Marosvásárhely
Târgu Mureș
Marosvásárhely
Latin:
Novum Forum Siculorum
Historical Hungarian county:
Maros-Torda
GPS coordinates:
46.546228, 24.564558
Population
Population in 1910
| Total |
25517 |
| Hungarian |
89.31% |
| German |
2.37% |
| Vlach |
6.73% |
Coat of Arms
Madboy74, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
The town was founded by the Székelys, and from the very beginning it was a market town. The Székelys had equal rights with the nobles, owned their own land, paid mostly no taxes, in return they were obliged to go to war one by one to defend Hungary from foreign invasions. The town has hosted the Diet 36 times. The Franciscan church was fortified by the Transylvanian vajda Báthory István to subdue the free Székely people, but the resistance of the Székelys caused him to be deposed by King Ulászló II of Hungary. Its Reformed college, founded in 1557, was the first Hungarian-language school in Transylvania, until then education had been in Latin. In 1602, the construction of the castle began under the leadership of Borsos Tamás, the town magistrate, after the ravages of General Basta's imperial army. In 1616, Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania raised it to the status of a free royal town. It was here that the last prince, Rákóczi Ferenc II, was elected during the 1703-1711 Hungarian War of Independence. At the end of the 18th century, Count Teleki Sámuel, Chancellor of Transylvania, moved his famous library, the Teleki Téka, to Marosvásárhely. In 1861 it became the seat of Marosszék. In 1876, the Székely seats were abolished during the modernisation of the public administration, and it became the seat of Maros-Torda County. At the beginning of the 20th century, under the mayoralty of Bernády György, the town was rapidly modernised, with the construction of the Art Nouveau Town Hall (now County Hall) and the Palace of Culture. After the Romanian invasion in 1918, the Hungarian statues were torn down, a Romanian mayor was appointed and more and more Romanians were settled in the town. From 1952 to 1968 it was the centre of the Hungarian autonomous region, created under Soviet pressure, which was then abolished by the Romanians. It retained its Hungarian majority until the 1990s, but they still make up almost half of the population.
Check out other towns in Transylvania as well!
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1260
The Franciscans built a new Gothic church on the site of the former Dominican church destroyed during the Mongol invasion. The church was completed in 1446.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1323
The settlement was mentioned as Novum Forum Siculorum (New Székely Marketplace). The settlement was established at the end of the 12th century or at the beginning of the 13th century.
1349
The settlement was called Sekulvasarhel (Székely Marketplace). According to a theory, it was named after the village of Székelyfalva (mentioned for the first time in 1467 and disappeared during the 17th century). The Székelys were organized into special administrative units called seats (szék). They elected their leaders themselves, had equal rights with the nobles, owned their lands and were mostly exempt from taxation. In exchange for all these privileges, they were obliged to enlist as soldiers in the event of an external attack on Hungary.
1405
King Sigismund of Hungary granted the town right to hold fairs.
1437
The three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) formed an alliance in Kápolna (Union of Kápolna). This union gained its true significance after 1570, when Transylvania became an independent principality due to the Turkish conquest of central Hungary. These three nations were represented in the Transylvanian Diet, and they elected the prince. Vlach migrants (mostly shepherds and peasants) were a small minority at the time and were excluded from the political power just like Hungarian peasants.
since 1439
Country assemblies were held in the town 36 times.
around 1440
A bell tower was built for the Gothic parish church.
1492
Vajda Báthory István of Transylvania fortified the Franciscan monastery in order to break down the resistance of the free Székely people. It was a pentagonal castle reinforced with towers. He fortified the church of Székelyudvarhely as well. His plan finally failed due to the resistance of the Székelys and King Ulászló II of Hungary removed him from the position of vajda of Transylvania.
1506
The army of Tomori Pál was defeated by the Székelys next to the town. The Székelys rose up against the extraordinary ox tax levied on the occasion of the birth of the son of King Ulászló II (later King Louis II of Hungary).
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
16th century
The castle church was taken from the Franciscans and was used by the Protestants after the Reformation.
1557
A Calvinist college was established, which was the first Hungarian language school in Transylvania (previously Latin was the language of education).
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1571
The country assembly of Transylvania held in Marosvásárhely by Prince John II confirmed the freedom of religion, including for the Unitarian faith.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
after 1600
The imperial mercenaries of General Basta sacked and burned the settlement. The inhabitants who survived fled to the Saxon town of Brassó with the leadership of town judge Borsos Tamás. The judge studied the strong walls of Brassó, and as the situation became more peaceful, he returned to Marosvásárhely, and after great debates, he managed to convince the survivors of the inhabitants to surround the restored parish church with walls. Strangely, General Basta himself also gave his consent to the fortifications. A larger area was surrounded with walls reinforced with thick walled cannon towers. These were maintained and defended by the guilds of the town according to medieval custom. The first walls and ramparts were raised hurriedly from earth and wood, which were later reconstructed from stone. According to the contemporary documents, the constructions were still going on in the 1620s and 1630s.
1602
Németh Gergely set the remaining houses of the town on fire.
1602
The reconstruction of the castle started under the leadership of judge Borsos Tamás, but it was completed between 1614 and 1653.
July 2, 1602
General Giorgio Basta defeated the army of Székely Mózes at Tövis. Székely Mózes became the leader of the Transylvanian uprising against the Habsburg Empire after the battle of Goroszló. Basta took control of Transylvania once again and started a bloody extermination campaign against the Hungarians.
1603
General Basta left Transylvania with his imperial army. Székely Mózes set out from Temesvár with Székely and Turkish armies to liberate Transylvania. The estates of Transylvania, having enough of Basta’s terror, welcomed him in Gyulafehérvár and elected him Prince of Transylvania on 9 May. The Habsburgs mobilized their vassal, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia, who attacked the camp of Székely Mózes at Brassó at night on 17 July. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.
1603
Székely Mózes, the only Székely prince of Transylvania, visited the town when he liberated Transylvania temporarily from the Habsburg rule.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1616
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania granted Marosvásárhely the status of free royal town. The town’s Romanian name Târgu Mureș and its German name Neumarkt am Mieresch are both translations of the Hungarian name. Previously, the Vlachs called the town Oșorhei, which is how the Vlachs could pronounce the Hungarian name Vásárhely. It was the only free royal town in Székelyföld.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
1658
The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed captured Jenő Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay Ákos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.
1658
The town was attacked and burned by Turkish and Vlach raiders. Three thousand people were enslaved.
1659
Prince Rákóczi György II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay Ákos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.
May 22, 1660
In the battle of Sászfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated Rákóczi György II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.
November 1660
Kemény János, the former commander of Rákóczi György II, defeated the army of Gáspár, the brother of Prince Barcsay András, at Örményes. Barcsay Gáspár fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay Ákos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kemény János had Barcsay Ákos captured and murdered.
1661
The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mihály Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely.
September 14, 1661
The castle was captured by a Turkish army. Pasha Ali forced the Estates of Transylvania to elect Apafi Mihály I Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely.
January 23, 1662
The deposed prince Kemény János, having been abandoned by his imperial allies, was defeated by the Turks at Nagyszőlős (near Segesvár), where he fell.
1662
The town burned down due to the negligence of the Turkisk invaders.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1687
The imperial army that invaded Transylvania forced the town to pay tribute.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1704
The kuruc army of Kaszás Pál captured the castle.
1706
The kuruc lieutenant general Pekry Lőrinc took the town back.
April 5, 1707
Rákóczi Ferenc II was elected Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely. The solemn ceremony was conducted by Bishop Thelekessy István of Eger. The castle didn’t have significant military value by that time.
1707, 1709, 1719, 1738
Plague decimated the population.
1754
Empress Maria Theresia moved the supreme court of Transylvania (Tabula Regia) from Medgyes to Marosvásárhely.
1763
Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the border guard. She set up three Székely and two Vlach border regiments. They started the forced conscription of the Székelys, who resisted in defence of their traditions and privileges. The imperial army led by Baron Siskovics József attacked Mádéfalva, where the Székely leaders had gathered, and massacred 200 Székelys, including women and children, with savage cannon fire on 7 January 1764. This event is known in history as the 'Madefalva Massacre' or 'Madefalva Calamity'.
1802
Teleki Sámuel opened his library of 40 thousand volumes.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
November 4, 1848
The Székelys were defeated by the imperial army at Marosvásárhely, and the town was occupied.
January 13, 1849
The Hungarian army of Mayor Tolnay took the town back from the imperials.
1849
Avram Iancu, the leader of the Vlach insurgents supporting the Habsburg Empire, was a lawyer from Marosvásárhely. He started an extermination campaign against the Hungarian population of Transylvania in October 1848. His insurgents slaughtered 700 unarmed people, including women and children, in Zalatna. They massacred the inhabitants of dozens of Hungarian settlements. 1000 people were slaughtered cruelly in Nagyenyed on 8 January 1849, another 1000 died fleeing in the cold, and the famous Calvinist college of the town was also destroyed. The massacres were instigated by Orthodox priests as well. The Vlachs took advantage of the situation, that the Hungarian military was busy liberating Transylvania from the imperial forces, and many Hungarian men joined the fight and were unable to protect their families left behind. The Vlachs were driven back to the mountains after the victories of General Bem József over the imperials. The Vlach method was simple and cruel. They made the people of the villages put down their weapons with intimidation and false promises, then slaughtered them and looted their corpses and houses. Avram Iancu is venerated as one of the greatest Romanian national heroes. 5 settlements, streets, squares, schools and even a university was named after him. He has many statues as well, the most bizarre of them is the one that stands in Nagyenyed, whose population was massacred by his men.
July 30, 1849
The great poet of the Hungarian revolution Petőfi Sándor and General Bem Józsed set off for the battle of Segesvár from Marosvásárhely. Petőfi disappeared in the battle for ever.
1851
Two veterans of the Hungarian War of Independence, Makk József and Gál Sándor, started a conspiracy against Habsburg oppression on behalf of Kossuth Lajos, who was in exile. Their main base was in Székelyföld. They could not mobilize large masses due to the apathy that became widespread in Hungary. The conspiracy was revealed by an agent of the Habsburgs, who infiltrated into their ranks.
March 10, 1854
Three leaders of the Makk Conspiracy (Török János, Horváth Károly and Gálffy Mihály) were executed in Marosvásárhely. The Memorial to the Székely Martyrs was unveiled on the site of the execution on 27 June 1875. It is the artwork of the sculptor Aradi Zsigmond.
1861
The town became the centre of Maros Seat.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1876
Public administration was modernized and medieval structures were abolished in Hungary. The autonomy of the Székelys was abolished and their traditional administrative units, the seats, were incorporated into the county system.
1876
A fire ravaged the town. Marosvásárhely became the seat of Maros County.
1880
The statue of General Bem József was inaugurated. He was one of the greatest generals of the Hungarian War of Independence, who liberated most of Transylvania from the Habsburg imperial occupation. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders after 1918.
1893
The statue of Kossuth Lajos was inaugurated. He was the political leader of the Hungarian War of Independence. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders after 1918.
1907
The Bust of Rákóczi Ferenc II was unveiled. He was the leader of the Hungarian War of Independence between 1703 and 1711. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders after 1918.
1923
The Romanian invaders tore down the statues of General Bem József, Kossuth Lajos and Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II.
early 20th century
The town developed spectacularly. The town centre gained its Atr Nouveau character dominated by the Town Hall and the Palace of Culture thanks to Bernády György, the mayor of the town. The neighbourhood of the castle was tidied, parks were created, the sewage system was installed, and the streets were paved. Trees and flowers were planted by the streets, and the town earned the appellation ’town of flowers’.
1910
The town had 25517 inhabitants (22790 Hungarians, 1717 Vlachs and 606 Germans).
1914-1918
World War I
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1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. The Romanians invaded most of Székelyland. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).
1918
On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compiègne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
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November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
December, 1918
In Kolozsvár, on the initiative of retired Lieutenant General Lukács Béla, the Székely Division was created to defend against the Romanian troops invading Transylvania. It was the only well-equipped, combat-ready Hungarian military force to fight against the Romanian conquerors. At its peak it numbered about 12,000. In Hungary, the political power was usurped by the pro-Entente left-wing government of Károlyi Mihály, which let down the Székely Division and disbanded the Hungarian military. The communists, to whom Károlyi Mihály conceded the power, were also hostile towards the Székely Division. Later most of its soldiers took part in the North Campaign that temporarily liberated a significant part of northern Hungary from the Czech invaders.
from 1918
By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
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4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
30 August 1940
Second Vienna Award
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30 August 1940
Under the Second Vienna Award, Hungary regained 43,492 km2 of Hungarian-majority territory from Romania (Northern Transylvania). In Southern Transylvania, a further 400,000 Hungarians remained under Romanian rule.
