Nagyszalonta
Salonta
Nagyszalonta
Hungarian:
Nagyszalonta
Romanian:
Salonta
German:
Großsalontha
Primsal, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Historical Hungarian county:
Bihar
Country:
Romania
County:
Bihor
River:
Köles Rill
Altitude:
90 m
GPS coordinates:
46.802351, 21.662462
Google map:
Population
Population:
17k
Hungarian:
55.64%
Population in 1910
| Total | 15943 |
|---|---|
| Hungarian | 95.38% |
| Vlach | 4.08% |
In the Middle Ages, Szalonta was an insignificant village, which for a long time was the property of the Toldi family. They built the first palisade against the Turks in the 16th century. In 1606, Bocskai István, Prince of Transylvania, settled 300 hajdú warriors here. The hajdús took over the defence of the fortification and soon afterwards they also bought the settlement from the Toldi family. They also built the castle, of which only the Csonka (Truncated) tower remains today. In 1658, however, it fell into Turkish hands, from which the invaders withdrew at the end of the century when Varad was liberated. The town's true fame, however, is due to the birth of Arany János, perhaps the greatest Hungarian poet of the 19th century. He wrote the narrative poem Toldi, whose protagonist is Toldi Miklós, a Hungarian nobleman, who is remembered as a legendary strong hero in Hungarian folklore. The memorial museum of the poet was opened in 1899 in the Csonka Tower and is still open to visitors today. The town still preserves its Hungarian majority.
Check out other towns in Transylvania as well!
History
Sights
© OpenStreetMap contributors
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1214
The settlement was mentioned for the first time as Zolonta.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1241
The Mongols destroyed the settlement, which was soon rebuilt.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1332
The papal tithe register mentioned the church of the settlement called Zalancha, Zalanta.
1398
The Toldy clan acquired the settlement by marriage. They soon expanded their estate with the neighbouring villages and with several settlements in Szilágy, Bihar and Zaránd counties.
1433
Beside the Toldy family, the Nadaby family also owned land here.
1474
Turkish plunderers breaking into Hungary devastated the area.
1514
The peasant army of Dózsa György gathered in the town of Kölesér, which was in half an hour walking distance to the west. Kölesér was situated on the main country road between Várad and Temesvár. The peasants attacked the Toldy estate in Szalonta first and caused great destruction. Szapolyai János, vajda of Transylvania, appointed Tomori Pál to quell the rebellion, and the Toldy family supported him.
until the 16th century
Szalonta was an insignificant village in the possession of the Toldy family.
1540-1556
The Toldy family constructed a square shaped palisade fort with a moat.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
Little more...
1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
from 1556
Szalonta belonged to the Hungarian kingdom of Queen Isabella and his son John II.
1560
The fortification of Szalonta was mentioned for the first time. The country assembly that took place in Enyed decided on its reinforcement against the Turks.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
1596
Palisades were built in Szalonta defended by Transylvanian hajdú soldiers.
1598
The Turkish army that besieged Nagyvárad unsuccessfully sacked and razed the neighbouring villages, including Szalonta. The settlement became uninhabited for nearly 8 years.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
March 16, 1606
Prince Bocskai István of Transylvania gave the ruined town of Kölesér to the 300 hajdú warriors under the command of Captain Jóthe Gergely. But the hajdú warriors moved to Szalonta instead, with the approval of the Toldy family. The reason was that Szalonta was much easier to defend than the roadside Kölesér. Szalonta was nearly uninhabited at that time, only the Toldy manor house and a couple of houses stood intact.
June 3, 1606
The ownership of the hajdú warriors was officially registered in Szalonta. Then Toldi György pawned Szalonta to the hajdús, who later purchased the land. They also repaired the palisades.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1610
Prince Báthory Gábor of Transylvania took the fortification of Szalonta from Toldi György, because he could not supply it with enough men and arms, and gave it to the hajdús. The prince also granted the hajdús right to collect duty.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
around 1620
The construction of the Truncated Tower standing on the main square started. It was the watch tower of the castle of Szalonta. The hajdús used the bricks of the churches and manor houses of the destroyed settlements of the neighbourhood to build the tower and to reinforce the bastions. They also used the materials of the manor house of Mezőgyarak destroyed by themselves.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1625
The hajdús purchased Szalonta from Toldi György for 1000 thaler (silver coin) with the support of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania.
1636
The castle was already finished by that time, because it was mentioned in connection with the fights around Szalonta. Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania defeated the army of the Pasha of Buda in its vicinity on 6 October, who wanted to reinstall Bethlen István to the throne of Transylvania, after Prince Rákóczi György was unwilling to pay the tax increased by the Turks. The firearms looted from the Turks were installed in the bastions and the tower of the castle of Szalonta.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
1658
Prince Rákóczi György II ordered the inhabitants of Szalonta to destroy the castle and the settlement so that it would not fall in the hands of the approaching Turks. The inhabitants fled with all their belongings and animals. Szalonta became part of the Ottoman Empire. The people returned and the Turks kept a garrison in the castle.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
July 1692
The Turks surrendered Várad to the imperial army. The victorious General Donath Heissler insisted that the Turks left Szalonta as well.
early 1700's
Around 200 Hungarian noble families lived in Szalonta.
1702
Emperor Leopold I pawned Szalonta to Duke Esterházy Pál, Palatine (nádorispán) of Hungary.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1741
Szalonta became an oppidum.
1745
Empress Maria Theresia donated Szalonta to Duke Esterházy Pál Antal.
1777
The newly built church fortified with stone and brick walls took over the defensive function. The church (now Calvinist) was built on the site of the medieval church. The surrounding walls were 6 metres tall fortified with bastions at its corners. The walls were demolished in the middle of the 19th century.
