Old Orsova Castle
Old Orsova Castle
Hungarian:
Orsova
Romanian:
Orşova
Condition:
Completely destroyed
Entrance:
Free
Settlement:
Orsova, Orşova
Historical Hungarian county:
Krassó-Szörény
Country:
Romania
County:
Mehedinți
Geographic region:
Orsova Mountains
GPS coordinates:
44.719785, 22.493576
Google map:
History
around 102
The Roman legions of Emperor Trajan occupied the area that belonged to the Dacians by a bloody war. A fort was raised from stone by the river.
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
Little more...
895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
10th century
Hungarians settled in the neighbourhood, which is proven by archaeological finds. The early medieval settlement was situated southwest of the ruined Roman fort. The exact time of the construction of the medieval fort is unknown.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
Little more...
1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1091
King László I of Hungary defeated the Cuman raiders here.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
Little more...
1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
Little more...
1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1349
It was a royal castle.
1372
King Louis I of Hungary ordered the castle to be rebuilt, which means that it was constructed earlier. The royal border castle was generally managed by the bán of Szörény, and when that office was not filled temporarily, it belonged to the ispán of Temes County.
1396
King Sigismund of Hungary took the castle back with his European auxiliary troops; soon after the army of Sultan Bayezid I captured it.
1429-35
The castle was the property of the Teutonic Order. King Sigismund of Hungary invited the chivalric order to Hungary to protect the southern borders of the country against the Turks. In order to cover their expenses, the king provided them with significant incomes, which triggered the disapproval of the Hungarian nobility. These included, among others, the incomes of four southern salt chambers to the value of 100,000 forints a year, the incomes of the coin mints of Brassó and Nagyszeben, the Transylvanian ox and sheep taxes, the wine tithe of the Archdiocese of Kalocsa, revenues from fishing in the Danube, the right to transport and sell the grain produced in Szeged and Szolnok.
1431
King Sigismund of Hungary admitted Voivode Vlad II of Wallachia to the Order of the Dragon in Nürnberg, which he founded in 1408. This was how the voivode got the name Drakul (dragon in Romanian). His son was Vlad Dracula III, aka Vlad Tepes, who was the model for the character of Dracula.
1432
Voivode Vlad Dracul II of Walachia became a traitor and sided with the Turks. He destroyed the castles that were under construction in the Bánság of Szörény and occupied a significant part of the area. They also stormed the castle of Szörény and massacred the Christian knights. Nicolaus von Redewitz informed the Grandmaster of the Teutonic Order about the unsustainability of their situation on March 7. The Teutonic Order then renounced the defence of the Hungarian borders and recalled their members from the Bánság of Szörény. Nicolaus von Redewitz remained in the service of King Sigismund as the Bán of Szörény until 1435.
from 1439
The castle was controlled by the two Hunyadi brothers, who were appointed báns of Szörény after having excelled in the service of King Albert of Hungary.
1456
Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade)
Little more...
1456
The Turkish army of Sultan Mehmed II, the conqueror of Constantinople, besieged the castle of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade), which was the southern gateway to Hungary. But the Hungarian army, led by Hunyadi János, won a decisive victory over the twice to three times larger Turkish army. The Pope had earlier ordered that church bells should be rung every noon to pray for the victory of the defenders. Hunyadi János died of plague in the camp after the battle.
1458-1490
During the reign of King Matthias of Hungary, Orsova was a strong element of the southern defence system that protected Hungary against the Turkish invaders.
after 1490
During the reign of the Jagiellonian kings, the declining royal power could not provide the castle with the sufficient number of soldiers and arms.
early 16th century
Orsova was the seat of the Bánság of Szörény.
1522
Pasha Balibég of Belgrade captured the castle. During the following one and a half centuries of Turkish occupation, it functioned as a starting point for the Muslim raids against the Christian settlements.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
Little more...
1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
Little more...
1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
Little more...