September 10, 1940
The Rapid Corps sent forth to Székelyföld passed through the town under the command of General Miklós Béla. The Hungarian army was welcomed solemnly in Marosvásárhely on 15 September, when the 12th infantry brigade of the IVth army from Szekszárd marched into the town led by General Nagy Vilmos. One day later Horthy Miklós, Governor of Hungary, visited the town as well.
autumn, 1944
The Romanian paramilitary organization called Maniu Guard committed a series of murders and robberies among the Hungarian population of Transylvania under the guise of partisan actions. In September and October, they murdered 200 innocent civilians. The members of the Maniu Guard and the Romanian gendarmes interned thousands of Hungarians in death camps. From Maros-Torda County alone, 4000 Hungarians, including 450 children, were deported to Barcaföldvár (near Brassó) and other camps (e.g. Tagru Jiu) only from Maros-Torda County. Most of them perished there as a result of cruel treatment. The Barcaföldvár internment camp was shut down on 29 October 1945, at which time only 90 people were still alive.
October 1944
Romanian administration returned to Marosvásárhely after the Soviet horde invaded the town.
November 12, 1944
Soviet General Vinogradov banned the Romanian authorities from Northern Transylvania because of the genocide committed by the Maniu Guard. The Romanian authorities were allowed to return after the formation of the Petru Groza government on 6 March 1945.
1947
Paris Dictate
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1947
The Paris Dictate, in accordance with Soviet interests, did not recognise the just territorial revisions made by the two Vienna decisions and handed the reclaimed Hungarian-majority territories back to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, where the Hungarians were subjected to severe atrocities, expulsions and deprivation of rights. It also seceded three more villages south of Pozsony from Hungary to Czechoslovakia.
February 10, 1947
The Paris Dictate attached Marosvásárhely to Romania due to Soviet pressure.
September 21, 1952
Soviet pressure led to the creation of the Hungarian Autonomous Province, which included most of Székelyland and was based in Marosvásárhely.
between 1952–1960
The town was the seat of the Hungarian Autonomous Province.
from the 1950s
800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. While previously there was a Romanian majority in only a few small towns, this has been reversed by now.
1960
The Hungarian Autonomous Province was mutilated by detaching Háromszék and renamed Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province.
1960-1968
The town was the seat of the Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province.
Septembet 7, 1959
The secretary general of the Romanian Workers Party, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, and Prime Minister Chivu Stoica visited Marosvásárhely. They decided where to build the new fertilizer factory and the new residential areas for the Romanian migrants, who were supposed to change the ethnic character of the town. Strangely, they decided to build the new town quarters on the surrounding hills instead of the valley of the Maros River.
1968
The Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province was completely abolished. 800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. In Székelyföld, Marosvásárhely was the most successfully Romanianized.
1980s
The Székely county centres were classified as closed towns where only Romanians were allowed to settle.
February 10, 1990
Approximately 100,000 Hungarians demonstrated quietly for Hungarian language eductation in the downtown at the initiative of Sütő András. They carried no placards or banners in their hands, only a candle and a book, and they sang the prayer Our Lord wherever they went.
between March 1 and 18, 1990
The first congress of the Alliance of the Hungarian Youth Organizations was held in Marosvásárhely. Smaranda Enache made a speech both in Hungarian and in Romanian harshly criticizing the nationalist and chauvinistic organization Vatra Românească and stood for the independent Hungarian higher education.
March 19, 1990
Black March, anti-Hungarian pogrom in Marosvásárhely. The Romanian chauvinists organized a demonstration against the Hungarians. Mostly drunk and illiterate people were transported by 13 buses to the town from the Vlach villages of the county. The organizers spread that the Hungarians want to separate Transylvania from Romania in order to enrage them. The mob tore down the Hungarian language signs and besieged the headquarters of the Hungarian party RMDSZ (Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania). Those who were trapped in the building called the police in vain, who arrived late deliberately. General Ion Judea personally guaranteed the safe passage of the Hungarians, but they were attacked, when they left the building. The police watched the violence idly. Sütő András was also beaten badly, he went blind in one eye and several of his ribs were broken. He was transported to Bucharest by truck, then to the Military Hospital in Budapest.
March 20, 1990
A huge Hungarian mass gathered in downtown demanding the arrest of those responsible for the Romanian pogrom of the previous day and the reinstatement of the resigned mayor Kincses Előd. The crown chanted ’Murderers! Murderers!’. The Romanians started to gather around noon. Eight buses arrived from the direction of Szászrégen and brought Romanian peasants armed with agricultural tools. They soon broke through the week cordon and attacked the Hungarians. The unarmed Hungarians started to flee. A few of them hurried ahead and dismantled the benches to use the wooden slats as shields. After that, the parties reached stalemate for hours. A truck drove across the main square and hit a Hungarian man, who died on the spot, and crashed into the stairs of the church. One of the Romanians travelling on the platform of the truck also died. The Romanian army encircled the town. In return, the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages blocked the roads. The Hungarians halted the Romanian buses heading for the demonstrations and set them on fire. Several of the Romanians were beaten badly. The Romanian army arrived, but the vehicles could not get into the main square because of the barricades erected by the Hungarians. Finally the Hungarians let them through at the request of Kincses Előd. But the soldiers remained inside the vehicles and didn’t even try to prevent further clashes. The first attack was launched by the Romanians, which was repelled by the Hungarians. In the meantime, the gathering Romanians outnumbered the Hungarians. Soon Gypsies arrived in groups of 40 to 50 and joined the fight on the side of the Hungarians. The decisive turning point came before midnight, at around half past eleven, when the Székelys from along the Nyárád River arrived. The men, most of them older than 60, charged at the Romanians through the line of tanks and beat them out of the main square with the leadership of Márkus István, a veteran of the Second World War. Lots of people were injured on both sides. The victory was celebrated with the singing of the Hungarian national anthem and the Hungarian flag was hoisted on the town hall. At dawn paratroopers invaded the town in great numbers and started checking the identity of the people. Five people fell victim to the ethnic clashes provoked by Romanian chauvinists (3 Hungarians and 2 Romanians) and around 300 were injured.
Castles
Marosvásárhely Castle
Cetatea Târgu Mureș
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Churches, religious buildings
St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish Church
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St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish Church
History
In 1690, Transylvania's independence ended and it became a Habsburg province. The Habsburgs began a process of re-Catholicization. As part of this, they stipulated that half of the councillors in Marosvásárhely should be Reformed and the other half Catholic, and that the office of town judge should be headed by a Reformed for two years and a Catholic for the other two.
Catholic life, which had been in exile until then, was restarted in 1702, when masses began again, initially in private houses in the absence of a church. With considerable cooperation, they succeeded in building a wooden chapel by 1705, where Rákóczi Ferenc II took his oath as Prince of Transylvania between 5 and 7 April 1707. Soon afterwards, the Jesuits, newly settled in Marosvásárhely, with the help of General Montecuccoli, reclaimed the empty chapel of the Castle Church, where the Jesuits celebrated Mass on Christmas Day 1709. However, the royal court returned the church to the Reformed parish.
In 1719 the Jesuits bought the house built by Nagy Szabó Ferenc in 1623, which they converted into a monastery.
The construction of the parish church of St John the Baptist began in 1728, designed by the Jesuit monk Scherer Bálint, and consecrated by Bishop Sztoyka Zsigmond Antal in 1750. The works were complicated by the construction of a crypt with a capacity for 100 people under the church, where in 1732 Baranyai Mária and her husband Orbán Simon were buried, who provided accommodation for the Jesuits who had settled in Marosvásárhely. In 1733, before the parish house was completed, the Jesuits left Marosvásárhely, so the burden of further works fell on the Catholic priests.
Two of the most talented artists of the 18th century, Anton Schuchbauer and Johannes Nachtigall, were commissioned in 1755 to make the high altar by Haller Gábor and his wife Dániel Zsófia. The two carved wooden sculptures, representing the Old and New Testaments, are set on either side of a large oil painting of the church's patron saint, St John the Baptist, and a smaller icon of Mary. The icon depicts Mary with baby Jesus, the Saviour stabbing the Devil with a spear, while the Virgin Mary holds a lily in her hand. The main altarpiece depicts the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist.
In the north-eastern chapel there is a painting of King Saint László I of Hungary making water spring from the rock. In the central chapel of the row of chapels on the north side is an altar dedicated to St Joseph. The south-west chapel is dedicated to St John of Nepomuk. The altarpiece in the south central chapel is of Mary Magdalene under the cross. The north-west chapel is dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua. The altarpiece of the south-eastern chapel is a copy of the painting Baptism of Vajk by Benczúr Gyula. Vajk was the pagan name of King Saint Stephen I of Hungary.
The Baroque pulpit of the church was commissioned by Bethlen Miklós and his wife Csáky Krisztina in 1757.
The stained glass windows in the side chapel openings were made by the Türcke firm of Grotto in 1898. The windows depict Saint László of Hungary, Magna Domina Hungarorum, the baptism of the Armenian king. Above the oratory, there are also ornate panes depicting St Peter and St Paul.
Calvinist Castle Church
Biserica Reformată din Cetate
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Calvinist Castle Church
History
The church was built by the Franciscans in the 14th century. The Franciscans settled in the town around 1332. The earliest surviving part of the former monastery is the part of the building that was once a chapel, now used as a library, which was the church of the 14th century monastery, the only part of the monastery made from stone. The church, which still stands today, and most of the monastery buildings were built between the 14th and 15th centuries. The sanctuary was consecrated in the autumn of 1400, but the entire church was not consecrated until 1490. In 1442, with the support of Hunyadi János, the tower was built and several internal alterations were made. In the 1480s, with the support of the vajda of Transylvania Báthory István, defensive walls were built around the monastery, of which the Bastion of the Locksmiths, which stands along the southern wall, remains today.
In the 16th century, Marosvásárhely joined the Reformation. In 1556, the noblemen Székelyfalvi Polyák Boldizsár and Koronkai Mihályfi Tamás attacked the monastery, chased away the last monks and installed the Lutheran pastor Káli Balázs. The former sacristy and the chapel housed the reformed school, the Schola Particula, founded in 1557 by a decree of the Transylvanian country assembly. The Protestants removed the crucifix made by Veit Stoss. According to oral tradition, it was thrown into the Nyárád River and that's how it came to Nyárádremete.
In 1601 General Basta's imperial troops wreaked havoc, burning the town and the church. The monastery buildings were not repaired by the inhabitants of the town, but demolished to build a new town wall. All that remains are the tower, the sacristy and the sanctuary of the chapter hall, where the school was located.
In 1658, the ceiling of the nave collapsed, the stained glass windows and the organ were destroyed when the Turks attacked Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania. The church stood uncovered for many years until it was partially restored between 1685 and 1693, thanks to a donation from Count Teleki Mihály. Dendrochronological research has shown, however, that the trees used for the roofing of the old parts of the sanctuary were felled in 1479-1480, and that most of the structure is medieval; however, it does contain elements made from trees felled in 1602-1603, so repairs were made after the destruction.
Between 1790-91, under the leadership of architect Türk Antal, a new ceiling was built for the nave. The nave also received its Baroque decoration. The western gallery was built at this time, and the Baroque organ, made in 1789 by the master Johannes Prause from Brassó, was placed on it. In 1841 it was enriched with an ornate Lord's Table by Bertók György and a pulpit by Erdélyi József. The large bell, weighing 1600 kg, was cast in Kolozsvár by Andrássofszki János and Dániel, while the small bell, weighing 603 kg, was cast in 1972 by Zlotaru János in Sárkmány.
Within the walls of the Castle Church, 37 country assemblies were held, King Louis the Great of Hungary, Hunyadi János and John II (John Sigismund) also visited the church. On 1 November 1559, the first universal Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist) synod met here. On 6 January 1571, John Sigismund confirmed the freedom of religion proclaimed at the Diet of Torda. On 8 April 1707, Rákóczi Ferenc II, leader of the Hungarian war of independence, was elected Prince of Transylvania here.
St. Emeric of Hungary Roman Catholic Parish Church
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St. Emeric of Hungary Roman Catholic Parish Church
History
The parish was founded in 1972, during the construction of the Theatre Square, following the demolition of the Franciscan church and monastery on the main square. Following an agreement between the Communist regime, the Franciscan Order, Archdeacon Léstyán Ferenc and Bishop Márton Áron, the state had the workers' cinema, originally built for car mechanics' workshop, in the Ady district, beyond the railway line, converted into a church, based on the plans of architect Gyenes Tibor. The building was converted into a church, and it also housed a parish and a cantor's apartment. The church was consecrated by Bishop Márton Áron on 28 May 1972. The interior of the new church was decorated using the painted windows, bells, sculptures and organ of the demolished Franciscan church. This made the establishment of the second church and parish possible in Marosvásárhely, which was then still run by Franciscans, and it also made possible for Franciscan monks to remain in the city.