March 2, 1817
The famous Hungarian poet Arany János was born and lived in Szalonta most of his life.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1899
The Arany János Memorial Museum was opened in the Truncated Tower (Csonkatorony), after the poet's son, Arany László, donated most of his father's legacy to the town.
1907
The museum's ornate entrance with the statue of Arany János was made by Szeszák Ferenc according to the plans of the architect Stróbl Alajos.
1914-1918
World War I
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1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).
1918
On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compiègne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
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November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
from 1918
By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
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4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
30 August 1940
Second Vienna Award
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30 August 1940
Under the Second Vienna Award, Hungary regained 43,492 km2 of Hungarian-majority territory from Romania (Northern Transylvania). In Southern Transylvania, a further 400,000 Hungarians remained under Romanian rule.
1947
Paris Dictate
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1947
The Paris Dictate, in accordance with Soviet interests, did not recognise the just territorial revisions made by the two Vienna decisions and handed the reclaimed Hungarian-majority territories back to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, where the Hungarians were subjected to severe atrocities, expulsions and deprivation of rights. It also seceded three more villages south of Pozsony from Hungary to Czechoslovakia.
from the 1950s
800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. While previously there was a Romanian majority in only a few small towns, this has been reversed by now.
2002
7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.
Sights
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Churches, religious buildings
Public buildings
Cultural facilities
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Town infrastructure
Private buildings
Memorials
Museums and Galleries
Churches, religious buildings
St. Stephen Roman Catholic Parish Church
Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Roman Catholic
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St. Stephen Roman Catholic Parish Church
History
A parish was founded late, in 1880, for the small Catholic community of the town, mainly inhabited by Calvinists. The Catholic population only grew in the second half of the 19th century. It previously belonged to the parish of Mezőbikács. Its church was built after 1875.
Calvinist Church
Bomctuck, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Calvinist
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Calvinist Church
History
The church was built between 1750 and 1755 with donations from wealthy farmers in neoclassical style. It was once surrounded by walls reinforced with bastions. The church was damaged by fire in 1847 and rebuilt between 1853 and 1854. Between 1902 and 1918, the Reformed Diocese of Nagyszalonta had as its trustee Count Tisza István, whose 150th anniversary was commemorated by a plaque on the church wall. Tisza István was the prime minister of Hungary. The tower clock marks the passing of time with the Kossuth song.
Baptist Church
History
The church was built in 1903 as the first Hungarian Baptist house of prayer. In 1871, the first new-age Baptist congregation began to develop in Nagyszalonta, when Novák Antal, a Bible seller, found a Bible reading group of 7-8 people (led by Lajos János, a gunsmith).
Public buildings
Town Hall
Primaria Salonta
Biruitorul, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town hall
Currently:
town hall
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Town Hall
History
The town hall was built between 1906 and 1907 in the Art Nouveau style. It was designed by Székely László, whose father was a master mason from Szalonta.
Cultural facilities
Former Hungarian Royal State High School
Colegiul Național Teodor Neș Salonta
László Székely, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
school
Currently:
school
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Former Hungarian Royal State High School
History
The town council decided to establish a secondary school in 1903. It was established as the first state secondary school in Bihar Count in 1907, and the school building was completed by 1909, based on the plans of Székely László. With the Romanian occupation in 1919, it became a mixed-language school. In 1941, after the Second Vienna Award returned the town to Hungary, the school took the name of the poet Arany János. After the renewed Romanian occupation, it changed its name several times, and in 2007 it took the name of Arany János again. From the 2012-2013 school year, only Romanian classes were launched in the school. In 2013, the town council renamed the school to Teodor Neș. There is a new Hungarian school in the town bearing the name of Arany János.
Arany János High School
Arany János Elméleti Líceum
Originally:
school
Currently:
school
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Arany János High School
History
From 1711 we have written documents about the Schola Reformata Nagyszalontaiensis, where the poet Arany János studied and taught. In 1847 the building, now called the Great School, was built, which housed both the lower and upper grammar schools.
In 1906, the Civil School for Girls was established, with four elementary classes, which was later expanded to include a commercial course. The following year, the boys' grammar school was promoted to main grammar school, initially housed in the upstairs halls of the Great School. Here the writer Zilahy Lajos, the professor of medicine Dr. Kiss Ferenc, and the graphic artist Major Henrik studied. On 15 September 1970, the sixteen-room modern institute with specialised rooms and central heating began to operate. The new school has been in existence since 18 November 2010, as the successor to the Arany János Grammar School and the Arany János Elementary School. Education started on 1 September 2011.
Old Calvinist School
History
From 1711 we have written documents about the Schola Reformata Nagyszalontaiensis, where the poet Arany János studied and taught. In 1847 the building, now called the Great School, was built, which housed both the lower and upper grammar schools.
In 1906, the Civil School for Girls was established, with four elementary classes, which was later expanded to include a commercial course. The following year, the boys' grammar school was promoted to main grammar school, initially housed in the upstairs halls of the Great School. Here the writer Zilahy Lajos, the professor of medicine Dr. Kiss Ferenc, and the graphic artist Major Henrik studied. On 15 September 1970, the sixteen-room modern institute with specialised rooms and central heating began to operate. The new school has been in existence since 18 November 2010, as the successor to the Arany János Grammar School and the Arany János Elementary School. Education started on 1 September 2011.