1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1664
Victory over the Turks at Szentgotthárd and the shameful Peace of Vasvár
Little more...
1664
The imperial army achieved a significant victory over the Turks at the battle of Szentgotthárd. Despite this, Emperor Leopold I concluded a 20-year peace treaty with the Turks at Vasvár on terms that made it look as if the Turks had won. This caused a huge outcry in Europe and among the Hungarian nobility, who expected the country to be liberated after the victory. The formerly Habsburg-loyal Catholic Hungarian barons began to plot against the Emperor with the leadership of Wesselényi Ferenc. In 1668, at the end of the Franco-Spanish War, King Louis XIV of France withdrew his support for the conspiracy, and the support of the Turks was not obtained.
1671
Exposure of the Wesselényi conspiracy
Little more...
1671
After the exposure of the anti-Hapsburg Wesselényi conspiracy, the main organisers, Zrínyi Péter, Nádasdy Ferenc and Frangepán Ferenc were executed. Wesselényi Ferenc died in 1667. The Croatian uprising, which was part of the conspiracy, was crushed by the Habsburgs in 1670.
after 1671
Kuruc Movement
Little more...
after 1671
Many noble, burgher and preacher fled to the Principality of Transylvania and the territory under Turkish occupation from the reprisals after the exposure of the anti-Habsburg Wesselényi-conspiracy and from the violent Counter-Reformation. They were joined by dismissed Hungarian soldiers of the Turkish border forts, who were replaced by German mercenaries. They were called the fugitives (bujdosók). They started an armed movement against the Habsburg rule. Because of the Turkish ban, the Principality of Transylvania could not openly support them. From 1677, the French supported their cause with money and Polish mercenaries. They achieved their first serious success when they temporarily occupied the mining towns of northern Hungary (now central Slovakia) under the command of Thököly lmre. He then became the sole leader of the movement. In 1679, the French made peace with Emperor Leopold I and withdrew their support for the fugitives. Between 1678 and 1681 Thököly Imre led successful raids against the Habsburgs and their supporters in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. The insurgents were called kurucs.
1682
Thököly Imre, Prince of Upper Hungary
Little more...
1682
Thököly Imre, the leader of the kuruc insurgents, gained the support of the Turks. He launched a campaign against the Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary. With the support of the Turkish army, he occupied the town of Kassa and also the important stronghold of Fülek. He was then recognized by the Turks as King of Hungary, but he chose the title of Prince of Upper Hungary.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
Little more...
1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1685
The Turkish captivity of Thököly Imre and the fall of the kuruc movement
Little more...
1685
The Pasha of Várad captured Thököly Imre as he was asking for Turkish help and offered him to Emperor Leopold I for peace. But the Imperial emissaries laughed at his face, because, having the upper hand, they no longer cared for Thököly. On the news of his capture, the town of Kassa and the kuruc strongholds surrendered to the Emperor one after the other. The Turks, seeing their fatal mistake, released Thököly the following year and tried to restore his authority, but his power was broken forever and the Hungarian insurgents no longer trusted the Turks. Most of the insurgents joined the imperial army and helped to liberate the rest of Hungary from the Turks.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
Little more...
1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1688
The imperial army of General Veterani took Orsova back from the Turks. He built a new fort (Új-Orsova, New Orsova) on the nearby island on the Danube. By that time the medieval castle had already been abandoned and ramparts complying with the demands of modern warfare were used to defend the strategically important area. Several bloody battles were fought between the Habsburg and the Turkish forces over the fortress of Old Orsova, the island fortress of New Orsova and the defences built on the Serbian bank.
August 21, 1690
Thököly Imre, the former leader of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian kuruc uprising, crossed the mountains with Turkish and Wallachian auxiliaries, attacked the imperial army of General Heisler from behind and defeated him.
September 21, 1690
The nobility of Transylvania joined Thököly Imre and he was elected Prince of Transylvania in Szeben. Soon the combined armies of Castelli and Heisler pushed him out of Transylvania.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
Little more...