St. Anthony of Padua Former Minorite Church and Monastery, P. Endes István Jesuit Community House
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St. Anthony of Padua Former Minorite Church and Monastery, P. Endes István Jesuit Community House
History
In 1726, the Minorite Order returned to the town after the Reformation. Construction began in 1741 on the elevation above the Great Market. Between 1760 and 1767 the baroque church of St. Anthony of Padua was built. The bell tower was built between 1892-94 on the site of the former wooden bellfry. Its altarpiece was made in 1894 by J. Hofrichter, and is a copy of a painting of the Madonna of Foligno by Rafaello. On two sides are statues of St Anthony of Padua and St Rosalia of Palermo, the patron saint of plague patients. In 1903 the monastery was extended with a new wing. From 1896 to 1916, the theology of the Minorites was moved here from Eger, and between the two world wars the novitiate was located here.
In 1948, the monastery was nationalised under the School Act. The garden belonging to the order was also confiscated and the theatre was built there. In 1951, the minorities were also deported to a forced residence. In 1999, the diocese took over the care of the monastery and the church. In 1723, the first Jesuit appeared in Marosvásárhely in the person of Fr. Endes István, sent from Kolozsvár by the provincial superior. He built the parish church in the town centre in Baroque style and the adjacent monastery. In 2008 the Jesuit monks returned. The Jesuit University Chaplaincy and Dormitory of Marosvásárhely and the Jesuit Community House of Fr Endes István are located in the monastery.
Tower of the Franciscan Church
Turnul Bisericii Franciscane
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Tower of the Franciscan Church
History
Franciscans first appeared in Marosvásárhely in the 14th century. They started building the Castle Church, which was only completed in 1490. Their expansion was hampered by the spread of the Reformation in Transylvania, as the vast majority of the town converted to the Reformed (Calvinist) faith around 1558. Franciscans returned to Marosvásárhely only on 2 July 1740. The council of Vásárhely was called upon by Győrffy Pál to give the Franciscans a place in the town. Behind his back was Count Haller János, Governor of Transylvania.
Due to the lack of a church, construction began under the leadership of Bocskor János, the head of the monastery. The monastery was built on a plot of land on the north-west side of the main square, bought with a donation from the Petky family. The works, which began in 1745, were completed by 1777, but the church tower was not built until 1802. Both the church and the monastery were built in the Baroque style.
The Franciscans moved the lower elementary school with its four classes from the Arcade House to the monastery building. The head of the monastery became the headmaster, with two priests working alongside him. The school was maintained by the Parish of St John the Baptist.
In 1971, the Romanian socialist town government demolished the church and the monastery when the National Theatre was built, on the pretext of creating a square, and the monastery garden was also destroyed. The Franciscan church and monastery in the main square stood for 250 years, until 1972. Today, only its 35 m high tower remains. The tower could only have been preserved for reasons of veneration, as there is a crypt beneath it, the entrance to which starts from the tower. The idea of placing a memorial plaque was conceived by the parish priest, Sebestyén Péter, and he had it placed on 28 November 2009.
Above the entrance to the tower you can see the statue of St John of Nepumuk, which is in excellent condition.
Calvinist Small Church
Biserica Reformată Mică
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Calvinist Small Church
History
The second Reformed church in the town. From 1628 until the construction of the church, the site of the Small Church was the hospital of the Reformed Church, a building for the shelter and care of the poor and needy. Next to it, in the early 18th century, a Reformed wooden church was erected with the support of the town judge Kolozsvári Szőts Dániel, known locally as the Outer Church or the Hospital Church.
In 1815, the hospital was demolished and the construction of a new late Baroque and Empire style church was started, based on the plans of Sófalvi József, which was completed by 1818. However, due to a lack of funds, the construction was only given a new impetus in 1827, when the interior works were completed. The first service took place on 2 December 1827. In 1828, construction of the tower began and was completed in 1829. It is named after its slightly smaller size than the Castle Church, but it still seats seven hundred.
In August 1854, after the Hungarian War of Independence, it was expropriated by the Austrian military command and used as a military hospital and later as a grain warehouse. The Reformed Church got the building back in March 1856 (the old wooden church was used until then, and was demolished in 1857), and it was reconsecrated by Bishop Bodola Sámuel.
The church also had a Reformed boys' school, and later a mixed school, which initially operated in the rector's apartment. In 1848 there were already 175 pupils, so in the 1850s a separate school building was erected near the church, which was taken over by the town in 1891. At the beginning of the 20th century, during the mayoralty of Bernády György, several new school buildings were erected for the town's pupils, and the former Reformed school was converted into a residential building.
Its organ was made in 1867 by Takácsy Ignác, the altar was donated in 1868 by Szenkovitsné Rákosi Katalin. In 1875 the building was renovated, and the octagonal pulpit and its canopy were erected from the donation of Szöllősi Sámuel and Rozália. Between 1927 and 1930 the church was renovated again, and it acquired its neo-baroque classicist appearance. The widow of Domokos Pál donated a 1t bell to the parish in memory of her husband and sons.
The prominent pastors of the 20th century were Csiha Kálmán (1929-2007) and Varga László (1929-2017). Under communism, they were convicted in show trials and imprisoned for long periods.
Next to the staircase is a metal plate dating from 1902, on which the altitude was recorded: Marosvásárhely free royal town 332,376 metres.
Calvinist Church in Szabadi Street
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Calvinist Church in Szabadi Street
History
The district on the right bank of the Maros became known as Remeteszeg. The Székelys who settled in the area were Roman Catholics until the second half of the 16th century. The population of Remeteszeg became mainly Vlach after the Reformation because of the Vlach serfs settled here by the Lázár family. The first evidence of the emergence of Reformation in the district is the diocesan visitation report of 27 January 1609. Remeteszeg and Hídvég were administratively united with Marosvásárhely in 1902. In the first decades of the 20th century, the Hungarian-speaking population on this banks of the Maros River, especially the Reformed, increased greatly. The consecration of the church and prayer house took place on 12 December 1937.
Lutheran Church
Biserica Evanghelică
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Lutheran Church
History
In 1818 the Lutheran parish was established in the town. Land was purchased on the south side of the main square and the parsonage built here was converted into a church in 1829. During the redevelopment of the main square, it was demolished and replaced by a tenement house. As compensation, the town gave the congregation a one-storey residential building, which was converted into a church, using the neo-Gothic windows of the former church.
Unitarian Church
Biserica Unitariană
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Unitarian Church
History
The Transylvanian country assembly held in Torda in 1557 was the first in the world to declare religious freedom. After that, the Unitarian denomination became so strong that more than half of the town's population belonged to it. They had a church on the site, which was destroyed at the turn of the 17th century during the raids of the imperial general Basta and the Voivode Mihai of Wallachia (to whom the Romanians erected a statue in the town). The number of believers later dwindled, and by the early 19th century there was no church in the town.
It was not until 1849 that the Unitarian church bought the land on which it built a house in 1869. It had a prayer house and the King Matthias, or as it was later known the Lion Inn. The church was built next to this house. The construction of the Unitarian Church on Bolyai Square began with the laying of the foundation stone on 28 June 1929. The design was drawn by Patrovits Kálmán and the construction was supervised by master builder Bustya Lajos. The solemn consecration took place in 1930 in the presence of Bishop Dr. Boros György. The construction of the neo-Gothic church was financed partly by donations from the faithful of Marosvásárhely, and to a greater extent by the sale of plots of land and the sale of the Marosszentkirály estate. The organ was donated by Bustya János.
Previously, the adjoining prayer house, built in 1869-70, served as a meeting place for the faithful.
By the end of the 20th century, the Unitarian Parish of Marosvásárhely had grown significantly, as Unitarians moved from the surrounding villages to the city. On 21 November 1999, a new church was built on Kövesdomb. The foundation stone was laid by Bishop Dr. Szabó Árpád and parish warden Szabó László. The Unitarian Church of Kövesdomb was consecrated on 2 December 2006.
Annunciation (Former Greek Catholic) Orthodox Church, Small Cathedral
Catedrala Buna Vestire
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Annunciation (Former Greek Catholic) Orthodox Church, Small Cathedral
History
The church, called the Small Cathedral, is a scale model of St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. This is presumably what gave its name. It was built between 1926 and 1936. It was consecrated on 8 September 1936. In 1948, the Greek Catholic Church was banned by the Communist authorities, and the church was given to the Orthodox, and has not been returned to the Greek Catholics since.
Ascension of Our Lord Orthodox Cathedral
Catedrala Înălțarea Domnului
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Ascension of Our Lord Orthodox Cathedral
History
After the Romanian occupation, between 1925 and 1934, an Orthodox church was being built in the city centre, designed by Iosif Vlad, and only completed after 1990. When the church was built, the aim was for its height to exceed that of the historic Hungarian churches and the tower of the Palace of Public Administration.
The dome is decorated with paintings by Aurel Ciupa. The iconostasis is by Traian Bobletec and the paintings by Virgil Simionescu from Lugos.
Ascension of Our Lord (Former Greek Catholic) Orthodox Church
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Ascension of Our Lord (Former Greek Catholic) Orthodox Church
History
The church was built between 1793 and 1794 in Baroque style on the site of a wooden church built in 1750, with a donation from Bishop Ioan Bob. It was built by the mason Topler János. After World War II, the pseudo-Communists banned the Greek Catholic Church and gave their churches to the Orthodox.
St. Michael Archangel Orthodox Wooden Church
Biserica de lemn Sfântul Arhanghel Mihail
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St. Michael Archangel Orthodox Wooden Church
History
The church was built between 1793 and 1794. Its iconostasis and interior paintings were made by Vasile Bon and Nicolae Popa in 1814.
Status Quo Ante Synagogue
Sinagoga Status Quo Ante
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Status Quo Ante Synagogue
History
The synagogue was built in 1899-1900 according to the designs of Jacob Gärtner, a Viennese architect. The town's first synagogue, built in 1857, no longer met the needs of the growing status quo ante congregation at the end of the 19th century, so in 1898 the architect was commissioned to draw up plans. The eclectic style synagogue was inaugurated in 1900.
Public buildings
Former County Hall
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Former County Hall
History
The building partly came into the possession of Marosszék from Szalai György, who was convicted of treason in 1711, and partly by purchase. The baroque building has a carved coat of arms of Marosszék on the gate. It was extended in 1744, when the southern part of the street wing was built. In 1842, the rear courtyard wing was built, with prison cells on the ground floor and a meeting room on the first floor. In 1878, the Székely seats (traditional administration units) were abolished and counties were created. The resulting Maros-Torda County also operated in this house. The Romanian invaders started to build the new county hall in the Romanian style, and it was finished by the Hungarians in 1941.
Palace of Public Administration
Consiliul Judeţean Mureş, Maros Megyei Tanács
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Palace of Public Administration
History
The Palace of Public Administration was built between 1905-1907 at the request of Mayor Bernády György. It was designed by Komor Marcell and Jakab Dezső in the style of Hungarian Art Nouveau. It was originally a town hall (mayor's office). It was often called the Cifra Palota (Flashy Palace), as such an imposing building was unusual for the small town at the time.
After the Romanian occupation, the impressive coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary on the outer wall was removed, as were the window panes painted by Róth Miksa, depicting Franz Joseph (the largest), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania, Kossuth Lajos, Deák Ferenc and Rákóczi Ferenc II. The ornate window panes were replaced by simple, ordinary glass.
In 2007, the stained glass windows were recovered and restoration work began, supported by the Budapest Municipality and the Róth Miksa Museum. After the restoration, the windows could not be returned to their original location because of the Romanians, but they are on display in the Palace of Culture as part of the historical exhibition.
The north-east part of the building includes a 60-metre-high tower, which can be seen from almost every corner of the city. Its clock was made by Müller János and the bells by Thúri Ferenc. The Palace is currently the seat of the Maros County Prefecture and the County Council.
Former (Romanian) County Hall, Town Hall
Primăria (Városháza)
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Former (Romanian) County Hall, Town Hall
History
It was built after the Romanian occupation. Its style does not fit in the town centre.
At the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning necessitated the construction of a new county hall in the Art Nouveau style, in keeping with the unified design of the main square. The competition was won by Kós Károly and Toroczkai Wigand Ede, but construction was delayed by the outbreak of the First World War. The Romanian occupation made it impossible to build the county hall based on the original plans.
In the 1930s, the idea of completing the square was raised again. In 1936, the designs of architect Eugen Grosu in the new Brâncoveanu style, which was widespread in Wallachia and Moldavia, won the approval of the Romanian authorities. Construction began in 1938, during the second term of Mayor Emil Dandea (1936-1940). The building, still unfinished at the time of the Second Vienna Award in 1940, was finally completed by the architect Kotsis Iván in 1942. In 1943, the administration of Marosszék moved from the old to the new county hall.
In 1962, the county administration was moved to the old town hall and replaced by the town administration (the former Town Hall, the Palace of Public Administration, became the local headquarters of the Romanian Communist Party).
Former Pension Institution
Originally:
public administration
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Former Pension Institution
History
The house was built between 1909-1910 in Art Nouveau style according to the plans of Radó Sándor.