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Róth Ármin's former general store
Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
commercial building
Currently:
house
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Róth Ármin's former general store
History
Town infrastructure
Truncated Tower, Arany János Memorial Museum
Muzeul Arany János
Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
castle / fortification
Currently:
museum
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Truncated Tower, Arany János Memorial Museum
History
The Tower is all that remained of the former Salonta Castle. The construction of the castle started around 1620 and it was mentioned in the battles against the Turks in 1636. In 1658, Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania had it demolished to prevent it from falling into Turkish hands.
In 1899, the Truncated Tower was raised and the Arany János Museum was opened in it. Above the entrance is a seated statue of the Hungarian poet.
Hebe Fountain, Iron Mary
Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
fountain
Currently:
fountain
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Hebe Fountain, Iron Mary
History
The sculpture by Antoinne Durenne is the oldest statue in Nagyszalonta. The statue was erected on the first Artesian well in the town. Hebe is the Greek goddess of youth, daughter of Zeus and Hera, wife of Heracles. Locals call her Iron Mariska (nickname for the name Mary).
Private buildings
Arany Palace
Teodor Neș könyvtár
Primsal, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
house
Currently:
library, gallery
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Visit
Arany Palace
History
The house was built in 1912. It belongs to the Arany János Cultural Association. It was built as a tenement house by the association to maintain the museum from its income. On its walls are plaques commemorating Bocskai István, Lovassy László and Földi János.
Lovassy László was a reformist Hungarian politician. At the suggestion of Baron Wesselényi Miklós, they founded the Association for Social Conversation, advocated a solution to the serf question and helped Polish refugees. On 29 January 1836, after the violent dissolution of the Transylvanian Parliament, he made a revolutionary speech at a sympathy demonstration in Pest in favor of the detained Wesselényi Miklós. When Metternich violently dissolved the Hungarian Parliament in Pozsony, Lovassy blamed the king and the government for the unsolved serf question. He was accused of insulting his majesty and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment in 1837. He was released by amnesty in 1840, but suffered from mental problems. He died in 1892 in Nagyszalonta.
Birthplace of Kulin György
History
The Hungarian astronomer Kulin György (1905-1989) was born and spent his youth here. He discovered 21 small planets and one comet. Since 27 April 1991, a bilingual plaque commemorates him on the wall of the house.
Arany János Memorial House
Casa Memorială Arany Janos
Originally:
house
Currently:
museum
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Visit
Arany János Memorial House
History
The house is marked by a commemorative plaque. The poet's original birthplace burnt down in 1823, leaving no trace of it, so it could not be reconstructed. The building on the site of the poet's former birthplace was bought by the municipality of Nagyszalonta in 1908. In 1909 a commemorative plaque was placed on the facade of the building. The building was completely renovated in 2010.
It is intended to present the childhood of Arany János, and contains no personal items. Arany János was born into an impoverished noble family.
Memorials
Statue of Arany János
DenesFeri, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Arany János
History
Kiss István's work was inaugurated in 1992. The Hungarian poet was born in Nagyszalonta.
Statue of Kossuth Lajos
Kossuth Lajos Statuie
DenesFeri – sculptor: Tóth András (1858–1929), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Kossuth Lajos
History
On 30 June 1901, the work of Tóth András, a sculptor from Arad, was unveiled. A replica of the artist's statue in Nagyszalonta was also erected in Cleveland in 1902, 50 years after Kossuth Lajos's tour of America. The sculptor is the father of the poet Tóth Árpád.
Bust of Arany János
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
Note:
In the garden of the former Arany Jánoos High School.
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Bust of Arany János
History
The bust of the great 19th century Hungarian poet was erected in 2007.
Statue of the Town Founder Prince Bocskai István of Transylvania
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of the Town Founder Prince Bocskai István of Transylvania
History
The statue was erected in 2000. It is the work of Kolozsi Tibor. Bocskai István was the Prince of Transylvania and the leander of the Hungarian War of Independence against the Habsburg. The town was founded by the hajdú warriors, who were settled by the prince in 1606.
Memorial to the Hajdú Warriors
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Visit
Memorial to the Hajdú Warriors
History
The memorial was erected in 2006 to commemorate the "400 years of the town of Nagyszalonta". The town was founded by 300 hajdú warriors settled by Prince Bocskai István of Transylvania in 1606. It is located at the foot of two oak trees planted in the Elizabeth Park during the millennium celebrations in 1896. The monument depicts two hajdú soldiers standing in front of a double gate with the town's coat of arms.
Statues of Famous Hungarians
DenesFeri, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Visit
Statues of Famous Hungarians
History
On the right side of the Reformed Church there is a life-size statue of the Hungarian poet Arany János, busts of Sinka István, Zilahy Lajos, Kulin György, and Kiss István (sculptor), who was awarded the Kossuth Prize.
Kulin György was born in 1905 in Nagyszalonta, and he was a famous astronomer. He discovered several small planets and comets. The small planet he discovered on 11 December 1936 was named Szalonta.
The statue of Arany János next to it was made by the sculptor Kiss István.
Sinka István (1897-1969) was a Hungarian poet and writer, born in Nagyszalonta.
Zilahy Lajos (1891-1974) was a Hungarian writer born in Nagyszalonta. After the Second World War he emigrated to the USA.
Museums and Galleries
Truncated Tower, Arany János Memorial Museum
Muzeul Arany János
Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
castle / fortification
Currently:
museum
Show on map
Visit
Truncated Tower, Arany János Memorial Museum
History
The Tower is all that remained of the former Salonta Castle. The construction of the castle started around 1620 and it was mentioned in the battles against the Turks in 1636. In 1658, Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania had it demolished to prevent it from falling into Turkish hands.
