St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish Church
St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish Church
Address:
Piața Trandafirilor (Rózsák tere) 61
Historical Hungarian county:
Maros-Torda
GPS coordinates:
46.5458490384, 24.5639301603
History
In 1690, Transylvania's independence ended and it became a Habsburg province. The Habsburgs began a process of re-Catholicization. As part of this, they stipulated that half of the councillors in Marosvásárhely should be Reformed and the other half Catholic, and that the office of town judge should be headed by a Reformed for two years and a Catholic for the other two.
Catholic life, which had been in exile until then, was restarted in 1702, when masses began again, initially in private houses in the absence of a church. With considerable cooperation, they succeeded in building a wooden chapel by 1705, where Rákóczi Ferenc II took his oath as Prince of Transylvania between 5 and 7 April 1707. Soon afterwards, the Jesuits, newly settled in Marosvásárhely, with the help of General Montecuccoli, reclaimed the empty chapel of the Castle Church, where the Jesuits celebrated Mass on Christmas Day 1709. However, the royal court returned the church to the Reformed parish.
In 1719 the Jesuits bought the house built by Nagy Szabó Ferenc in 1623, which they converted into a monastery.
The construction of the parish church of St John the Baptist began in 1728, designed by the Jesuit monk Scherer Bálint, and consecrated by Bishop Sztoyka Zsigmond Antal in 1750. The works were complicated by the construction of a crypt with a capacity for 100 people under the church, where in 1732 Baranyai Mária and her husband Orbán Simon were buried, who provided accommodation for the Jesuits who had settled in Marosvásárhely. In 1733, before the parish house was completed, the Jesuits left Marosvásárhely, so the burden of further works fell on the Catholic priests.
Two of the most talented artists of the 18th century, Anton Schuchbauer and Johannes Nachtigall, were commissioned in 1755 to make the high altar by Haller Gábor and his wife Dániel Zsófia. The two carved wooden sculptures, representing the Old and New Testaments, are set on either side of a large oil painting of the church's patron saint, St John the Baptist, and a smaller icon of Mary. The icon depicts Mary with baby Jesus, the Saviour stabbing the Devil with a spear, while the Virgin Mary holds a lily in her hand. The main altarpiece depicts the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist.
In the north-eastern chapel there is a painting of King Saint László I of Hungary making water spring from the rock. In the central chapel of the row of chapels on the north side is an altar dedicated to St Joseph. The south-west chapel is dedicated to St John of Nepomuk. The altarpiece in the south central chapel is of Mary Magdalene under the cross. The north-west chapel is dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua. The altarpiece of the south-eastern chapel is a copy of the painting Baptism of Vajk by Benczúr Gyula. Vajk was the pagan name of King Saint Stephen I of Hungary.
The Baroque pulpit of the church was commissioned by Bethlen Miklós and his wife Csáky Krisztina in 1757.
The stained glass windows in the side chapel openings were made by the Türcke firm of Grotto in 1898. The windows depict Saint László of Hungary, Magna Domina Hungarorum, the baptism of the Armenian king. Above the oratory, there are also ornate panes depicting St Peter and St Paul.
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However, the royal court returned the church to the Reformed parish.@\nIn 1719 the Jesuits bought the house built by Nagy Szab\u00f3 Ferenc in 1623, which they converted into a monastery.@\nThe construction of the parish church of St John the Baptist began in 1728, designed by the Jesuit monk Scherer B\u00e1lint, and consecrated by Bishop Sztoyka Zsigmond Antal in 1750. The works were complicated by the construction of a crypt with a capacity for 100 people under the church, where in 1732 Baranyai M\u00e1ria and her husband Orb\u00e1n Simon were buried, who provided accommodation for the Jesuits who had settled in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. In 1733, before the parish house was completed, the Jesuits left Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, so the burden of further works fell on the Catholic priests.@\nTwo of the most talented artists of the 18th century, Anton Schuchbauer and Johannes Nachtigall, were commissioned in 1755 to make the high altar by Haller G\u00e1bor and his wife D\u00e1niel Zs\u00f3fia. The two carved wooden sculptures, representing the Old and New Testaments, are set on either side of a large oil painting of the church's patron saint, St John the Baptist, and a smaller icon of Mary. The icon depicts Mary with baby Jesus, the Saviour stabbing the Devil with a spear, while the Virgin Mary holds a lily in her hand. The main altarpiece depicts the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist.@\nIn the north-eastern chapel there is a painting of King Saint L\u00e1szl\u00f3 I of Hungary making water spring from the rock. In the central chapel of the row of chapels on the north side is an altar dedicated to St Joseph. 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