Prázsmár Fortified Church
Prázsmár Fortified Church
Hungarian:
Prázsmár
German:
Tartlau, Tuartlen
Romanian:
Prejmer
Neighbor's goat, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Entrance:
Entrance fee
Nationality:
Saxon
Denomination:
Lutheran
Settlement:
Prázsmár, Tartlau, Tuartlen, Prejmer
Majority:
Romanian
Hungarians:
2.1%
Historical Hungarian county:
Brassó
Country:
Romania
County:
Brașov
GPS coordinates:
45.7219870141, 25.7737164389
Google map:
History
Around 1213
The village was founded by German and Walloon settlers who arrived with the Teutonic Knights at the call of King Andrew II of Hungary. Its church was founded at this time, as evidenced by the shape of its isosceles cross. Being close to the border of Transylvania, they were always encountered by enemies invading through the Ósánc Pass and the Bodza Pass.
1235
The first known owner of Prázsmár was Ditricus, son of Theel of Prázsmár, to whom King Béla IV of Hungary donated the settlement and the neighbouring villages.
1240
The church dedicated to the Holy Cross is mentioned in a charter, when it came under the jurisdiction of the Cistercian Abbey of Kerc. They continued the construction of the church.
1241-42
During the Mongol invasion the settlement was depopulated, then repopulated.
1377
The village appears in a letter of donation of King Louis (the Great) of Hungary as Tortaleu.
In 1395
In the letter of donation issued by King Sigismund the villages was already called Prázsmár.
1454
Prázsmár became an oppidum (a serf town) and was granted the right to hold fairs. It is also mentioned in the letter of donation issued by King Matthias of Hungary on 10 March 1471.
15th century
The church was rebuilt. The walls of the Cistercian-style building were hardly altered: only an octagonal tower with a pyramidal spire was added above the crossing, and chapels with groin vault were added to the north and south walls of the sanctuary.
15th century
The church of the village was surrounded by walls and fortified with bastions as a result of the expansion of the Turks. It was surrounded by an approximately circular double wall and fortified by four semicircular towers. It was surrounded by a moat with a pile bridge in front of the south gate defended by a polygonal barbican with a large gate tower with a drawbridge. In the inner courtyard and in the courtyard of the barbican, 275 chambers were constructed over a height of two to three storeys, with wooden open corridors running in front of them, with staircases leading up to them. In these chambers, not only did their owners find shelter, but they also stored their valuables and foodstuffs. The chambers are still intact today. On the top floor there was a murder corridor running around. Its outer walls were largely destroyed and only part of its foundations remain. The settlement itself was once also surrounded by a wall with five gates.
1515
Szapolyai János, vajda of Transylvania, had its walls reinforced, which had been damaged during earlier Turkish raids.
1529
On the orders of Suleiman I, the army of the Moldavian voivode Petru Rareş broke into Transylvania, occupied by the imperials, to help King John I of Hungary (Szapolyai János). King Ferdinand's imperial troops were led by Török Bálint and Majláth István. At the battle of Földvár on 22 June, the Moldavian army defeated the imperial army after the Székely army had defected to them. They then burned the land of the Saxons who supported King Ferdinand. They burned Prázsmár, but they could not capture the fortress.
1552
At the same time as the Turkish invasion of Hungary led by Pasha Kara Ahmed and Pasha Ali of Buda, the Moldavian prince Elias II broke into Transylvania and set fire to Prázsmár and Hermány. The imperial garrison of Prázsmár marched to Brassó. The locals defended the fortified church successfully against the Vlachs, who neither could take the fortified church of Hermány.
October 17, 1599
Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai of Wallachia invaded Transylvania, and his second camp was at Prázsmar on the 20th. The pro-Habsburg Saxons had surrendered to him and supplied the army with food, but the Vlachs burned and completely sacked the settlement.
1602
After the defeat of Voivode Mihai, the settlement was overrun by the imperial forces of General Basta.
End of March 1612
Prince Báthory Gábor of Transylvania marched to the Barcaság to punish the city of Brassó and the surrounding Saxon population, and captured the Saxon strongholds around Brassó, including Prázsmar.
14 October 1612
Battle of Földvár.
1661
Turkish and Tatar troops of Pasha Ali raided the area and enslaved 80 inhabitants of Prázsmár.
1690
Thököly Imre, supported by the Turks, invaded Transylvania with his kuruc army through the impassable mountains and defeated the imperial army near Zernyest on 21 August. Colonel Doria and General Heisler were taken prisoner, for whom he later ransomed his wife, Zrínyi Ilona. Thököly then stayed in Prázsmar on the 26th, and from here he issued a proclamation calling the Székelys to join. On 22 September, in the fortified church of Kereszténysziget, Thököly was elected Prince of Transylvania by the estates.
1704
The fortress was destroyed by the kuruc insurgents, who took 60 of its inhabitants captive. The Transylvanian Saxons supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian War of Independence.
1767
200 house burned down in a fire in the town.
5 Dec 1848
The Székelys of Háromszék occupied Prázsmar without a fight, because the Austrian, who held it under occupation, fled as they approached. The Transylvanian Saxons again supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian fight for freedom. The church fortress was restored in 1970.
1999
The fortified church was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Check out other fortified churches in Transylvania as well!