In 1899, the Truncated Tower was raised and the Arany János Museum was opened in it. Above the entrance is a seated statue of the Hungarian poet.
Arany Palace
Teodor Neș könyvtár
Primsal, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
house
Currently:
library, gallery
Show on map
Visit
Arany Palace
History
The house was built in 1912. It belongs to the Arany János Cultural Association. It was built as a tenement house by the association to maintain the museum from its income. On its walls are plaques commemorating Bocskai István, Lovassy László and Földi János.
Lovassy László was a reformist Hungarian politician. At the suggestion of Baron Wesselényi Miklós, they founded the Association for Social Conversation, advocated a solution to the serf question and helped Polish refugees. On 29 January 1836, after the violent dissolution of the Transylvanian Parliament, he made a revolutionary speech at a sympathy demonstration in Pest in favor of the detained Wesselényi Miklós. When Metternich violently dissolved the Hungarian Parliament in Pozsony, Lovassy blamed the king and the government for the unsolved serf question. He was accused of insulting his majesty and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment in 1837. He was released by amnesty in 1840, but suffered from mental problems. He died in 1892 in Nagyszalonta.
Arany János Memorial House
Casa Memorială Arany Janos
Originally:
house
Currently:
museum
Show on map
Visit
Arany János Memorial House
History
The house is marked by a commemorative plaque. The poet's original birthplace burnt down in 1823, leaving no trace of it, so it could not be reconstructed. The building on the site of the poet's former birthplace was bought by the municipality of Nagyszalonta in 1908. In 1909 a commemorative plaque was placed on the facade of the building. The building was completely renovated in 2010.
It is intended to present the childhood of Arany János, and contains no personal items. Arany János was born into an impoverished noble family.
Check out other towns in Transylvania as well!
{"item":"town","set":{"mapcenter":{"lat":"46.8023510000","long":"21.6624620000"},"townlink":"nagyszalonta-salonta","town":{"townId":60,"active":1,"name_HU":"Nagyszalonta","name_LO":"Salonta","name_GE":"Gro\u00dfsalontha","name_LT":"","seolink":"nagyszalonta-salonta","listorder":26,"oldcounty":26,"country":4,"division":12,"altitude":"90","gps_lat":"46.8023510000","gps_long":"21.6624620000","population":17,"hungarian_2011":55.64,"population_1910":15943,"hungarian_1910":95.38,"german_1910":0,"slovak_1910":0,"romanian_1910":4.08,"rusin_1910":0,"serbian_1910":0,"croatian_1910":0,"slovenian_1910":0,"coatofarms":"","coatofarms_ref":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Primsal, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Csonkatorony Arany Palota\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\/512px-Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\u0022\u003EPrimsal\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","georegion":"K\u00f6r\u00f6s Area, Great Hungarian Plain","river":"K\u00f6les Rill","description":"In the Middle Ages, Szalonta was an insignificant village, which for a long time was the property of the Toldi family. They built the first palisade against the Turks in the 16th century. In 1606, Bocskai Istv\u00e1n, Prince of Transylvania, settled 300 hajd\u00fa warriors here. The hajd\u00fas took over the defence of the fortification and soon afterwards they also bought the settlement from the Toldi family. They also built the castle, of which only the Csonka (Truncated) tower remains today. In 1658, however, it fell into Turkish hands, from which the invaders withdrew at the end of the century when Varad was liberated. The town's true fame, however, is due to the birth of Arany J\u00e1nos, perhaps the greatest Hungarian poet of the 19th century. He wrote the narrative poem Toldi, whose protagonist is Toldi Mikl\u00f3s, a Hungarian nobleman, who is remembered as a legendary strong hero in Hungarian folklore. The memorial museum of the poet was opened in 1899 in the Csonka Tower and is still open to visitors today. The town still preserves its Hungarian majority.","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@1214|The settlement was mentioned for the first time as Zolonta.@#5|@1241|The Mongols destroyed the settlement, which was soon rebuilt.@#6|@1332|The papal tithe register mentioned the church of the settlement called Zalancha, Zalanta.@1398|The Toldy clan acquired the settlement by marriage. They soon expanded their estate with the neighbouring villages and with several settlements in Szil\u00e1gy, Bihar and Zar\u00e1nd counties.@1433|Beside the Toldy family, the Nadaby family also owned land here.@1474|Turkish plunderers breaking into Hungary devastated the area.@1514|The peasant army of D\u00f3zsa Gy\u00f6rgy gathered in the town of K\u00f6les\u00e9r, which was in half an hour walking distance to the west. K\u00f6les\u00e9r was situated on the main country road between V\u00e1rad and Temesv\u00e1r. The peasants attacked the Toldy estate in Szalonta first and caused great destruction. Szapolyai J\u00e1nos, vajda of Transylvania, appointed Tomori P\u00e1l to quell the rebellion, and the Toldy family supported him.@until the 16th century|Szalonta was an insignificant village in the possession of the Toldy family.@1540-1556|The Toldy family constructed a square shaped palisade fort with a moat.@#9|@from 1556|Szalonta belonged to the Hungarian kingdom of Queen Isabella and his son John II.@1560|The fortification of Szalonta was mentioned for the first time. The country assembly that took place in Enyed decided on its reinforcement against the Turks.@#10|@#12|@1596|Palisades were built in Szalonta defended by Transylvanian hajd\u00fa soldiers.@1598|The Turkish army that besieged Nagyv\u00e1rad unsuccessfully sacked and razed the neighbouring villages, including Szalonta. The settlement became uninhabited for nearly 8 years.@#13|@March 16, 1606|Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania gave the ruined town of K\u00f6les\u00e9r to the 300 hajd\u00fa warriors under the command of Captain J\u00f3the Gergely. But the hajd\u00fa warriors moved to Szalonta instead, with the approval of the Toldy family. The reason was that Szalonta was much easier to defend than the roadside K\u00f6les\u00e9r. Szalonta was nearly uninhabited at that time, only the Toldy manor house and a couple of houses stood intact.