Former Bootmaker's Industrial Association
Originally:
seat of an institution, hotel / tavern / guesthouse, restaurant / confectionery / café
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Former Bootmaker's Industrial Association
History
In 1620, the town's boot and shoemakers obtained a licence from Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania to form a guild. In 1873, the guilds were centrally abolished and replaced by industrial associations. In 1876, the town centre was largely destroyed by fire, and the main square took on its present appearance. In 1890 the headquarters of the Bootmakers' Industrial Association was built based on the plans of Nagy Győző. The upstairs was used as offices, while the rest of the building was used as a hotel with a restaurant on the ground floor. A plaque commemorating the Millennium of Hungary, unveiled by the Bootmakers' Association in 1896, is on the wall of the gateway. In 1949, the restaurant was converted into a cinema.
Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Camera de Comerţ şi Industrie
Originally:
seat of an institution
Currently:
seat of an institution
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Chamber of Commerce and Industry
History
The house was built in 1910 in Art Nouveau style according to the designs of Toroczkai Wigand Ede and Radó Sándor. They also used motifs and solutions from Transylvanian folk architecture.
Former Butcher's Industrial Association
Originally:
seat of an institution, commercial building
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Former Butcher's Industrial Association
History
In 1873, the guilds were abolished centrally and replaced by industrial associations. In 1876, the town centre was largely destroyed by fire, and the main square took on its present appearance. In 1888 the headquarters of the Butchers' Industrial Association was built based on the plans of Nagy Győző.
The southern one-storey wing was the "Grand Butchery", where fresh meat was sold. In the main building there were offices and community rooms (club room, billiard room and chess room). After 1945 it was nationalised and turned into a cinema.
Former Hungarian Royal Court of Justice
Curtea de Apel
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Former Hungarian Royal Court of Justice
History
The court building was built between 1895 and 1897 in eclectic style. During the renovation in 1995, four wall paintings were found in the foyer, which had been plastered after the Romanian occupation. They depict prominent figures in the development of Hungarian law: King Andrew II (Golden Bull), King Matthias the Just, Werbőczy István (author of Tripartitum) and Deák Ferenc.
Former Military School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Universitatea de Medicină, Farmacie, Științe și Tehnologie
Originally:
military headquarters / administration, school
Currently:
university / college
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Former Military School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy
History
The building complex consisting of the main building, the teacher's apartments and crew buildings were constructed between 1907 and 1909 by the Grünwald Brothers from Budapest. After the Second World War, part of the Medical University of Kolozsvár was moved to Marosvásárhely. Teaching was in Hungarian. In 1962, the Romanian section of the university was established.
Old Hospital
Originally:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
Currently:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
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Old Hospital
History
The hospital was built between 1880 and 1881 in the neoclassical style. It was taken over by the state in 1901. Since 1952, it has been used as an internal medicine clinic. There was already a hospital in the town in the 14th century. Its modern hospital was established in 1812 and operated on several sites until a modern building was constructed.
Cultural facilities
Teleki Library, Teleki-Bolyai Library
Biblioteca Teleki-Bolyai
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Teleki Library, Teleki-Bolyai Library
History
The Teleki-Bolyai Library or Teleki Téka is one of the most important cultural heritage sites in Marosvásárhely. The library was established in 1797 by Count Teleki Sámuel, Chancellor of Transylvania, who was not only a wealthy but also a highly educated man, having studied at several European universities. He spent most of his fortune on the purchase of more than 40 000 volumes, which he used to create the public library that bears his name today. The library has many incunables, many old books, manuscripts and rare books. It is interesting to note that Count Széchényi Ferenc founded his own library in Pest later that year, on 25 November (the National Széchényi Library), which became the ancestor of the Hungarian National Museum.
From 7 November 1759 to 17 November 1763, Teleki Sámuel studied in Switzerland, the Netherlands and France, during which time he studied at the Universities of Basel, Utrecht and Leiden. Jakob Christoph Beck, professor of theology and history and keeper of the Basel public library, provided him with useful advice on how to start collecting books. He visited scholars, booksellers and librarians in the cities he visited on his travels; by the time he returned home he had trained himself as an expert bibliophile and brought back nine crates of books, weighing twenty-six and a half hundred kilograms. Settled on his estate in Sáromberk, he kept in touch by correspondence with the scholars of his day, both at home and abroad, organised his book procurement network and lent books.
In 1778 Teleki moved to Nagyszeben, where he took his books with him and continued to lend them. In 1785 he moved his residence to Nagyvárad, in 1787 to Vienna, but he stored his books in Nagyszeben. It was in Vienna that he met Johannes von Müller, a renowned book expert of the time, who helped him a great deal in identifying and valuing the books. In 1788, the Austro-Turkish mitary operations in Transylvania made Teleki very concerned about the integrity of his library, so he asked his brother-in-law, Jósika Antal, to move the books to Marosvásárhely. In the early 1790s (the exact date is not known) Teleki took the library to Vienna, but in April 1797, due to the war with the French, he moved it again to Marosvásárhely. Here he stored the books in the Wesselényi house, which his wife, Bethlen Zsuzsanna of Iktár, had inherited from her aunt, Baron Wesselényi Kata (widow of Rhédey Zsigmond).
The building, built in the 1770s, was extended by Teleki between 1799 and 1802 according to the plans of the Viennese architect Ernst Koch. Teleki personally directed the arrangement of the books before the opening in the autumn of 1802. The building was a traditional aristocratic palace, almost half of which was occupied by a public library. It was at this time that he hired the first librarian in Marosvásárhely, Szász József, who set up a very modern catalogue system. In his will, he left the collection to his heirs as a testamentary legacy, obliging them to continue the library's operation, while at the same time entrusting its supervision to the Transylvanian Reformed Consistory. He also added to his own collection the collection of his wife, who died in 1799, which consisted of some 2,000 volumes in Hungarian only and was founded by her grandmother, Rhédei Zsuzsanna, and then further enriched by Wesselényi Kata.
After the death of Teleki Sámuel, the regular growth of the Téka began to falter and almost ceased.
In 1864, Récsi Emil's legal library of 800 works was bought for the Téka. From the 1880s onwards, the institution was transformed from a library into a book museum, its acquisitions not keeping pace with the scholarly needs of the time.
The Teleki family archives were moved to Budapest in 1916 and are now in the National Archives. In the years following the Second World War, the Teleki Library was taken over by the state.
In 1955, the Great Library (Bolyai Library) of the Reformed College of Marosvásárhely moved to the Téka building, and in 1962 the two collections were merged under the name of Teleki-Bolyai Library. It was here that Dr. Farczády Elek discovered the 14th century Hungarian language text known as the Marosvásárhely rows or Marosvásárhely glossary.
Also the collection of the dissolved Franciscan monastery of Mikháza, the library of the former Unitarian High School of Székelykeresztúr, the library of the Reformed College of Máramarossziget, and the teachers' library of the Catholic Grammar School of Marosvásárhely were moved here.
In 1993, members of the Teleki family living abroad established a foundation in Basel called Förderstiftung Teleki Téka to support the Teleki-Bolyai Library. In 1999, with the help of this Basel foundation, the Teleki Téka Foundation was established in Marosvásárhely with the same purpose.
The building was built in the Baroque style in the 17th and 18th centuries. Teleki Sámuel extended it with the western wing between 1799 and 1802, where he opened his public library, which still houses the holdings of the former Teleki Library.
Palace of Culture
Originally:
museum, library, dancing / concert hall
Currently:
museum, library, dancing / concert hall
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Palace of Culture
History
In 1907, a bill proposed the establishment of community centres in rural towns to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the coronation of Franz Joseph. The Palace of Culture was built in the Hungarian Art Nouveau style between 1911 and 1913, during the term of Mayor Bernády György. The Palace of Culture is a significant example of the Hungarian Art Nouveau architectural movement started by Lechner Ödön. The competition for the Palace of Culture was won by Komor Marcell and Jakab Dezső with a three-storey building design, only later to be converted into a four-storey building at the request of Mayor Bernády György. Construction began in 1911 and by 1913 the interior decoration was completed. It housed a concert hall, music school, museum and library. On the ground floor there were shops and a café.
The windows are decorated with scenes from Hungarian sagas. The roof is covered with blue, red and white tiles made by the famous Zsolnay factory. On the third floor, the exterior facade is decorated with a mosaic by Körösfői-Kriesch Aladár entitled "Homage to Hungaria". In the centre, an allegorical female figure of Hungaria is seated on a throne, with the Hungarian crown on her head and a sword in her hand. On either side of the mosaic stands Athena in a helmet. The angel on the left is holding the coat of arms of Marosvásárhely and the angel on the right is holding the coat of arms of King Matthias. On the main facade, the sculptures and reliefs are made of stone and bronze, and are called the national pantheon. The Mirror Room on the first floor has four windows topped with copper-plated half-domes and their parapets are decorated with portraits of Hungarian writers (Kazinczy Ferenc, Tompa Mihály, Kemény Zsigmond, etc.). The parapets of the windows on the second floor are decorated with portraits of great figures of Hungarian literature, science and art carved in stone (including Teleki Sámuel, Bolyai Ferenc, Bolyai János, Mentovich Ferenc). The four bronze reliefs above the gates depict St. Elisabeth of Hungary, Bolyai János and Farkas, Aranka György and Katona József's play Bánk bán set to music by Erkel Ferenc.
The large concert hall on the ground floor can accommodate 800 people. The foyer is 45 metres long. The walls are covered with 12 stained-glass compositions designed by Thorozkai-Wigand Ede and Nagy Sándor for the 1914 San Francisco World's Fair, but history intervened: the First World War broke out. The Mirror Room, the smallest hall in the palace, is a real gem. On the third floor is the Fine Arts Museum, with over a thousand works of art. The library contains more than 1 million volumes.
Apolló Palace
Palatul Apollo
Originally:
dancing / concert hall, theatre/opera, house
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Apolló Palace
History
The palace was built by Count Teleki Sámuel between 1804 and 1807 with the aim of using the proceeds to maintain his library, the Teleki Library. The work was supervised by master builder Johannes Sommer from Kolozsvár. It was built in the late Baroque-neoclassical style. Originally it was a three-storey building, it had shops on the ground floor, apartments on the first floor and a ballroom on the second floor, where theatre performances were also held. The great hall was used for balls and dances, and was the main meeting place for the town's nobility in the 19th century. As Marosvásárhely did not have a stone theatre until the 1970s, from the 1820s onwards theatrical performances were also held in the Apollo Palace: in the Great Hall in winter and in inclement weather, and in summer on the stage set up in the garden in 1872 (Apollo Garden).
The palace is named after the Roman sun god Apollo, and the main hall is decorated with murals depicting Apollo.
The great hall was closed in 1891 due to fire hazards, and was replaced by the large hall of the old Transylvania Hotel. The Teleki heirs did not respect the will of Teleki Sámuel, and in 1923 they sold the palace to the brewer Bürger Albert, who in 1924 dismantled the interior of the building and, taking advantage of the second floor's ceiling height, divided it into two floors, creating suites. The reconstruction was based on the plans of Radó Sándor, and as a result the building lost its original Baroque character.
From 1923, the Hungarian Gentleman's Casino operated on the ground floor. The Vásárhely Meeting was held in the building in October 1937 with 187 participants, at which the representatives of the Transylvanian Hungarians declared that the idea of unity and the struggle for their rights should permeate all the institutions of their minority life, but that the possibility of peaceful coexistence between the Romanian and Hungarian peoples should also be sought. The meeting was chaired by the writer Tamási Áron.
Arcade House, Former Catholic School
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Arcade House, Former Catholic School
History
At the beginning of the 18th century, the Catholic Church bought the two-storey corner house for a school, with an open arcade running along the ground floor on the street side. A new part was then built with a similar arcades (legs), providing boarding accommodation and a canteen for the poor pupils. In 1873 the roof burnt down and the upper floor was rendered unusable. During the renovation, another floor was added to the building. At that time, the ground floor arcade was walled in and shops were built. In 1908, the new Roman Catholic grammar school was built, and then apartments were created on the upper floors. The arcade was also restored during the restoration of the building in 1980.
Former Hungarian Royal Elementary School
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Former Hungarian Royal Elementary School
History
The school was built between 1905 and 1906 in the eclectic-Art Nouveau style, the master builder was Csiszár Lajos Jr. It was one of the five modern schools built in the town with the support of the Hungarian government at the beginning of the 20th century to raise the level of education for the people.
Former Aprentice's Home
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Former Aprentice's Home
History
The former apprentices' home was built in 1915, on the initiative of the Association of Building Craftsmen of Marosvásárhely, for the Hungarian apprentices and for the theoretical education of the apprentices of the master masons working in the town. Its design was supported by Csiszár Lajos, a wealthy architect from Marosvásárhely, who, according to architect Keresztes Gyula, also introduced Egyptian motifs into the magnificent domed building. The exterior of the Art Nouveau building is also uniquely decorated: the window lintels bear the emblematic coats of arms of the various trades, with Hungarian abbreviations such as "Vill" (for electricians), "Üveg" (glaziers), "Aszt" (carpenters), "Lak" (locksmiths), "Bád" (tinsmiths), "Fest" (painters). Somewhat surprisingly, neither half a century of socialism nor the anti-Hungarian sentiment that erupted afterwards has erased from the building's facade. Neither did the marble plaques in Hungarian in the doorway or the town coat of arms above the main entrance disappear. Fate was not so kind to the (probably Hungarian) coat of arms above the other entrance. This main square property was the seat of the Association of Building Craftsmen, which was founded in 1906 and transformed into the Hungarian Association of Craftsmen in 1923 under the leadership of Buksa Béla.