Show on Google map
© OpenStreetMap contributors
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Its church was founded at this time, as evidenced by the shape of its isosceles cross. Being close to the border of Transylvania, they were always encountered by enemies invading through the \u00d3s\u00e1nc Pass and the Bodza Pass.@1235|The first known owner of Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r was Ditricus, son of Theel of Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r, to whom King B\u00e9la IV of Hungary donated the settlement and the neighbouring villages.@1240|The church dedicated to the Holy Cross is mentioned in a charter, when it came under the jurisdiction of the Cistercian Abbey of Kerc. They continued the construction of the church.@1241-42|During the Mongol invasion the settlement was depopulated, then repopulated.@1377|The village appears in a letter of donation of King Louis (the Great) of Hungary as Tortaleu.@In 1395|In the letter of donation issued by King Sigismund the villages was already called Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r.@1454|Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r became an oppidum (a serf town) and was granted the right to hold fairs. It is also mentioned in the letter of donation issued by King Matthias of Hungary on 10 March 1471.@15th century|The church was rebuilt. The walls of the Cistercian-style building were hardly altered: only an octagonal tower with a pyramidal spire was added above the crossing, and chapels with groin vault were added to the north and south walls of the sanctuary.@15th century|The church of the village was surrounded by walls and fortified with bastions as a result of the expansion of the Turks. It was surrounded by an approximately circular double wall and fortified by four semicircular towers. It was surrounded by a moat with a pile bridge in front of the south gate defended by a polygonal barbican with a large gate tower with a drawbridge. In the inner courtyard and in the courtyard of the barbican, 275 chambers were constructed over a height of two to three storeys, with wooden open corridors running in front of them, with staircases leading up to them. In these chambers, not only did their owners find shelter, but they also stored their valuables and foodstuffs. The chambers are still intact today. On the top floor there was a murder corridor running around. Its outer walls were largely destroyed and only part of its foundations remain. The settlement itself was once also surrounded by a wall with five gates.@1515|Szapolyai J\u00e1nos, vajda of Transylvania, had its walls reinforced, which had been damaged during earlier Turkish raids.@1529|On the orders of Suleiman I, the army of the Moldavian voivode Petru Rare\u015f broke into Transylvania, occupied by the imperials, to help King John I of Hungary (Szapolyai J\u00e1nos). King Ferdinand's imperial troops were led by T\u00f6r\u00f6k B\u00e1lint and Majl\u00e1th Istv\u00e1n. At the battle of F\u00f6ldv\u00e1r on 22 June, the Moldavian army defeated the imperial army after the Sz\u00e9kely army had defected to them. They then burned the land of the Saxons who supported King Ferdinand. They burned Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r, but they could not capture the fortress.@1552|At the same time as the Turkish invasion of Hungary led by Pasha Kara Ahmed and Pasha Ali of Buda, the Moldavian prince Elias II broke into Transylvania and set fire to Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r and Herm\u00e1ny. The imperial garrison of Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r marched to Brass\u00f3. The locals defended the fortified church successfully against the Vlachs, who neither could take the fortified church of Herm\u00e1ny.@October 17, 1599|Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai of Wallachia invaded Transylvania, and his second camp was at Pr\u00e1zsmar on the 20th. The pro-Habsburg Saxons had surrendered to him and supplied the army with food, but the Vlachs burned and completely sacked the settlement.@1602|After the defeat of Voivode Mihai, the settlement was overrun by the imperial forces of General Basta.@End of March 1612|Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor of Transylvania marched to the Barcas\u00e1g to punish the city of Brass\u00f3 and the surrounding Saxon population, and captured the Saxon strongholds around Brass\u00f3, including Pr\u00e1zsmar.@14 October 1612|Battle of F\u00f6ldv\u00e1r.@1661|Turkish and Tatar troops of Pasha Ali raided the area and enslaved 80 inhabitants of Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1r.@1690|Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre, supported by the Turks, invaded Transylvania with his kuruc army through the impassable mountains and defeated the imperial army near Zernyest on 21 August. Colonel Doria and General Heisler were taken prisoner, for whom he later ransomed his wife, Zr\u00ednyi Ilona. Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly then stayed in Pr\u00e1zsmar on the 26th, and from here he issued a proclamation calling the Sz\u00e9kelys to join. On 22 September, in the fortified church of Kereszt\u00e9nysziget, Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly was elected Prince of Transylvania by the estates.@1704|The fortress was destroyed by the kuruc insurgents, who took 60 of its inhabitants captive. The Transylvanian Saxons supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian War of Independence.@1767|200 house burned down in a fire in the town.@5 Dec 1848|The Sz\u00e9kelys of H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k occupied Pr\u00e1zsmar without a fight, because the Austrian, who held it under occupation, fled as they approached. The Transylvanian Saxons again supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarian fight for freedom. The church fortress was restored in 1970.@1999|The fortified church was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.&studhist.blog.hu: Pr\u00e1zsm\u00e1ri er\u0151dtemplom|https:\/\/studhist.blog.hu\/2019\/03\/04\/prazsmari_erodtemplom"},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"1","settlement_HU":"Berethalom","settlement_LO":"Biertan","gps_lat":"46.1351846214","gps_long":"24.5213195405","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biertan_Biserica_fortificata.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biertan Biserica fortificata\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Biertan_Biserica_fortificata.JPG\/512px-Biertan_Biserica_fortificata.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca 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Church","seolink":"szaszfeheregyhaza-viscri-fortified-church"},{"id":"7","settlement_HU":"Homor\u00f3d","settlement_LO":"Homorod","gps_lat":"46.0409243888","gps_long":"25.2785606170","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Neighbor's goat, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Homorod - biserica evanghelic\u0103 fortificat\u0103.\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\/512px-Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Homorod_-_biserica_evanghelic%C4%83_fortificat%C4%83..jpg\u0022\u003ENeighbor's goat\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca 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