@June 3, 1606|The ownership of the hajd\u00fa warriors was officially registered in Szalonta. Then Toldi Gy\u00f6rgy pawned Szalonta to the hajd\u00fas, who later purchased the land. They also repaired the palisades.@#14|@1610|Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor of Transylvania took the fortification of Szalonta from Toldi Gy\u00f6rgy, because he could not supply it with enough men and arms, and gave it to the hajd\u00fas. The prince also granted the hajd\u00fas right to collect duty.@#15|@around 1620|The construction of the Truncated Tower standing on the main square started. It was the watch tower of the castle of Szalonta. The hajd\u00fas used the bricks of the churches and manor houses of the destroyed settlements of the neighbourhood to build the tower and to reinforce the bastions. They also used the materials of the manor house of Mez\u0151gyarak destroyed by themselves.@#16|@1625|The hajd\u00fas purchased Szalonta from Toldi Gy\u00f6rgy for 1000 thaler (silver coin) with the support of Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania.@1636|The castle was already finished by that time, because it was mentioned in connection with the fights around Szalonta. Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy I of Transylvania defeated the army of the Pasha of Buda in its vicinity on 6 October, who wanted to reinstall Bethlen Istv\u00e1n to the throne of Transylvania, after Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy was unwilling to pay the tax increased by the Turks. The firearms looted from the Turks were installed in the bastions and the tower of the castle of Szalonta.@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@1658|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II ordered the inhabitants of Szalonta to destroy the castle and the settlement so that it would not fall in the hands of the approaching Turks. The inhabitants fled with all their belongings and animals. Szalonta became part of the Ottoman Empire. The people returned and the Turks kept a garrison in the castle.@#23|@#25|@#26|@July 1692|The Turks surrendered V\u00e1rad to the imperial army. The victorious General Donath Heissler insisted that the Turks left Szalonta as well.@early 1700's|Around 200 Hungarian noble families lived in Szalonta.@1702|Emperor Leopold I pawned Szalonta to Duke Esterh\u00e1zy P\u00e1l, Palatine (n\u00e1dorisp\u00e1n) of Hungary.@#27|@1741|Szalonta became an oppidum.@1745|Empress Maria Theresia donated Szalonta to Duke Esterh\u00e1zy P\u00e1l Antal.@1777|The newly built church fortified with stone and brick walls took over the defensive function. The church (now Calvinist) was built on the site of the medieval church. The surrounding walls were 6 metres tall fortified with bastions at its corners. The walls were demolished in the middle of the 19th century.@March 2, 1817|The famous Hungarian poet Arany J\u00e1nos was born and lived in Szalonta most of his life.@#28|@#30|@1899|The Arany J\u00e1nos Memorial Museum was opened in the Truncated Tower (Csonkatorony), after the poet's son, Arany L\u00e1szl\u00f3, donated most of his father's legacy to the town.@1907|The museum's ornate entrance with the statue of Arany J\u00e1nos was made by Szesz\u00e1k Ferenc according to the plans of the architect Str\u00f3bl Alajos.@#31|@1916|On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).@1918|On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compi\u00e8gne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.@#32|@from 1918|By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.@#36|@#39|@#43|@from the 1950s|800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. While previously there was a Romanian majority in only a few small towns, this has been reversed by now.@2002|7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.&akovekmeselnek.hu: A nagyszalontai csonkatorony t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|https:\/\/akovekmeselnek.hu\/2016\/10\/31\/a-nagyszalontai-csonkatorony-tortenete\/\nmek.niif.hu: Bord\u00e1s L\u00e1szl\u00f3: Nagyszalonta v\u00e1ros lev\u00e9lt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00f3l \u00e9s a szalontai v\u00e1rr\u00f3l|https:\/\/mek.oszk.hu\/08500\/08533\/\nvarak.hu: Nagyszalonta|https:\/\/varak.hu\/latnivalo\/index\/1294-Nagyszalonta-Var\/"},"sights":[{"sightId":1360,"townId":60,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Corneliu Coposu","mapdata":"1|1825|903","gps_lat":"46.8014883872","gps_long":"21.6605138537","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Bomctuck, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Calvinist_Cathedral.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Calvinist Cathedral\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Calvinist_Cathedral.JPG\/512px-Calvinist_Cathedral.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Calvinist_Cathedral.JPG\u0022\u003EBomctuck\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Church","seolink":"calvinist-church","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1750 and 1755 with donations from wealthy farmers in neoclassical style. It was once surrounded by walls reinforced with bastions. The church was damaged by fire in 1847 and rebuilt between 1853 and 1854. Between 1902 and 1918, the Reformed Diocese of Nagyszalonta had as its trustee Count Tisza Istv\u00e1n, whose 150th anniversary was commemorated by a plaque on the church wall. Tisza Istv\u00e1n was the prime minister of Hungary. The tower clock marks the passing of time with the Kossuth song."},{"sightId":1361,"townId":60,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Republicii","mapdata":"1|1471|753","gps_lat":"46.8023369839","gps_long":"21.6575304386","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/www.varad.org\/hu\/plebaniak\/nagyszalonta","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Katolische_Kirche.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Katolische Kirche\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Katolische_Kirche.jpg\/512px-Katolische_Kirche.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Katolische_Kirche.jpg\u0022\u003EGalaxydave\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Stephen Roman Catholic Parish Church","seolink":"st-stephen-roman-catholic-parish-church","note":"","history":"A parish was founded late, in 1880, for the small Catholic community of the town, mainly inhabited by Calvinists. The Catholic population only grew in the second half of the 19th century. It previously belonged to the parish of Mez\u0151bik\u00e1cs. Its church was built after 1875."