Rákóczi Ferenc II Roman Catholic High School
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Rákóczi Ferenc II Roman Catholic High School
History
Following the Dominican monks who settled in the 13th century, the Franciscans arrived in Marosvásárhely in 1316. According to a record from 1525, the Franciscans also ran a monastic school. During the Reformation, a significant part of the town's population became Calvinist, and it was only with the activities of the Jesuit monks, who settled in 1702, that Catholic education was restored, under the leadership of Father Endes István.
From 1708, secondary education was also introduced.
The plans of architect Kőrösi Albert-Kálmán won the competition for the new school building, but after several changes of location, the school was built between 1903-1905 by the Transylvanian Roman Catholic State based on plans by Pápai Sándor tailored to a more modest budget. The contractor was Csiszár Lajos. A dormitory was added in 1908.
The building complex on Klastrom Street, the Rákóczi Ferenc II Roman Catholic Grammar School, was nationalised by the communist state in 1948. When the building complex was returned to the church in 2004, the Bolyai Farkas Theoretical Lyceum was the new home of Catholic education. The Catholic educational institution moved back to the building in 2015. From September 2018, the former dormitory building will be home to the re-launched Rákóczi Ferenc II Roman Catholic Theological Lyceum, which will provide education at elementary, high school and lyceum level.
Former Roman Catholic Girl's High School, Alexandru Papiu Ilarian High School
Colegiul Național Alexandru Papiu Ilarian
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Former Roman Catholic Girl's High School, Alexandru Papiu Ilarian High School
History
The building was built between 1912 and 1913 for the Roman Catholic Girls' Lyceum. It was designed by the architect Radó Sándor in Art Nouveau style.
Former Roman Catholic Girl's School, Arts High School
Liceul de Artă Târgu Mureș
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Former Roman Catholic Girl's School, Arts High School
History
The Catholic parochial school moved to the Arcade House in 1783. Between 1880 and 1882 a new, modern educational building was built in neo-Baroque style according to the plans of Jelinek Antal. After 1945 it was nationalised and became the Art Lyceum, which is still in operation today. In 1972 it was extended in a modern style. In 1908, the church bought the house at no. 7 for a dormitory, but it also housed a canteen and classrooms.
Former Calvinist School
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Former Calvinist School
History
The Reformed school building, dating from the 1850s, is now a residential building at number 26. Next to the church is the congregation house, and across the street is the parish building with the council chamber.
Calvinist Grammar School (Old Building)
Colegiul Reformat
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Calvinist Grammar School (Old Building)
History
At the Hungarian country assembly held in Kolozsvár in 1556, the establishment of several new Reformed schools was discussed. The first known teacher of the school was Tordai Ádám, a graduate of the University of Wittenberg (1569). In February of the following year, in Gyulafehérvár, Queen Isabella of Hungary designated the former monastery of the Franciscan Order as the site of the institution, which was named Schola Particula. In 1601-1602, General Basta's imperial troops sacked the Castle Church, and the school was moved to the site where the Lyceum still stands today.
The students of the college of Sárospatak, expelled in 1671, were taken in by the college of Gyulafehérvár. They were expelled from there in 1716 by the Austrian military on the grounds of the defence of the local fortress. In 1718, the Schola Particula in Marosvásárhely took in the institution and its students, which elevated it to the rank of a college, the third in Transylvania, along with the ones in Nagyenyed and Kolozsvár. Its first permanent building was erected in the 1760s with the permission of Governor Hadik András. Between 1777 and 1779, with the help of the curator Teleki József, a new building was constructed to house the library and auditorium. Between 1801 and 1804, the north wing was added, which is still standing (although not in its original form), according to the plans of Ugrai László.
In 1794, law is introduced in the upper classes, followed three years later by natural history. On 27 September 1802, the college took possession of the first printing press in Marosvásárhely.
In May 1804, Bolyai Farkas delivered his inaugural address, marking the beginning of the institute's boom. Bolyai Farkas advocated the modernisation of education. His son, the famous mathematician Bolyai János, also studied here. Within the walls of the institute he discovered the foundations of his theory of relativity.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the old wing of the building was demolished and replaced by the present Art Nouveau building. The new building was constructed between 1908 and 1909 to the design of Baumgartner Sándor. It was confiscated by the Romanians after the Romanian occupation and became a state school.
In 1957, on the 400th anniversary of the institution's foundation, it took the name of Bolyai Farkas. The year 1960 was a sad year in the life of the secondary school, because it was converted into a mixed-language institution by the nationalist Romanian authorities. The idea of making the school fully Hungarian again had been mooted as early as 1990, one of the triggers of the ethnic riots known as the Black March. From the 2005-2006 school year onwards, the Romanian classes were discontinued and the school became a fully Hungarian school again.
In the summer of 2007, the Reformed College's coat of arms (a white angel on a blue background) was ceremoniously reinstated on the school's facade at the World Alumni Meeting.
At present, the building owned by the Reformed Diocese of Transylvania is home to two schools, the Bolyai Farkas Lyceum and the Reformed College.
Former Calvinist Grammar School (New Building), Bolyai Farkas High School
Liceul Teoretic Bolyai Farkas
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Former Calvinist Grammar School (New Building), Bolyai Farkas High School
History
At the Hungarian country assembly held in Kolozsvár in 1556, the establishment of several new Reformed schools was discussed. The first known teacher of the school was Tordai Ádám, a graduate of the University of Wittenberg (1569). In February of the following year, in Gyulafehérvár, Queen Isabella of Hungary designated the former monastery of the Franciscan Order as the site of the institution, which was named Schola Particula. In 1601-1602, General Basta's imperial troops sacked the Castle Church, and the school was moved to the site where the Lyceum still stands today.
The students of the college of Sárospatak, expelled in 1671, were taken in by the college of Gyulafehérvár. They were expelled from there in 1716 by the Austrian military on the grounds of the defence of the local fortress. In 1718, the Schola Particula in Marosvásárhely took in the institution and its students, which elevated it to the rank of a college, the third in Transylvania, along with the ones in Nagyenyed and Kolozsvár. Its first permanent building was erected in the 1760s with the permission of Governor Hadik András. Between 1777 and 1779, with the help of the curator Teleki József, a new building was constructed to house the library and auditorium. Between 1801 and 1804, the north wing was added, which is still standing (although not in its original form), according to the plans of Ugrai László.
In 1794, law is introduced in the upper classes, followed three years later by natural history. On 27 September 1802, the college took possession of the first printing press in Marosvásárhely.
In May 1804, Bolyai Farkas delivered his inaugural address, marking the beginning of the institute's boom. Bolyai Farkas advocated the modernisation of education. His son, the famous mathematician Bolyai János, also studied here. Within the walls of the institute he discovered the foundations of his theory of relativity.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the old wing of the building was demolished and replaced by the present Art Nouveau building. The new building was constructed between 1908 and 1909 to the design of Baumgartner Sándor. It was confiscated by the Romanians after the Romanian occupation and became a state school.
In 1957, on the 400th anniversary of the institution's foundation, it took the name of Bolyai Farkas. The year 1960 was a sad year in the life of the secondary school, because it was converted into a mixed-language institution by the nationalist Romanian authorities. The idea of making the school fully Hungarian again had been mooted as early as 1990, one of the triggers of the ethnic riots known as the Black March. From the 2005-2006 school year onwards, the Romanian classes were discontinued and the school became a fully Hungarian school again.
In the summer of 2007, the Reformed College's coat of arms (a white angel on a blue background) was ceremoniously reinstated on the school's facade at the World Alumni Meeting.
At present, the building owned by the Reformed Diocese of Transylvania is home to two schools, the Bolyai Farkas Lyceum and the Reformed College.
Sapientia Transylvanian Hungarian University
Originally:
university / college
Currently:
university / college
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Sapientia Transylvanian Hungarian University
History
Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania (Sapientia EMTE) is a private Hungarian-language university in Romania, founded in 2000. Its main sponsor is the Hungarian state. The university operates with campuses in Kolozsvár, Marosvásárhely and Csíkszereda. The central offices of the university, the Rector's Office, and the Sapientia Foundation, which maintains the university - are located in Kolozsvár, in the house where Prince Bocskai István was born.
Theatre
Teatrul Național
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Theatre
History
The Romanian socialist authorities ordered the construction of the theatre, which led to the demolition of the Franciscan church and monastery in 1971. In return, the authorities allowed the Roman Catholic Archdiocese to start building the parish church of St. Imre in Liberty Street. The stained-glass windows of the Church of the Brothers can be seen in the church that was built.
The theatre opened in 1973. Its more modern style means it does not blend into the town centre. The theatre is bilingual, the Hungarian company is called the Tompa Miklós Company and the Romanian company is called the Liviu Rebreanu Company.
Museum of Ecclesiastical Art of the St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish
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Museum of Ecclesiastical Art of the St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish
History
The museum was established in 2002 thanks to the initiative of Archdeacon Csató Béla and Márton Judit, a specialist engineer in monument conservation. Initially, the exhibition material in the northern side gallery of the church consisted only of oil paintings, but later, as a result of continuous collecting, it was expanded with valuable objects made from gold and silver, sculptures, liturgical books and objects. The permanent exhibition opened on 24 June 2005.
On 28 March 1707, the last Transylvanian country assembly held in the Castle Church in Marosvásárhely elected Rákóczi Ferenc II as Prince. The Prince then received the congratulatory delegations on the upper floor of this house.
Former Industrian Museum of Székelyföld, Museum of Natural Sciences
Muzeul de Ştiinţele Naturii
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Former Industrian Museum of Székelyföld, Museum of Natural Sciences
History
As a result of the persistent lobbying of the Székely Cultural and Economic Association, with government support and local donations, the construction of the museum began in 1890, based on the plans of the architect Kiss István. It was cmpleted by 1893. The facade's tympanum is decorated with the sculptures of Róna József, with King Attila on the throne in the centre, and with female figures representing Transylvania and Hungary on the right and left.
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Steibel House
Originally:
pharmacy, house
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Steibel House
History
The Golden Deer pharmacy was opened here in 1782, which was run by Bernády György at the end of the 19th century. The pharmacy still exists today (although it has changed its name several times), and its furnishings retain the Bernády-era appearance.
Former Europe Hotel and Café
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse, restaurant / confectionery / café
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Former Europe Hotel and Café
History
The hotel was built at the end of the 19th century in eclectic style, owned by the Csernát family. After 1945 it was nationalised, both towers were demolished and most of the ornaments on the facade were removed. The café was furnished in the style of the cafés of Budapest, and later operated under the name of Loyd.
Former Méder Hotel and Restaurant
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse, hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Currently:
stadium / sports facility
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Former Méder Hotel and Restaurant
History
The house was built in the second half of the 19th century to house the headquarters of the Hungarian Industrialists' Association. It received its neoclassical facade thanks to the engineer Nagy Győző. On the ground floor there was a restaurant, on the first floor a meeting room, and in the courtyard wing a hotel, run by the widow of Méder Antal. After 1945 it was nationalised, part of its facade's decoration was removed and it is now used as a training hall for military athletes.
László House
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse, restaurant / confectionery / café
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László House
History
The house was built in the early 20th century as a hotel and café. The New York and later Mureșul restaurants were located here.
Former Agricultural Savings Bank
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Former Agricultural Savings Bank
History
It was built in 1903 as the first bank building in the town.
Former Bürger Brewery
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Former Bürger Brewery
History
It was the factory of Bürger Albert, a Jewish capitalist and one of the richest and most influential men in the city.
Town infrastructure
Rákóczi Stairs
Scările Rákóczi
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Rákóczi Stairs
History
This 70-step staircase was built in 1902 and named the Rákóczi Staircase, because Rákóczi Ferenc II, leader of the Hungarian War of Independence, was inaugurated as the Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely on 5 April 1707. It was built by the architect Soós Pál.
Private buildings
Roman Catholic Parish, House of Nagy Szabó Ferenc
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Roman Catholic Parish, House of Nagy Szabó Ferenc
History
In 1719, the Jesuits bought the house built by master tailor Nagy Szabó Ferenc in 1623, which they converted into a monastery. Nagy Szabó Ferenc was a well-off citizen and the judge of Görgény Castle. He took part in the campaigns of the princes of Transylvania. In 1614 he went to Constantinople as Transylvanian envoy. His memoirs, written in the 1650s, are an important historical source.
Görög House
Cercul Militar
Originally:
palace, town hall, bank
Currently:
military headquarters / administration
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Görög House
History
The house took its present form in the 1830s. In 1849, the Hungarian revolutionary poet Petőfi Sándor set out from here for the Battle of Segesvár, which is commemorated by a plaque on the building. It is now the House of the Army (Cercul Militar).