1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
Little more...
1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
July 1689
The ships of Thököly Imre besieged Orsova and captured it by 3 August. But General Veterani took it back soon afterwards.
November 1737
The Turks burned Orsova, but they could not capture the island.
1738
Grand vizier Mohamed successfully invaded the neighbourhood, which opened the way towards Belgrade. The Habsburgs resigned from New Orsova in the Treaty of Belgrade in 1739.
1788
The War Council of Vienna initiated a war. The imperials captured the ramparts of Old Orsova in February, but they were taken back by the Muslims in August. Although the Turks had to give up the island fortress on the Danube in 1790, the peace treaty gave it back to them. Only after the Turks were pushed back from the Balkans, could the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy take control of New Orsova. Orsova lost much of its military significance and gained relative importance as a border town towards Wallachia.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
Little more...
1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
May 16, 1849
The Hungarian army of General Bem József captured the town without a fight.
August 17, 1849
Kossuth Lajos and his companions left Hungary through Orsova. The former Prime Minister of Hungary Szemere Bertalan buried the Holy Crown of Hungary and the rest of the crown jewels at the foot of the Allion Hill next to the estuary of the Cserna River, in the no-man’s land between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. The crown jewels of Hungary were found in 1853, and Emperor Franz Joseph had a chapel built on the spot.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Little more...
1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1878
The island fortress of New Orsova (the Turks called it Ada-Kaleh) was taken over by the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
1910
Orsova was inhabited by mostly Germans and Hungarians.
1914-1918
World War I
Little more...
1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
September, 1916
The Romanian army invaded Orsova, but they were driven back after a few weeks.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
November, 1918
The Serbian army invaded Orsova.
February, 1919
The French army invaded Orsova.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
Little more...
4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
1970s
The castle of Orsova, the island fortress of New Orsova and the Roman fort were swallowed by the Danube, when the Iron Gate Hydroelectric Power Plant was built as the joint venture of Romania and Yugoslavia.
1966-1974
A new town was built to the north, where the population was moved from the old flooded town and from other villages.
Source: varak.hu , Wikipedia, wikipedia: Orsova , Pósán László: Zsigmond és a Német Lovagrend , arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
Check out other castles in Transylvania as well!
© OpenStreetMap contributors
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The exact time of the construction of the medieval fort is unknown.@#3|@1091|King L\u00e1szl\u00f3 I of Hungary defeated the Cuman raiders here.@#5|@#6|@1349|It was a royal castle.@1372|King Louis I of Hungary ordered the castle to be rebuilt, which means that it was constructed earlier. The royal border castle was generally managed by the b\u00e1n of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, and when that office was not filled temporarily, it belonged to the isp\u00e1n of Temes County.@1396|King Sigismund of Hungary took the castle back with his European auxiliary troops; soon after the army of Sultan Bayezid I captured it.@1429-35|The castle was the property of the Teutonic Order. King Sigismund of Hungary invited the chivalric order to Hungary to protect the southern borders of the country against the Turks. In order to cover their expenses, the king provided them with significant incomes, which triggered the disapproval of the Hungarian nobility. These included, among others, the incomes of four southern salt chambers to the value of 100,000 forints a year, the incomes of the coin mints of Brass\u00f3 and Nagyszeben, the Transylvanian ox and sheep taxes, the wine tithe of the Archdiocese of Kalocsa, revenues from fishing in the Danube, the right to transport and sell the grain produced in Szeged and Szolnok.@1431|King Sigismund of Hungary admitted Voivode Vlad II of Wallachia to the Order of the Dragon in N\u00fcrnberg, which he founded in 1408. This was how the voivode got the name Drakul (dragon in Romanian). His son was Vlad Dracula III, aka Vlad Tepes, who was the model for the character of Dracula.