},{"sightId":1362,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"Primaria Salonta","address":"Republicii 1","mapdata":"1|1725|726","gps_lat":"46.8025060092","gps_long":"21.6596105619","religion":0,"oldtype":"12","newtype":"12","homepage":"http:\/\/salonta.net\/hu\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoshaza-Nagyszalonta-1580","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Biruitorul, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Salonta_City_Hall.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Salonta City Hall\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/Salonta_City_Hall.jpeg\/512px-Salonta_City_Hall.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Salonta_City_Hall.jpeg\u0022\u003EBiruitorul\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Town Hall","seolink":"town-hall","note":"","history":"The town hall was built between 1906 and 1907 in the Art Nouveau style. It was designed by Sz\u00e9kely L\u00e1szl\u00f3, whose father was a master mason from Szalonta."},{"sightId":1363,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"Muzeul Arany J\u00e1nos","address":"Pia\u021ba Libert\u0103\u021bii nr. 4.","mapdata":"1|2156|751","gps_lat":"46.8023627876","gps_long":"21.6633394184","religion":0,"oldtype":"22","newtype":"98","homepage":"http:\/\/salonta.net\/hu\/letesitmenyek\/arany-janos-emlekmuzeum\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Csonka-torony-Nagyszalonta-5","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csonka_Torony.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Csonka Torony\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Csonka_Torony.jpg\/256px-Csonka_Torony.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csonka_Torony.jpg\u0022\u003EGalaxydave\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Truncated Tower, Arany J\u00e1nos Memorial Museum","seolink":"truncated-tower-arany-janos-memorial-museum","note":"","history":"The Tower is all that remained of the former Salonta Castle. The construction of the castle started around 1620 and it was mentioned in the battles against the Turks in 1636. In 1658, Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania had it demolished to prevent it from falling into Turkish hands.@\nIn 1899, the Truncated Tower was raised and the Arany J\u00e1nos Museum was opened in it. Above the entrance is a seated statue of the Hungarian poet."},{"sightId":1364,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"Teodor Ne\u0219 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r","address":"P-ta Libertatii 4 ","mapdata":"1|2108|785","gps_lat":"46.8021140279","gps_long":"21.6632208217","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"76,99","homepage":"http:\/\/salonta.net\/hu\/letesitmenyek\/a-teodor-nes-varosi-konyvtar-konyveinek-katalogusa\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Primsal, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Csonkatorony Arany Palota\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\/512px-Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csonkatorony_Arany_Palota.jpg\u0022\u003EPrimsal\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Arany Palace","seolink":"arany-palace","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1912. It belongs to the Arany J\u00e1nos Cultural Association. It was built as a tenement house by the association to maintain the museum from its income. On its walls are plaques commemorating Bocskai Istv\u00e1n, Lovassy L\u00e1szl\u00f3 and F\u00f6ldi J\u00e1nos.@\nLovassy L\u00e1szl\u00f3 was a reformist Hungarian politician. At the suggestion of Baron Wessel\u00e9nyi Mikl\u00f3s, they founded the Association for Social Conversation, advocated a solution to the serf question and helped Polish refugees. On 29 January 1836, after the violent dissolution of the Transylvanian Parliament, he made a revolutionary speech at a sympathy demonstration in Pest in favor of the detained Wessel\u00e9nyi Mikl\u00f3s. When Metternich violently dissolved the Hungarian Parliament in Pozsony, Lovassy blamed the king and the government for the unsolved serf question. He was accused of insulting his majesty and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment in 1837. He was released by amnesty in 1840, but suffered from mental problems. He died in 1892 in Nagyszalonta."},{"sightId":1365,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Kulin utca 11. ","mapdata":"1|2104|1129","gps_lat":"46.8001673948","gps_long":"21.6628312152","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"https:\/\/www.mcse.hu\/egyesulet\/egyesuleti-hirek\/egyesuleti-hirek-2005\/megujult-a-nagyszalontai-kulin-haz-homlokzata\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Birthplace of Kulin Gy\u00f6rgy","seolink":"birthplace-of-kulin-gyorgy","note":"","history":"The Hungarian astronomer Kulin Gy\u00f6rgy (1905-1989) was born and spent his youth here. He discovered 21 small planets and one comet. Since 27 April 1991, a bilingual plaque commemorates him on the wall of the house. "},{"sightId":1366,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Na\u021bional Teodor Ne\u0219 Salonta","address":"Strada Republicii 90","mapdata":"1|239|154","gps_lat":"46.8058346873","gps_long":"21.6467312811","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/cnteodornes.ro\/despre-noi\/istoric\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Sz\u00e9kely\n, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:ScoalaSalonta.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022ScoalaSalonta\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/ScoalaSalonta.JPG\/512px-ScoalaSalonta.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:ScoalaSalonta.JPG\u0022\u003EL\u00e1szl\u00f3 Sz\u00e9kely\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal State High School","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-state-high-school","note":"","history":"The town council decided to establish a secondary school in 1903. It was established as the first state secondary school in Bihar Count in 1907, and the school building was completed by 1909, based on the plans of Sz\u00e9kely L\u00e1szl\u00f3. With the Romanian occupation in 1919, it became a mixed-language school. In 1941, after the Second Vienna Award returned the town to Hungary, the school took the name of the poet Arany J\u00e1nos. After the renewed Romanian occupation, it changed its name several times, and in 2007 it took the name of Arany J\u00e1nos again. From the 2012-2013 school year, only Romanian classes were launched in the school. In 2013, the town council renamed the school to Teodor Ne\u0219. There is a new Hungarian school in the town bearing the name of Arany J\u00e1nos."