The corner house, built at the end of the 18th century as a one-storey building with Baroque style features, was added two storeys by the owner Görög József (probably a Greek merchant, who integrated into native Hungarians) between 1827 and 1828. At the time of the merchant's death, the St. George Street part of the building was still unfinished, completed in 1838 by the widow and descendants. In the middle of the 19th century, it was one of the tallest buildings in the town, with officials living on the upper floors and shops on the ground floor.
The house has hosted many balls and aristocratic events. Between 1848 and 1849, the building was used by the Town Council, as the old Council House was damaged and burnt down by the Austrian General Gedeon during the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. On 30 July 1849, the general staff of General Bem József was stationed in Marosvásárhely, and the poet Petőfi Sándor stayed here as a guest of the Görög family before leaving for the fateful battle of Segesvár, where he disappeared for ever. In 1852, Emperor Franz Joseph I also stayed here. From 1868, it was the seat of the Marosvásárhely Savings Bank, symbolised by the beehive embossed on the facade as a symbol of thrift. Established in 1868, it was the oldest and most prestigious Hungarian financial institution in the town.
In 1884, a memorial plaque was placed on the facade of the house in memory of Petőfi Sándor: Here was a man; from here he set out on a great journey, To become a star, his light will shine forever. In 1912, the Petőfi memorial column was erected on the square in front of the building, but it was vandalised after the Romanian takeover, later converted into a Romanian military monument, and then it was taken from the town by the Romanians during their flight after the Second Vienna Award.
After the communist nationalisation in 1948, the Görög House first became a grain collection centre and then the property of the Romanian Army. For a time, the White Horse Restaurant (not to be confused with the White Horse Inn on Kossuth Street) was located in the basement.
Papp Palace
Hotel Concordia
Originally:
palace, seat of an institution
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Papp Palace
History
The house was built in 1898 by the merchant Papp Zsigmond in an ornate neoclassical style. In 1918 it became the property of the Bányai family, and is therefore also known as the Bányai Palace. In the 1930s it was the seat of the National Hungarian Party (the political party of the Hungarian minority in Románia). Between 1948 and 1954 it housed a trade school, now it hosts a hotel (Concordia), offices and shops.
Kendeffy Palace, Tabula Regia
Palatul Kendeffy
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Kendeffy Palace, Tabula Regia
History
In 1789, the building was completed by Count Kendeffy Elek's widow, Bethlen Krisztina. It was built in the late Baroque-neoclassical style. On 1 June 1826, his son Kendeffy Ádám exchanged it for the two main square houses owned by the Tabula Regia of Transylvania. It was then remodelled for the institution according to the plans of Sófalvi József. It was the seat of the royal court of justice until 1849, but has been used by the legal authorities ever since. The new court and prison building was erected in its back yard.
Toldalagi Palace, Maros County Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art
Originally:
palace, printing press
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Toldalagi Palace, Maros County Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art
History
The 18th century Baroque building currently houses the ethnographic section of the County Museum. It is the first and the most important representative of the Baroque aristocratic palaces, which were built after the supreme court of Transylvania (Tabula Regia) was moved to Marosvásárhely. It was built between 1759 and 1772 based on the design of the French architect Jean Louis D'or. The interior decorations were made by Schmidt Pál and the sculptor Anton Schuchbauer. The palace was built by Count Toldalagi László, the side judge of the Tabula Regia, and his wife Wass Kata (the twin coat of arms and marble plaque on the facade commemorate them). In 1786, the printing house established by Kapsonczai Nyerges Ádám was located here, and in 1802 it was donated to the Reformed College. It was a bank in the 1920s, and after restoration work in the 1960s, the Maros County Museum's history department moved into the building, and then the ethnographic department in 1984.
Haller House
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Haller House
History
The house was built at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries by the wealthy Transylvanian landowner Haller family in Baroque style for winter accommodation. It was once the venue for sumptuous receptions and balls.
Palace of Teleki Domokos, Reformed Diocese of Maros
Marosi Református Egyházmegye
Currently:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
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Palace of Teleki Domokos, Reformed Diocese of Maros
History
The palace was built between 1801 and 1802 in the Baroque style by Teleki Domonkos, who was for a long time the ispán of Torda County. This house was the headquarters of General Bem József in January 1849. After the defeat of the Hungarian War of Independence, the first Austrian Imperial District Commissioner, the cavalry captain Eperjesi József, lived here. Since 1935 it has been owned by the Reformed Church, which renovated it between 1986 and 1987. In front of the building is a statue of Mayor Bernády György, erected in 1994.
Csonka Villa
Hotel Privo
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Csonka Villa
History
The villa was designed in 1910 by architect Csiszár Lajos in Art Nouveau style. The property was built by the photographer brother of the inventor of the carburettor, Csonka János. Csonka Géza was born in 1861 in Vajdahunyad, studied photography in Budapest, then settled in Marosvásárhely, where he also ran two photographic workshops.
Radó House
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Radó House
History
The apartment building was designed by Radó Sándor in 1912. Toroczkai Wigand Ede (1869-1945), architect, applied artist and writer, rented one of the apartments and redesigned the interiors to his own taste.
Bürger House, Golden Rooster Restaurant
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Bürger House, Golden Rooster Restaurant
History
On the site of the Bürger House, on the corner of Kossuth Street (today Str. Călărașilor) and Beer House Street (today Str. Sinaia), there was an inn addressed to the Two Pistols, owned by the town, where the traders, horse-copers and travellers stayed. The inn was a potential epidemic hotspot due to its neglect and the amount of manure it contained, so the city decided to close it down in 1895 and sold it to the capitalist Bürger Albert. He was one of the wealthiest and most influential men in the city at the end of the 19th century, owning many buildings and businesses, including the Beer House Street factory. In 1897, he built a neo-Baroque palace on the new plot of land as his own residence, with a park. Although the Bürger empire went bankrupt during the depression of the 1930s, the house remains in the Bürger family until 1944, and probably until nationalisation in 1949. In 1972, a restaurant was opened here under the name Golden Rooster. The interior was designed by architect Gyenes Tibor. The restaurant was closed in the mid-1990s.
Kalgovits House
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Kalgovits House
History
The house, built at the turn of the century, was designed by Radó Sándor, and was previously decorated with enamelled ceramics from the Zsolnay factory in Pécs. It was built by the writer Kalgovits Gyula.
Bissinger House
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Bissinger House
History
The house was built in the early 18th century in the Baroque style. In the 19th century it was given an eclectic look. On the ground floor was the richly furnished Corso Café. It was nationalised after 1945.
Vámos House
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Vámos House
History
Art Nouveau building dating from 1910. Earlier, from the mid-16th century, the Rosnyay and later the Szabó family mansion stood on this site.
Teacher's House on the site of the Bolyai House
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Teacher's House on the site of the Bolyai House
History
In 1804, the Reformed College of the town offered the post of teacher of mathematics to the famous scientist Bolyai Farkas, which included an apartment. In 1806, the college built a new house for Bolyai on the site of the old house, where Bolyai not only lived but also taught his outstanding students until his death in 1856. His son Bolyai János, the famous mathematician, also lived here. The building had to be demolished in 1901 and was replaced by the present eclectic residential building, which was used as a teacher's residence. A plaque on the wall of the house commemorates Bolyai Farkas and János.
Bányai House
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Bányai House
History
The eclectic style building was built in the early 20th century for the master butcher Bányai Béla. Not to be confused with the (Papp-)Bányai Palace, which stands on the opposite side of the Main Square. There were formerly wooden buildings in the area, which burnt down in 1876 in a fire that started in an annex to the Franciscan monastery. The ruins were eventually replaced by high-rise stone houses; in 1888, the headquarters of the Butcher's Industrial Association was built here, including the Great Butchery. The Bányai House was built next to it between 1904 and 1907 for the butcher Bányai Béla, probably designed by Nagy Győző and built by Soós Pál. The Édeslyuk restaurant was located in the courtyard.
The former mayor Bernády György lived in the first floor apartment between 1936 and 1937, after selling his villa in Kosárdomb to the brewer Bürger Albert. In 1948, after the communist takeover, the building was nationalised and the restaurant closed. Today it houses apartments and shops on the ground floor.
House of Csiki Márton, Bornemissza House
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House of Csiki Márton, Bornemissza House
History
The ground floor of the house of the Armenian merchant Csiki Márton (c.1750 - 1828) was completed in 1803, the upper floor around 1811. The merchant's father, also Csíki Márton, came to Marosvásárhely from Erzsébetváros in the 1750s. His son was already one of the wealthiest citizens of the town. In 1862, his sons Márton and Gergely were the largest private landowners in the town. At the beginning of the 20th century, the building was bought by the Swiss-born engineer Pontet Sándor. After the Second World War, it was used as a shoe factory until the early 21st century, and the interior was significantly modified.
Makariás House
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Makariás House
History
In 1773 the future Emperor Joseph II was accommodated here, as it was the most suitable building in the town. Makariás Walles János appeared in Marosvásárhely in the 1750s as a tenant of the right to brew Beer. In 1760 he took the oath of citizenship and was elected a member of the Council of Jurors. In 1778 he became mayor of the town. He also traded in cattle, horses and timber. He died in 1784, leaving a considerable fortune. He began building the house with his first wife, Anna-Maria Zeidler, whose good business sense was a key factor in the accumulation of his fortune. She died in 1765 and the building was not fully completed until the early 1770s. It was bought by Teleki József in 1813. In the 1850s, it became the property of Engel József, a doctor, who renovated the building and gave it a new look. In 1864, the Reformed parish bought it from him and had it converted into a girls' grammar school, which operated for three decades. On 24 June 1896 it almost burned down, by which time the school was no longer in operation. The parish had it rebuilt in the neo-Baroque style later that year, according to the plans of Flesch Adolf, and it was then that it acquired its present appearance.
Holbach House
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Holbach House
History
The house was once owned by the Holbach merchant family.
Gáspár House
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Gáspár House
History
The house was built in the mid-19th century in the late Baroque-eclectic style. In the 1970s, the alleyway called Little Street, which used to connect the market square with the Upper Town, was removed to extend the facade.
House of Csiszár Ádám
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House of Csiszár Ádám
History
The house was built in the early 19th century in the Baroque style by an unknown builder. At the beginning of the 20th century it became the property of the Csiszár family, the old furrier family. Csiszár Ádám Sr. expanded the street facade with a gateway. On the ground floor was his workshop, founded in 1656.
Köpeczi–Teleki House
Originally:
house, school, library, museum, casino
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Köpeczi–Teleki House
History
The 16th century Transylvanian patrician house is the oldest surviving residential building in Marosvásárhely, and it was also once the largest building in the town. It was built in 1554 by Köpeczi Nagy Tamás in Renaissance style. The builder served as a town judge and as a tenant of the Transylvanian treasury revenues under Queen Isabella.
The house was bought by the town in 1636 to accommodate princes and other high-ranking guests arriving in Marosvásárhely. Among others, Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania stayed here after a hunting trip to Görgény.
In the early 18th century it was owned by the Jesuits who moved back to the town, and in 1717 it served as a school for the Reformed students expelled from Gyulafehérvár (it was merged with the Reformed school of the town in 1718 under the name of Reformed College). In 1756, Count Teleki László bought the building from the Borbély family, and between 1763 and 1768 it was renovated in the Baroque style under the guidance of German architect Paul Schmidt.
Between 1808 and 1812 it was rebuilt again, the arcaded plinth on the ground floor was walled in, and the facade on the upper floor was given a neoclassical style. It was then that the house acquired its present appearance.
In 1808, the new owner of the house, Count Teleki József, set up a library and a museum (natural history and mineralogical collection) in the building, which was admired by foreign eminent persons. From 1845, the Hungarian Gentleman's Casino, where grand balls and dances were held, was housed here.
Henter House
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Henter House
History
The house was built in the second half of the 17th century or early 18th century in the Baroque style. In the 80s of the 18th century it was owned by the Bethlen family, but in 1805 it was already mentioned as Tholdalagi or Henter House.
Faigenbaum House
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Faigenbaum House
History
The Faigenbaum family house was built between 1906 and 1907 in Art Nouveau style, based on the plans of architect Keleti Béla. For a time it was also the police station. When it was renovated in 1959, the facade was stripped of its original decoration.
Jenei House
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Jenei House
History
The house was built in the second half of the 19th century in an eclectic style, the builder is unknown. It came from the Hints family to the Jenei family, who owned land in Mezőcsávás, and was nationalized from them after 1945.
Kemény House, Hungarian Casino
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Kemény House, Hungarian Casino
History
The Kemény House was built in the 18th century in the Baroque style by the Kemény baronial family. The building has changed its purpose many times over the years. At the beginning of the century, in 1907, it was the seat of the Hungarian Gentleman's Casino, and in 1921 it became the property of the Romanian State Security. For a short time after the town was returned to Hungary, the building was used as the headquarters of the Catholic Bachelor's Association.