@1432|Voivode Vlad Dracul II of Walachia became a traitor and sided with the Turks. He destroyed the castles that were under construction in the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny and occupied a significant part of the area. They also stormed the castle of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny and massacred the Christian knights. Nicolaus von Redewitz informed the Grandmaster of the Teutonic Order about the unsustainability of their situation on March 7. The Teutonic Order then renounced the defence of the Hungarian borders and recalled their members from the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny. Nicolaus von Redewitz remained in the service of King Sigismund as the B\u00e1n of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny until 1435.@from 1439|The castle was controlled by the two Hunyadi brothers, who were appointed b\u00e1ns of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny after having excelled in the service of King Albert of Hungary.@#7|@1458-1490|During the reign of King Matthias of Hungary, Orsova was a strong element of the southern defence system that protected Hungary against the Turkish invaders.@after 1490|During the reign of the Jagiellonian kings, the declining royal power could not provide the castle with the sufficient number of soldiers and arms.@early 16th century|Orsova was the seat of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny.@1522|Pasha Balib\u00e9g of Belgrade captured the castle. During the following one and a half centuries of Turkish occupation, it functioned as a starting point for the Muslim raids against the Christian settlements.@#8|@#9|@#10|@#19|@#20|@#21|@#22|@#23|@#24|@#25|@1688|The imperial army of General Veterani took Orsova back from the Turks. He built a new fort (\u00daj-Orsova, New Orsova) on the nearby island on the Danube. By that time the medieval castle had already been abandoned and ramparts complying with the demands of modern warfare were used to defend the strategically important area. Several bloody battles were fought between the Habsburg and the Turkish forces over the fortress of Old Orsova, the island fortress of New Orsova and the defences built on the Serbian bank.@August 21, 1690|Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre, the former leader of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian kuruc uprising, crossed the mountains with Turkish and Wallachian auxiliaries, attacked the imperial army of General Heisler from behind and defeated him.@September 21, 1690|The nobility of Transylvania joined Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre and he was elected Prince of Transylvania in Szeben. Soon the combined armies of Castelli and Heisler pushed him out of Transylvania.@#26|@#27|@July 1689|The ships of Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre besieged Orsova and captured it by 3 August. But General Veterani took it back soon afterwards.@November 1737|The Turks burned Orsova, but they could not capture the island.@1738|Grand vizier Mohamed successfully invaded the neighbourhood, which opened the way towards Belgrade. The Habsburgs resigned from New Orsova in the Treaty of Belgrade in 1739.@1788|The War Council of Vienna initiated a war. The imperials captured the ramparts of Old Orsova in February, but they were taken back by the Muslims in August. Although the Turks had to give up the island fortress on the Danube in 1790, the peace treaty gave it back to them. Only after the Turks were pushed back from the Balkans, could the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy take control of New Orsova. Orsova lost much of its military significance and gained relative importance as a border town towards Wallachia.@#28|@May 16, 1849|The Hungarian army of General Bem J\u00f3zsef captured the town without a fight.@August 17, 1849|Kossuth Lajos and his companions left Hungary through Orsova. The former Prime Minister of Hungary Szemere Bertalan buried the Holy Crown of Hungary and the rest of the crown jewels at the foot of the Allion Hill next to the estuary of the Cserna River, in the no-man\u2019s land between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. The crown jewels of Hungary were found in 1853, and Emperor Franz Joseph had a chapel built on the spot.@#30|@1878|The island fortress of New Orsova (the Turks called it Ada-Kaleh) was taken over by the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.@1910|Orsova was inhabited by mostly Germans and Hungarians.@#31|@September, 1916|The Romanian army invaded Orsova, but they were driven back after a few weeks.@#32|@November, 1918|The Serbian army invaded Orsova.@February, 1919|The French army invaded Orsova.@#36|@1970s|The castle of Orsova, the island fortress of New Orsova and the Roman fort were swallowed by the Danube, when the Iron Gate Hydroelectric Power Plant was built as the joint venture of Romania and Yugoslavia.