Calvinist Castle Church
Biserica Reformată din Cetate
Calvinist Castle Church
Biserica Reformată din Cetate
Address:
Piața Bernády György 3
Historical Hungarian county:
Maros-Torda
GPS coordinates:
46.5465315266, 24.5663767529
History
The church was built by the Franciscans in the 14th century. The Franciscans settled in the town around 1332. The earliest surviving part of the former monastery is the part of the building that was once a chapel, now used as a library, which was the church of the 14th century monastery, the only part of the monastery made from stone. The church, which still stands today, and most of the monastery buildings were built between the 14th and 15th centuries. The sanctuary was consecrated in the autumn of 1400, but the entire church was not consecrated until 1490. In 1442, with the support of Hunyadi János, the tower was built and several internal alterations were made. In the 1480s, with the support of the vajda of Transylvania Báthory István, defensive walls were built around the monastery, of which the Bastion of the Locksmiths, which stands along the southern wall, remains today.
In the 16th century, Marosvásárhely joined the Reformation. In 1556, the noblemen Székelyfalvi Polyák Boldizsár and Koronkai Mihályfi Tamás attacked the monastery, chased away the last monks and installed the Lutheran pastor Káli Balázs. The former sacristy and the chapel housed the reformed school, the Schola Particula, founded in 1557 by a decree of the Transylvanian country assembly. The Protestants removed the crucifix made by Veit Stoss. According to oral tradition, it was thrown into the Nyárád River and that's how it came to Nyárádremete.
In 1601 General Basta's imperial troops wreaked havoc, burning the town and the church. The monastery buildings were not repaired by the inhabitants of the town, but demolished to build a new town wall. All that remains are the tower, the sacristy and the sanctuary of the chapter hall, where the school was located.
In 1658, the ceiling of the nave collapsed, the stained glass windows and the organ were destroyed when the Turks attacked Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania. The church stood uncovered for many years until it was partially restored between 1685 and 1693, thanks to a donation from Count Teleki Mihály. Dendrochronological research has shown, however, that the trees used for the roofing of the old parts of the sanctuary were felled in 1479-1480, and that most of the structure is medieval; however, it does contain elements made from trees felled in 1602-1603, so repairs were made after the destruction.
Between 1790-91, under the leadership of architect Türk Antal, a new ceiling was built for the nave. The nave also received its Baroque decoration. The western gallery was built at this time, and the Baroque organ, made in 1789 by the master Johannes Prause from Brassó, was placed on it. In 1841 it was enriched with an ornate Lord's Table by Bertók György and a pulpit by Erdélyi József. The large bell, weighing 1600 kg, was cast in Kolozsvár by Andrássofszki János and Dániel, while the small bell, weighing 603 kg, was cast in 1972 by Zlotaru János in Sárkmány.
Within the walls of the Castle Church, 37 country assemblies were held, King Louis the Great of Hungary, Hunyadi János and John II (John Sigismund) also visited the church. On 1 November 1559, the first universal Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist) synod met here. On 6 January 1571, John Sigismund confirmed the freedom of religion proclaimed at the Diet of Torda. On 8 April 1707, Rákóczi Ferenc II, leader of the Hungarian war of independence, was elected Prince of Transylvania here.
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The Franciscans settled in the town around 1332. The earliest surviving part of the former monastery is the part of the building that was once a chapel, now used as a library, which was the church of the 14th century monastery, the only part of the monastery made from stone. The church, which still stands today, and most of the monastery buildings were built between the 14th and 15th centuries. The sanctuary was consecrated in the autumn of 1400, but the entire church was not consecrated until 1490. In 1442, with the support of Hunyadi J\u00e1nos, the tower was built and several internal alterations were made. In the 1480s, with the support of the vajda of Transylvania B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n, defensive walls were built around the monastery, of which the Bastion of the Locksmiths, which stands along the southern wall, remains today.@\nIn the 16th century, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely joined the Reformation. In 1556, the noblemen Sz\u00e9kelyfalvi Poly\u00e1k Boldizs\u00e1r and Koronkai Mih\u00e1lyfi Tam\u00e1s attacked the monastery, chased away the last monks and installed the Lutheran pastor K\u00e1li Bal\u00e1zs. The former sacristy and the chapel housed the reformed school, the Schola Particula, founded in 1557 by a decree of the Transylvanian country assembly. The Protestants removed the crucifix made by Veit Stoss. According to oral tradition, it was thrown into the Ny\u00e1r\u00e1d River and that's how it came to Ny\u00e1r\u00e1dremete.@\nIn 1601 General Basta's imperial troops wreaked havoc, burning the town and the church. The monastery buildings were not repaired by the inhabitants of the town, but demolished to build a new town wall. All that remains are the tower, the sacristy and the sanctuary of the chapter hall, where the school was located.@\nIn 1658, the ceiling of the nave collapsed, the stained glass windows and the organ were destroyed when the Turks attacked Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania. The church stood uncovered for many years until it was partially restored between 1685 and 1693, thanks to a donation from Count Teleki Mih\u00e1ly. Dendrochronological research has shown, however, that the trees used for the roofing of the old parts of the sanctuary were felled in 1479-1480, and that most of the structure is medieval; however, it does contain elements made from trees felled in 1602-1603, so repairs were made after the destruction.@\nBetween 1790-91, under the leadership of architect T\u00fcrk Antal, a new ceiling was built for the nave. The nave also received its Baroque decoration. The western gallery was built at this time, and the Baroque organ, made in 1789 by the master Johannes Prause from Brass\u00f3, was placed on it. In 1841 it was enriched with an ornate Lord's Table by Bert\u00f3k Gy\u00f6rgy and a pulpit by Erd\u00e9lyi J\u00f3zsef. The large bell, weighing 1600 kg, was cast in Kolozsv\u00e1r by Andr\u00e1ssofszki J\u00e1nos and D\u00e1niel, while the small bell, weighing 603 kg, was cast in 1972 by Zlotaru J\u00e1nos in S\u00e1rkm\u00e1ny.@\nWithin the walls of the Castle Church, 37 country assemblies were held, King Louis the Great of Hungary, Hunyadi J\u00e1nos and John II (John Sigismund) also visited the church. On 1 November 1559, the first universal Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist) synod met here. On 6 January 1571, John Sigismund confirmed the freedom of religion proclaimed at the Diet of Torda. 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