Tolnai House, Pálffy House, University of Arts
Currently:
university / college
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Tolnai House, Pálffy House, University of Arts
History
The Baroque town house was built in the 17th century by Tolnai János, the judge of the town and landowner of Folyfalva. From 1885 it was owned by the Pálffy family. It was nationalised after 1945. Today it houses the Faculty of Music of the University of Theatre Arts.
Dudutz House
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Dudutz House
History
The house was built in the second half of the 18th century in Baroque style. The Tabula Regia, the supreme court of Transylvania, was located for a time on its upper floor. It was originally owned by the Bucher family, and later the wealthy Dudutz merchant family acquire the building by marriage, who ran a grocery shop on the ground floor under the name of Black Dog. In 1970 part of the rear wings of the house collapsed. Then a market hall was built in the courtyard.
Kárnász House
Casa Kárnász
Originally:
house, commercial building
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Kárnász House
History
The house was built in 1824 by the wealthy Petráskó family of merchants in the neoclassical style for residential and commercial use. It was later bought by the Bíró and later the Gajzágó families. The last known owner was Mrs Kárnász, a daughter of the Gajzágó family. It is of outstanding value mainly because of the wall paintings in it.
Memorials
Statue of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania
History
The statue of Transylvania's greatest prince was erected in 2020.
Memorial to the Székely Martyrs
Sie, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
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statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Memorial to the Székely Martyrs
History
The monument commemorates the Székely martyrs of the anti-Habsburg Makk conspiracy (Primor Gálfi Mihály of Martonos, Török János of Bágy, Horváth Károly of Nagyvárad) executed in Maroevásárhely on 10 March 1854. The sculpture was commissioned to the sculptor Aradi Zsigmond on 10 August 1873 and unveiled on 27 June 1875. The obelisk, erected by public donation on the site of the execution, is a 6 metre high granite column with a reclining lion wounded by an arrow on its base holding the national flag between its front legs, and the Hungarian coat of arms on two crossed swords below. Since 1875, 15 March ceremonies and commemorations (Hungarian Revolution) have been held here. Since 2012, on the anniversary of the execution, the Day of Székely Freedom has been celebrated at the monument. Miraculously, this Hungarian memorial was not torn down by the Romanian invaders in 1919.
Statue of Bolyai Farkas and János
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Bolyai Farkas and János
History
In 1831, Bolyai János created the non-Euclidean geometry in his work Appendix. Unfortunately for him, his premature discovery was not understood until much later. It was not until 1894 that a memorial column was erected on his unmarked grave, and then in 1911 he was reburied with great pomp next to his father, Bolyai Farkas. Although they were not born in Marosvásárhely, the work of the Bolyai family is closely linked to the town: Bolyai Farkas was a teacher at the Reformed College, and Bolyai János was a student at the college, one of the greatest figures of Hungarian science. The two-figure stone statue, the work of Izsák Márton and Csorvássy István, was unveiled in 1957 in Bolyai Square, in front of the Reformed Lyceum, on the 400th anniversary of the school's foundation, when it took the name of Bolyai Farkas.
Destroyed Statue of Kossuth Lajos
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statue / memorial / relief
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Destroyed Statue of Kossuth Lajos
History
The 3.2 metre high bronze statue of Kossuth Lajos was unveiled in 1899. He was the political leader of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence. The work by Köllő Miklós stood in the upper part of the main square, between the St John the Baptist Parish and the Apollo Palace.
Kossuth Lajos has always been respected by the people of Marosvásárhely: he was elected the town's first honorary citizen, a street was named after him, and his life-size painting adorned the assembly hall. After his death, in the spring of 1894, a committee was set up to erect a statue of Kossuth on the main square. The bronze statue, standing on a granite base and measuring 3.2 metres in height, was made by Köllő Miklós and unveiled in 1899 in front of the Catholic parish, near the music fountain.
In 1919, it suffered a fate similar to that of the Bem statue: the Romanians knocked it down and took it away. The bronze was later cast into eagle figures to decorate Romanian military monuments. The shattered pedestal was thrown into the Maros River below the dam, where it was still visible at low water levels at the end of the 20th century. The Romanians built their new Orthodox cathedral on the site of the statue.
Bust of Bishop Márton Áron
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
Note:
In the backyard of the St. John the Baptist parish church.
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Bust of Bishop Márton Áron
History
Márton Áron was a Transylvanian Catholic bishop persecured by the communists. In 2000, a bust made by Izsák Márton was unveiled in the courtyard behind the parish church of St John the Baptist in the town centre, in a small green area in front of the Deus Providebit community centre.
Statue of Aranka György
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statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Aranka György
History
The statue of Aranka György (1737-1817), 18th century writer and cultural organiser, was erected in 2008. Its creator is Gyarmathy János; the stone blocks of the pedestal are decorated with copperplates of the accented and double letters of the Hungarian alphabet. Aranka founded the Transylvanian Hungarian Language Society and became its secretary. In several of his works he warned of the need to cultivate the Hungarian language.
Destroyed Memorial to Petőfi Sándor
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
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Destroyed Memorial to Petőfi Sándor
History
Petőfi Sándor was the poet of the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. The monument was erected at the initiative of Mayor Dr. Bernády György, with donations from large contractors working in the city, at the end of November 1912, in front of the St. John the Baptist Parish and the Savings Bank (former Görög House). On the tall stone obelisk, a bronze plaque by the Budapest sculptor Kallós Ede depicted the figure of Petőfi among the figures of General Bem József and the muse, striking his sword as he marched off to battle. In 1913 the city council planned to place a Turul bird on top of the monument. The statue was cast in bronze in Budapest and part of the cost was paid for, but the First World War thwarted the project. Its inscription commemorated Petőfi Sándor's stay in Marosvásárhely: 'The sadly glorious memory that the poet set out from the capital of Székelyland on his last journey to die for freedom'.
In 1919, the occupying Romanians removed the bronze plaque, and in 1923, a statue of a Romanian soldier by the Bucharest sculptor Ion Schmidt-Faur was placed on the obelisk pedestal. The new military monument disappeared in 1940, and there is conflicting information about its fate - some sources say it was dismantled, others that it was removed by the departing Romanian invaders.
Statue of Petőfi Sándor
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Petőfi Sándor
History
Petőfi Sándor was the poet of the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. The bronze statue of Petőfi Sándor, the work of Hunyadi László, was unveiled in December 2000 in a small park at the intersection of Kossuth Lajos and Arany János streets. A bust of Rákóczi Ferenc II once stood on this site, which was torn down by the occupying Romanians in 1919.
Statue of Mayor Bernády György
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statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Mayor Bernády György
History
The statue of Mayor Bernády György was unveiled in front of the Teleki House in 1994. Marosvásárhely became a modern city during his mayoralty in the early 20th century. The bronze sculpture was made by Bocskai Vince, a sculptor from Szováta.
Destroyed Bust of Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
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Destroyed Bust of Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
History
Rákóczi Ferenc II, the leader of the Hungarian War of Independence was proclaimed Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely, and during the dualism (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) several public places bore Rákóczi's name. In 1907, on the 200th anniversary of his inauguration, a bust of Rákóczi was unveiled in a small park at the intersection of Kossuth Street and Arany János Street (where the Petőfi statue now stands). It was the work of the sculptor Székely Károly from Marosvásárhely, and was based on a depiction of the prince by Mányoki Ádám. In 1919 the occupying Romanians removed this statue, along with the other Hungarian statues.
Destroyed Statue of General Bem József
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statue / memorial / relief
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Destroyed Statue of General Bem József
History
The Polish Bem József was a prominent figure of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, commander-in-chief of the Transylvanian army. The statue of Bem used to stand on Széchenyi Square in the centre of Marosvásárhely, but on 28 March 1919 the occupying Romanians knocked it down, damaged it and removed it along with the other Hungarian statues. In 1928, the Romanian authorities claimed that the statue had been handed over to Poland, but it later turned out that it never arrived in Poland.
At the National Defence Assembly held in Budapest on 20-21 August 1868, the proposal to erect a statue in honour of General Bem in Marosvásárhely was adopted. The competition was won by the sculptor Huszár Adolf. The pedestal was made of marble from Ditró by Szelecki Lajos.
The three-metre bronze statue was unveiled on 17 October 1880. Polish delegates were invited to the occasion, arriving by train and receiving an official salute at the station. A collection was organised for the two sisters of Bem József.
Bust of Town Judge Borsos Tamás
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statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of Town Judge Borsos Tamás
History
Borsos Tamás (1566-1634) was the town judge of Marosvásárhely from 1599 to 1604, and in this capacity he initiated the construction of the castle in 1602. The bronze bust commemorates the builder of the castle in front of the western wall of the castle. The Latin inscription on the stone arch reads: In memoriam aedificatoris arcis (In memory of the builder of the fortress). It was made by Kiss Levente and unveiled in June 2000.
Bust of Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
History
In 2004, a statue of the prince was erected at the western end of the Castle Promenade, near the Rákóczi stairs. It is the work of Pokorny Attila. There was an earlier statue in the town, on the site of the current Petőfi statue, which was destroyed by the Romanian invaders in 1919.
Rákóczi Ferenc II, the leader of the Hungarian War of Independence was proclaimed Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely, and during the dualism (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) several public places bore Rákóczi's name. In 1907, on the 200th anniversary of his inauguration, a bust of Rákóczi was unveiled in a small park at the intersection of Kossuth Street and Arany János Street (where the Petőfi statue now stands). It was the work of the sculptor Székely Károly from Marosvásárhely, and was based on a depiction of the prince by Mányoki Ádám. In 1919 the occupying Romanians removed this statue, along with the other Hungarian statues.
Statue of Kőrösi Csoma Sándor
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Kőrösi Csoma Sándor
History
Kőrösi Csoma Sándor (1784-1842) was a famous Hungarian traveller, founder of Tibetology, creator of the Tibetan-English dictionary and grammar. During his travels to the East he also researched the origins of the Hungarians.
Between 1940 and 1944, Marosvásárhely was again part of Hungary, and the Civil Boys' School (later Petru Maior University) took the name of philologist and orientalist Kőrösi Csoma Sándor. In 1941, Dabóczi Mihály was asked to make a statue of Kőrösi, which would be erected near the school, at the southern wall of the castle (next to the Cooper's Bastion). The statue, the work of Dabóczy Mihály, was unveiled in September 1943. In 1944, the Romanians returning with the Red Plague knocked it down and broke off its head. In the 1950s, the Party Committee approved the restoration of the statue, giving in to the demands of Hungarian students, so Kulcsár Béla restored the statue and in 1962 it was erected on the Castle Promenade, north-east of the castle.
Bust of Bartók Béla
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Bust of Bartók Béla
History
In 1981, Bartók Béla was commemorated on the 100th anniversary of the composer's birth. It was created by Izsák Márton. The Hungarian composer gave concerts in Marosvásárhely in 1912 and 1922.
Bust of Petru Maior
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Bust of Petru Maior
History
Statue of Petru Maior, historian and national movement leader. In 2001, it was unveiled in front of the university building named after him, the building of the former Civil School for Boys, which was stolen by the Romanian invaders. Sculpted by Florin Strejac.
Memorial to Vályi Gyula
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Memorial to Vályi Gyula
History
Vályi Gyula (1855-1913) mathematician, university professor. His father, Vályi Károly, was a judge of Marosvásárhely and curator of the local Reformed parish, and his mother, Dósa Ráchel, was the daughter of Dósa Gergely, the first law professor of the Reformed College of Marosvásárhely. His memorial was unveiled in 2012, next to the southern wall of the castle. It was made by Miholcsa József.
Replica of the Capitoline Wolf
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Replica of the Capitoline Wolf
History
After the First World War, Italy donated five copies of the statue of the Capitoline Wolf to Romania, in recognition of the Romanians' supposed Latin origin. The Romanians erected them in the Hungarian majority cities of the freshly conquered Transylvania. One of the bronze statues was erected in 1924 in Marosvásárhely, in the park in front of the Palace of Public Administration (former Town Hall).
Ironically, in 1940, the Hungarian city was returned to Hungary through the diplomatic intervention of Italy (Second Vienna Award), which was keen to revive the Roman Empire.
The leaving Vlach invaders transported the statue to Torda, where it still stands today. In 1991, the Romanian occupiers of the city made a replica and re-installed it in front of the Palace of Public Administration.
Statue of Emil Dandea
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Statue of Emil Dandea
History
After the Romanian invasion in 1918, the mayor of the almost entirely Hungarian town had to be Romanian, and he was called Dandea. He started to change the character of the town, which managed to preserve its Hungarian majority until the 1990s. The statue made by Anton Rațiu was unveiled in 1996.
Bust of Papiu Ilarian
Bustul lui Al. Papiu Ilarian
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Bust of Papiu Ilarian
History
Alexandru Papiu Ilarian was also the leader of the Vlach mob that wiped out entire Hungarian villages in 1848-49.