@1966-1974|A new town was built to the north, where the population was moved from the old flooded town and from other villages.&wikipedia: Orsova|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orsova\nP\u00f3s\u00e1n L\u00e1szl\u00f3: Zsigmond \u00e9s a N\u00e9met Lovagrend|http:\/\/www.staff.u-szeged.hu\/~capitul\/oktatas\/posan_zs_NL.pdf"},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"112","settlement_HU":"Szal\u00e1rd","settlement_LO":"S\u0103lard","gps_lat":"47.2378340000","gps_long":"22.0440240000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Utilizator:Grossecali at ro.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetatea Adorjan Salard\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003EUtilizator:Grossecali at ro.wikipedia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 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src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Ruinele_Cetatii_B%C3%A1thory4.jpg\/512px-Ruinele_Cetatii_B%C3%A1thory4.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ruinele_Cetatii_B%C3%A1thory4.jpg\u0022\u003EAdy Negrean\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Szil\u00e1gysomly\u00f3, B\u00e1thory Castle","seolink":"szilagysomlyo-bathory-castle-castelul-simleu-silvaniei"},{"id":"116","settlement_HU":"Bork\u00fati v\u00f6lgy, Nagyb\u00e1nya","settlement_LO":"Valea Borcutului, Baia Mare","gps_lat":"47.6915750000","gps_long":"23.5204630000","cond":"7","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022VRicardo95, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 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Brass\u00f3","settlement_LO":"T\u00e2mpa, Bra\u0219ov","gps_lat":"45.6334490000","gps_long":"25.5921770000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Ecologicmarket, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tampa Natural Reservation from Brasov Romania\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/82\/Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\/512px-Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003EEcologicmarket\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Castle on Cenk Hill;Brassovia Castle","seolink":"brasso-castle-on-cenk-hill-tampa-brasov"},{"id":"119","settlement_HU":"Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely","settlement_LO":"Odorheiu Secuiesc","gps_lat":"46.2948450000","gps_long":"25.2728550000","cond":"7","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Budv\u00e1r","seolink":"szekelyudvarhely-budvar-castle-odorheiu-secuiesc"},{"id":"120","settlement_HU":"Beszterce","settlement_LO":"Bistri\u021ba","gps_lat":"47.1693380000","gps_long":"24.4814300000","cond":"7","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Beszterce Castle","seolink":"beszterce-castle-bistrita"},{"id":"121","settlement_HU":"Csics\u00f3\u00fajfalu","settlement_LO":"Ciceu-Corabia","gps_lat":"47.2510600000","gps_long":"23.9672930000","cond":"5","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Unknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csics%C3%B3v%C3%A1r_(Vas%C3%A1rnapi_%C3%BAjs%C3%A1g_1866._35._sz%C3%A1m).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg 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href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Odorheiu Secuiesc Cetatea\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\/512px-Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Sz\u00e9kely T\u00e1madt Castle; Csonkav\u00e1r","seolink":"szekely-tamadt-castle"},{"id":"123","settlement_HU":"Drenkova","settlement_LO":"Drencova","gps_lat":"44.6357930000","gps_long":"21.9752810000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia 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author provided. 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Petitpeton assumed (based on copyright claims).\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Fenes Castle; B\u00e9lav\u00e1r","seolink":"fenes-castle-cetatea-finis"},{"id":"127","settlement_HU":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9nyszentimre","settlement_LO":"Gurghiu","gps_lat":"46.7744120000","gps_long":"24.8653210000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022SahkuRO, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Gurghiu panoramic\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7e\/Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003ESahkuRO\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny Castle","seolink":"gorgeny-castle"},{"id":"128","settlement_HU":"Szinice","settlement_LO":"Svini\u0163a","gps_lat":"44.4798350000","gps_long":"22.1426560000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Trikule Svini\u021ba 01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\/512px-Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003ENenea hartia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Three 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