1612|Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor, with his army of hajd\u00fa and Sz\u00e9kely warriors, defeated the combined army of the Saxons led by Michael Weiss and the pretender to the throne, Ghiczy Andr\u00e1s, at F\u00f6dv\u00e1r near Brass\u00f3. The traitor Michael Weiss was cut down by a hajd\u00fa while fleeing. Brass\u00f3 swore allegiance to the Prince on 3 June 1613.@1658|The fortified church held out for a week against the Moldavian voivode, who had been sent by the Turks to Transylvania in revenge, before he set fire to the village in retaliation.@1703-1711|During the Hungarian War of Independence, the kuruc insurgents besieged it, but could not capture it. The Transylvanian Saxons supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian War of Independence.@December 1848|During the Hungarian War of Independence, the Sz\u00e9kelys occupied the village and the fortified church from the Austrian army. Some of the defenders were killed, the others were taken prisoner. After that the fortification ceased to be of military importance. The Transylvanian Saxons supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian War of Independence.@19th century|The former bridge of the moat was replaced by a covered passageway with a row of columns.&studhist.blog.hu: Sz\u00e1szherm\u00e1ny er\u0151dtemploma|https:\/\/studhist.blog.hu\/2019\/03\/11\/szaszhermany_erodtemploma"},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"1","settlement_HU":"Berethalom","settlement_LO":"Biertan","gps_lat":"46.1351846214","gps_long":"24.5213195405","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biertan_Biserica_fortificata.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biertan Biserica fortificata\u0022 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Church","seolink":"szaszfeheregyhaza-viscri-fortified-church"},{"id":"7","settlement_HU":"Homor\u00f3d","settlement_LO":"Homorod","gps_lat":"46.0409243888","gps_long":"25.2785606170","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Neighbor's goat, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Homorod - biserica evanghelic\u0103 fortificat\u0103.\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\/512px-Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\u0022\u003ENeighbor's goat\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca 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