},{"sightId":1367,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"Casa Memorial\u0103 Arany Janos","address":"Arany J\u00e1nos 46","mapdata":"1|1432|1358","gps_lat":"46.7986969376","gps_long":"21.6570754795","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"98","homepage":"http:\/\/salonta.net\/hu\/letesitmenyek\/arany-janos-szulohaza\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Arany J\u00e1nos Memorial House","seolink":"arany-janos-memorial-house","note":"","history":"The house is marked by a commemorative plaque. The poet's original birthplace burnt down in 1823, leaving no trace of it, so it could not be reconstructed. The building on the site of the poet's former birthplace was bought by the municipality of Nagyszalonta in 1908. In 1909 a commemorative plaque was placed on the facade of the building. The building was completely renovated in 2010.@\nIt is intended to present the childhood of Arany J\u00e1nos, and contains no personal items. Arany J\u00e1nos was born into an impoverished noble family."},{"sightId":1368,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Oradiei","mapdata":"1|2023|464","gps_lat":"46.8040718349","gps_long":"21.6622031609","religion":7,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022User:Szaszil at hu.wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Szalontai_baptista_imahaz.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Szalontai baptista imahaz\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fb\/Szalontai_baptista_imahaz.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"","name":"Baptist Church","seolink":"baptist-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1903 as the first Hungarian Baptist house of prayer. In 1871, the first new-age Baptist congregation began to develop in Nagyszalonta, when Nov\u00e1k Antal, a Bible seller, found a Bible reading group of 7-8 people (led by Lajos J\u00e1nos, a gunsmith)."},{"sightId":1369,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul Statuielor","mapdata":"1|1811|1016","gps_lat":"46.8007998603","gps_long":"21.6603731658","religion":2,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"120","homepage":"http:\/\/www.gsaranyjanos.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Old Calvinist School","seolink":"old-calvinist-school","note":"","history":"From 1711 we have written documents about the Schola Reformata Nagyszalontaiensis, where the poet Arany J\u00e1nos studied and taught. In 1847 the building, now called the Great School, was built, which housed both the lower and upper grammar schools.@\nIn 1906, the Civil School for Girls was established, with four elementary classes, which was later expanded to include a commercial course. The following year, the boys' grammar school was promoted to main grammar school, initially housed in the upstairs halls of the Great School. Here the writer Zilahy Lajos, the professor of medicine Dr. Kiss Ferenc, and the graphic artist Major Henrik studied. On 15 September 1970, the sixteen-room modern institute with specialised rooms and central heating began to operate. The new school has been in existence since 18 November 2010, as the successor to the Arany J\u00e1nos Grammar School and the Arany J\u00e1nos Elementary School. Education started on 1 September 2011. "},{"sightId":1370,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"Arany J\u00e1nos Elm\u00e9leti L\u00edceum","address":"Aurel Laz\u0103r 1","mapdata":"1|2140|646","gps_lat":"46.8030729415","gps_long":"21.6631653369","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.gsaranyjanos.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Arany J\u00e1nos High School","seolink":"arany-janos-high-school","note":"","history":"From 1711 we have written documents about the Schola Reformata Nagyszalontaiensis, where the poet Arany J\u00e1nos studied and taught. In 1847 the building, now called the Great School, was built, which housed both the lower and upper grammar schools.@\nIn 1906, the Civil School for Girls was established, with four elementary classes, which was later expanded to include a commercial course. The following year, the boys' grammar school was promoted to main grammar school, initially housed in the upstairs halls of the Great School. Here the writer Zilahy Lajos, the professor of medicine Dr. Kiss Ferenc, and the graphic artist Major Henrik studied. On 15 September 1970, the sixteen-room modern institute with specialised rooms and central heating began to operate. The new school has been in existence since 18 November 2010, as the successor to the Arany J\u00e1nos Grammar School and the Arany J\u00e1nos Elementary School. Education started on 1 September 2011. "},{"sightId":1371,"townId":60,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul Statuielor","mapdata":"1|1842|952","gps_lat":"46.8011588972","gps_long":"21.6606154073","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/3804\/arany-janos-szobor","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022DenesFeri, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arany_J%C3%A1nos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arany J\u00e1nos szobra Nagyszalont\u00e1n - 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Arany_J%C3%A1nos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\/512px-Arany_J%C3%A1nos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arany_J%C3%A1nos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\u0022\u003EDenesFeri\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Arany J\u00e1nos","seolink":"statue-of-arany-janos","note":"","history":"Kiss Istv\u00e1n's work was inaugurated in 1992. The Hungarian poet was born in Nagyszalonta."},{"sightId":1372,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Kossuth t\u00e9r","mapdata":"1|2029|778","gps_lat":"46.8021977512","gps_long":"21.6622014690","religion":0,"oldtype":"37","newtype":"37","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/3809\/hebe","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:V%C3%A1smariska_t%C3%A9r.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022V\u00e1smariska t\u00e9r\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/V%C3%A1smariska_t%C3%A9r.jpg\/256px-V%C3%A1smariska_t%C3%A9r.