Roman Catholic Episcopal Palace
Palatul Episcopiei Romano-Catolice
Roman Catholic Episcopal Palace
Palatul Episcopiei Romano-Catolice
Original function:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
Current function:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
Address:
Bulevardul Dacia 1-3.
Historical Hungarian county:
Bihar
GPS coordinates:
47.0680183626, 21.9315244874
History
It was founded in 1762 by Bishop Baron Patachich Ádám (1759-1776), as the centre of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Várad. It was completed in 1777. The palace and the entire Baroque quarter were designed by one of the most famous architects of 18th century Europe, Franz Anton Hillebrandt of Vienna, who was also the architect of many palaces in Austria and Hungary (Palace of Buda Castle, the rebuilding of Pozsony Castle). The engineer Johann Michael Neumann was in charge of the massive construction. The palace was built in the late Austrian Baroque style. It has 282 windows, 90 rooms on three floors and three banqueting halls. The building was intended to be a miniature copy of the famous Belvedere Palace in Vienna, partly because of this and partly because of other religious conflicts, the founder was condemned by Empress Maria Theresa. Patachich Ádám was Bishop of Nagyvárad from 1759 to 1776, before being appointed Archbishop of Kalocsa. The Baron was an educated humanist, a patron of the arts, who was best known for his excellent taste in music and his musicians: Michael Haydn, the brother of the famous composer Joseph Haydn, worked for him as conductor of the bishop's orchestra. The Bishop also employed a number of other famous European composers and violinists, such as Wenzel Pichl and Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, who worked as music directors in Nagyvárad between 1765 and 1769.
Finally, in 1771, Queen Maria Theresa of Hungary visited the site with her son Archduke Joseph, heir to the throne, to reconcile herself with the building she had not originally supported. In 1773, the palace burnt down in a mysterious fire, but the next bishop appointed had it restored immediately according to the original plans.
In 1855, a new wing and entrance were added with a grand double staircase.
After the nationalization, on 17 January 1971 the Bishop's Palace was opened as a county museum under the name of the Körösvidéki Museum. The museum has about 400 000 items, grouped in four main collections: history and archaeology, ethnography, natural history and fine arts. Famous for its world-class Neolithic and Bronze Age collections, the museum also boasts ancient Egyptian and Greek artefacts. The ethnographic section is perhaps the largest ethnographic exhibition in Western Transylvania, with a huge collection of folk costumes, farm implements, pots and painted Easter eggs.
In 2004, after 8 years of struggle, the Roman Catholic Church reclaimed the building. An agreement was reached to move the museum.
In 2017, the Hungarian government provided HUF 1.948 billion for the renovation of the building, which started in 2018. The building will continue to host exhibitions and the former seminary building will be renovated as a guest house.
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