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Hebe Fountain, Iron Mary","seolink":"hebe-fountain-iron-mary","note":"","history":"The sculpture by Antoinne Durenne is the oldest statue in Nagyszalonta. The statue was erected on the first Artesian well in the town. Hebe is the Greek goddess of youth, daughter of Zeus and Hera, wife of Heracles. Locals call her Iron Mariska (nickname for the name Mary)."},{"sightId":1373,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul Mare","mapdata":"1|1925|840","gps_lat":"46.8018505315","gps_long":"21.6613018120","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/3806\/bocskai-istvan#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Statue of the Town Founder Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania","seolink":"statue-of-the-town-founder-prince-bocskai-istvan-of-transylvania","note":"","history":"The statue was erected in 2000. It is the work of Kolozsi Tibor. Bocskai Istv\u00e1n was the Prince of Transylvania and the leander of the Hungarian War of Independence against the Habsburg. The town was founded by the hajd\u00fa warriors, who were settled by the prince in 1606."},{"sightId":1374,"townId":60,"active":2,"name_LO":"Kossuth Lajos Statuie","address":"Parcul Mare","mapdata":"1|1836|860","gps_lat":"46.8017284641","gps_long":"21.6605097264","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022DenesFeri \u2013 sculptor: T\u00f3th Andr\u00e1s (1858\u20131929), CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kossuth_Lajos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Kossuth Lajos szobra Nagyszalont\u00e1n - 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Kossuth_Lajos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_2.jpg\/512px-Kossuth_Lajos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kossuth_Lajos_szobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_2.jpg\u0022\u003EDenesFeri \u2013 sculptor: T\u00f3th Andr\u00e1s (1858\u20131929)\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Kossuth Lajos","seolink":"statue-of-kossuth-lajos","note":"","history":"On 30 June 1901, the work of T\u00f3th Andr\u00e1s, a sculptor from Arad, was unveiled. A replica of the artist's statue in Nagyszalonta was also erected in Cleveland in 1902, 50 years after Kossuth Lajos's tour of America. The sculptor is the father of the poet T\u00f3th \u00c1rp\u00e1d."},{"sightId":1375,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor utca","mapdata":"1|1119|649","gps_lat":"46.8029495465","gps_long":"21.6544189576","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/5415\/hajduk-emlekere","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Memorial to the Hajd\u00fa Warriors","seolink":"memorial-to-the-hajdu-warriors","note":"","history":"The memorial was erected in 2006 to commemorate the \u0022400 years of the town of Nagyszalonta\u0022. The town was founded by 300 hajd\u00fa warriors settled by Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania in 1606. It is located at the foot of two oak trees planted in the Elizabeth Park during the millennium celebrations in 1896. The monument depicts two hajd\u00fa soldiers standing in front of a double gate with the town's coat of arms."},{"sightId":1376,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul Statuielor","mapdata":"1|1803|942","gps_lat":"46.8012625020","gps_long":"21.6602318693","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/5420\/kulin-gyorgy-mellszobra","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022DenesFeri, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinka_Istv%C3%A1n_mellszobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sinka Istv\u00e1n mellszobra Nagyszalont\u00e1n - 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/Sinka_Istv%C3%A1n_mellszobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\/512px-Sinka_Istv%C3%A1n_mellszobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinka_Istv%C3%A1n_mellszobra_Nagyszalont%C3%A1n_-_1.jpg\u0022\u003EDenesFeri\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statues of Famous Hungarians","seolink":"statues-of-famous-hungarians","note":"","history":"On the right side of the Reformed Church there is a life-size statue of the Hungarian poet Arany J\u00e1nos, busts of Sinka Istv\u00e1n, Zilahy Lajos, Kulin Gy\u00f6rgy, and Kiss Istv\u00e1n (sculptor), who was awarded the Kossuth Prize.@\nKulin Gy\u00f6rgy was born in 1905 in Nagyszalonta, and he was a famous astronomer. He discovered several small planets and comets. The small planet he discovered on 11 December 1936 was named Szalonta.@\nThe statue of Arany J\u00e1nos next to it was made by the sculptor Kiss Istv\u00e1n. @\nSinka Istv\u00e1n (1897-1969) was a Hungarian poet and writer, born in Nagyszalonta.@\nZilahy Lajos (1891-1974) was a Hungarian writer born in Nagyszalonta. After the Second World War he emigrated to the USA."},{"sightId":1377,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Republicii 90","mapdata":"1|234|105","gps_lat":"46.8061904770","gps_long":"21.6467982755","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/5414\/arany-janos-mellszobor#vetito=386959","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Arany J\u00e1nos","seolink":"bust-of-arany-janos","note":"In the garden of the former Arany J\u00e1noos High School.","history":"The bust of the great 19th century Hungarian poet was erected in 2007."},{"sightId":2428,"townId":60,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Kulin Gy\u00f6rgy, Strada Toldi","mapdata":"1|2114|836","gps_lat":"46.8018793672","gps_long":"21.6629579653","religion":0,"oldtype":"83","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Galaxydave, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:R%C3%B3th_H%C3%A1z.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022R\u00f3th H\u00e1z\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/R%C3%B3th_H%C3%A1z.jpg\/512px-R%C3%B3th_H%C3%A1z.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:R%C3%B3th_H%C3%A1z.jpg\u0022\u003EGalaxydave\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"R\u00f3th \u00c1rmin's former general store","seolink":"roth-armins-former-general-store","note":"","history":"&\ngallery.hungaricana.hu: Nagyszalonta, \u00dcdv\u00f6zlet Nagyszalont\u00e1r\u00f3l. Toldi Mikl\u00f3s t\u00e9r|https:\/\/gallery.hungaricana.hu\/hu\/OSZKKepeslap\/1424270\/?img=0"}]},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}