During the 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence Vlach rebels led by Avram Iancu murdered thousands of innocent Hungarian civilians in a bestial manner, depopulating entire villages, taking advantage of the fact that the Hungarian military was busy liberating Transylvania from Austrian rule.
After the Romanian invasion, in 1919, the school named after Papiu was founded, which of course was housed in the stolen building of a former Hungarian school, the girls' grammar school. A bust of Papiu, by Ion Schmidt-Faur, was unveiled in front of the school building in December 1930. Following the Second Vienna Award, the statue was taken by the leaving Romanian invaders to Nagyenyed, where, in January 1849, the Vlach mob massacred a thousand Hungarian civilians in a particularly inhuman manner and froze to death another thousand fleeing the barbarians. Unfortunately the Romanian authorities returned to Transylvania with the Red Plague, and the bust was brought back to Marosvásárhely in 1957.
Bust of Mihai Viteazul
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Bust of Mihai Viteazul
History
Mihai Viteazul was Voivode of Wallachia who raided and pillaged Transylvania murdering thousand of Hungarians and Saxons between 1599-1600. The Romanian falsification of history claims him to be the first great unifier, but in fact he unified nothing, he usurped power in Transylvania for a time as a governor of the Habsburg emperor, which he used for his activities mentioned above, and was therefore banished. It was he who desecrated and plundered the tombs of Hunyadi János and the Szapolyai dynasty in the cathedral of Gyulafehervár. His statue was donated to Marosvásárhely by the Prahova County Council in 2003 and moved to its current location in 2007, on Bernády György Square.
Bust of Grigore Vieru
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Bust of Grigore Vieru
History
A statue of the Moldavian poet, who strengthened the national consciousness of Moldovan Romanians, was erected in 2013 in front of the Eminescu Youth House. Created by Romi Adam.
Bust of Aurel Filimon
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Bust of Aurel Filimon
History
The bronze bust of the ethnographer and museum director was unveiled in 2014 in the street named after him.
Equestrian Statue of Avram Iancu
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Equestrian Statue of Avram Iancu
History
Avram Iancu began his activities in 1848 in Marosvásárhely and became the military leader of the Vlach rebels, who murdered thousands of innocent Hungarian civilians in a bestial manner, depopulating entire villages, taking advantage of the fact that the Hungarian soldiers were busy liberating Transylvania from Austrian rule.
The first double life-size bronze statue of the Vlach mass murderer was created by Ion Dimitriu-Bârlad after the Romanian occupation of Transylvania, and was unveiled in 1930 in a provocative manner at the south-western end of the main square of the Hungarian-inhabited town. After the Second Vienna Award, the leaving invaders moved it to Topánfalva, where it still stands today. Unfortunately Romanian authorities returned to Transylvania with the Red Plague, and in 1978 a new stone statue of Iancu was erected in the Main Square (the creation of Bucharest sculptor Florin Codre), this time in the north-eastern part of the square, in front of the Orthodox Cathedral. The choice of location is ideal, as during the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Orthodox priests were also inciting the Vlach mob to exterminate the Hungarians. The site was previously occupied by a fountain decorated with statues of peace.
Memorial to the Victims of the Soviet Terror
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Memorial to the Victims of the Soviet Terror
History
Erected in 2004, the work of Ioan Vasile Grama.
Memorial to the Heroes of the Battle on the Don River
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Behind the gate to the Roman Catholic cemetery.
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Memorial to the Heroes of the Battle on the Don River
History
Erected on 29 May 2005 in memory of the 100-120 thousand Hungarians who died fighting against the Soviet Union in the Don Bend in 1942-1943, the work of sculptor Bocskai Vince.
Bust of Károli Gáspár
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Next to the entrance of the Calvinist castle church.
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Bust of Károli Gáspár
History
Reformed pastor Károli Gáspár (1529-1592) was the author of the first complete translation of the Bible into Hungarian. He started translating the Bible in 1586. The printing of the Károli Bible began on 18 February 1589 and was completed in Vizsoly on 20 July 1590.
In 2017, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, the busts of John Calvin and Károli Gáspár were unveiled at the entrance to the Castle Church (the works of Péterfy László and Deák Árpád, respectively).
Bust of John Calvin
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Next to the entrance of the Calvinist castle church.
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Bust of John Calvin
History
In 2017, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, the busts of John Calvin and Károli Gáspár were unveiled at the entrance to the Castle Church (the works of Péterfy László and Deák Árpád, respectively).
Calvinist Cemetery
Cimitirul Reformat
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Calvinist Cemetery
History
Established in 1617 on the side of Somostető Hill, it is one of the oldest and most valuable cemetery in Transylvania. The mortuary in the centre was built in 1698 of Turkey oak, without iron nails. A small demonstration garden of the most valuable 17th-19th century gravestones in Latin and Hungarian was also created. The mayor Bernády György, the founder of modern Marosvásárhely, is buried here. Wooden memorial columns (kopjafa) has been erected over the graves of Bolyai Farkas and János, with signposts directing to it.
Museums and Galleries
Palace of Culture
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museum, library, dancing / concert hall
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museum, library, dancing / concert hall
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Palace of Culture
History
In 1907, a bill proposed the establishment of community centres in rural towns to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the coronation of Franz Joseph. The Palace of Culture was built in the Hungarian Art Nouveau style between 1911 and 1913, during the term of Mayor Bernády György. The Palace of Culture is a significant example of the Hungarian Art Nouveau architectural movement started by Lechner Ödön. The competition for the Palace of Culture was won by Komor Marcell and Jakab Dezső with a three-storey building design, only later to be converted into a four-storey building at the request of Mayor Bernády György. Construction began in 1911 and by 1913 the interior decoration was completed. It housed a concert hall, music school, museum and library. On the ground floor there were shops and a café.
The windows are decorated with scenes from Hungarian sagas. The roof is covered with blue, red and white tiles made by the famous Zsolnay factory. On the third floor, the exterior facade is decorated with a mosaic by Körösfői-Kriesch Aladár entitled "Homage to Hungaria". In the centre, an allegorical female figure of Hungaria is seated on a throne, with the Hungarian crown on her head and a sword in her hand. On either side of the mosaic stands Athena in a helmet. The angel on the left is holding the coat of arms of Marosvásárhely and the angel on the right is holding the coat of arms of King Matthias. On the main facade, the sculptures and reliefs are made of stone and bronze, and are called the national pantheon. The Mirror Room on the first floor has four windows topped with copper-plated half-domes and their parapets are decorated with portraits of Hungarian writers (Kazinczy Ferenc, Tompa Mihály, Kemény Zsigmond, etc.). The parapets of the windows on the second floor are decorated with portraits of great figures of Hungarian literature, science and art carved in stone (including Teleki Sámuel, Bolyai Ferenc, Bolyai János, Mentovich Ferenc). The four bronze reliefs above the gates depict St. Elisabeth of Hungary, Bolyai János and Farkas, Aranka György and Katona József's play Bánk bán set to music by Erkel Ferenc.
The large concert hall on the ground floor can accommodate 800 people. The foyer is 45 metres long. The walls are covered with 12 stained-glass compositions designed by Thorozkai-Wigand Ede and Nagy Sándor for the 1914 San Francisco World's Fair, but history intervened: the First World War broke out. The Mirror Room, the smallest hall in the palace, is a real gem. On the third floor is the Fine Arts Museum, with over a thousand works of art. The library contains more than 1 million volumes.
Toldalagi Palace, Maros County Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art
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palace, printing press
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Toldalagi Palace, Maros County Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art
History
The 18th century Baroque building currently houses the ethnographic section of the County Museum. It is the first and the most important representative of the Baroque aristocratic palaces, which were built after the supreme court of Transylvania (Tabula Regia) was moved to Marosvásárhely. It was built between 1759 and 1772 based on the design of the French architect Jean Louis D'or. The interior decorations were made by Schmidt Pál and the sculptor Anton Schuchbauer. The palace was built by Count Toldalagi László, the side judge of the Tabula Regia, and his wife Wass Kata (the twin coat of arms and marble plaque on the facade commemorate them). In 1786, the printing house established by Kapsonczai Nyerges Ádám was located here, and in 1802 it was donated to the Reformed College. It was a bank in the 1920s, and after restoration work in the 1960s, the Maros County Museum's history department moved into the building, and then the ethnographic department in 1984.
Museum of Ecclesiastical Art of the St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish
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Museum of Ecclesiastical Art of the St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish
History
The museum was established in 2002 thanks to the initiative of Archdeacon Csató Béla and Márton Judit, a specialist engineer in monument conservation. Initially, the exhibition material in the northern side gallery of the church consisted only of oil paintings, but later, as a result of continuous collecting, it was expanded with valuable objects made from gold and silver, sculptures, liturgical books and objects. The permanent exhibition opened on 24 June 2005.
On 28 March 1707, the last Transylvanian country assembly held in the Castle Church in Marosvásárhely elected Rákóczi Ferenc II as Prince. The Prince then received the congratulatory delegations on the upper floor of this house.
Former Industrian Museum of Székelyföld, Museum of Natural Sciences
Muzeul de Ştiinţele Naturii
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Former Industrian Museum of Székelyföld, Museum of Natural Sciences
History
As a result of the persistent lobbying of the Székely Cultural and Economic Association, with government support and local donations, the construction of the museum began in 1890, based on the plans of the architect Kiss István. It was cmpleted by 1893. The facade's tympanum is decorated with the sculptures of Róna József, with King Attila on the throne in the centre, and with female figures representing Transylvania and Hungary on the right and left.
{"item":"town","set":{"mapcenter":{"lat":"46.5462280000","long":"24.5645580000"},"townlink":"marosvasarhely-targu-mures","town":{"townId":85,"active":1,"name_HU":"Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely","name_LO":"T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219","name_GE":"Neumarkt","name_LT":"Novum Forum Siculorum","seolink":"marosvasarhely-targu-mures","listorder":3,"oldcounty":41,"country":4,"division":23,"altitude":"330","gps_lat":"46.5462280000","gps_long":"24.5645580000","population":133,"hungarian_2011":42.81,"population_1910":25517,"hungarian_1910":89.31,"german_1910":2.37,"slovak_1910":0,"romanian_1910":6.73,"rusin_1910":0,"serbian_1910":0,"croatian_1910":0,"slovenian_1910":0,"coatofarms":"","coatofarms_ref":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radueduard, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Culturii_din_T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Culturii din T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Palatul_Culturii_din_T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99_01.jpg\/512px-Palatul_Culturii_din_T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Culturii_din_T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99_01.jpg\u0022\u003ERadueduard\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","georegion":"Marossz\u00e9k, Transylvanian Basin","river":"Maros","description":"The town was founded by the Sz\u00e9kelys, and from the very beginning it was a market town. The Sz\u00e9kelys had equal rights with the nobles, owned their own land, paid mostly no taxes, in return they were obliged to go to war one by one to defend Hungary from foreign invasions. The town has hosted the Diet 36 times. The Franciscan church was fortified by the Transylvanian vajda B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n to subdue the free Sz\u00e9kely people, but the resistance of the Sz\u00e9kelys caused him to be deposed by King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II of Hungary. Its Reformed college, founded in 1557, was the first Hungarian-language school in Transylvania, until then education had been in Latin. In 1602, the construction of the castle began under the leadership of Borsos Tam\u00e1s, the town magistrate, after the ravages of General Basta's imperial army. In 1616, Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania raised it to the status of a free royal town. It was here that the last prince, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, was elected during the 1703-1711 Hungarian War of Independence. At the end of the 18th century, Count Teleki S\u00e1muel, Chancellor of Transylvania, moved his famous library, the Teleki T\u00e9ka, to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. In 1861 it became the seat of Marossz\u00e9k. In 1876, the Sz\u00e9kely seats were abolished during the modernisation of the public administration, and it became the seat of Maros-Torda County. At the beginning of the 20th century, under the mayoralty of Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy, the town was rapidly modernised, with the construction of the Art Nouveau Town Hall (now County Hall) and the Palace of Culture. After the Romanian invasion in 1918, the Hungarian statues were torn down, a Romanian mayor was appointed and more and more Romanians were settled in the town. From 1952 to 1968 it was the centre of the Hungarian autonomous region, created under Soviet pressure, which was then abolished by the Romanians. It retained its Hungarian majority until the 1990s, but they still make up almost half of the population.","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@1260|The Franciscans built a new Gothic church on the site of the former Dominican church destroyed during the Mongol invasion. The church was completed in 1446.@#6|@1323|The settlement was mentioned as Novum Forum Siculorum (New Sz\u00e9kely Marketplace). The settlement was established at the end of the 12th century or at the beginning of the 13th century.@1349|The settlement was called Sekulvasarhel (Sz\u00e9kely Marketplace). According to a theory, it was named after the village of Sz\u00e9kelyfalva (mentioned for the first time in 1467 and disappeared during the 17th century). The Sz\u00e9kelys were organized into special administrative units called seats (sz\u00e9k). They elected their leaders themselves, had equal rights with the nobles, owned their lands and were mostly exempt from taxation. In exchange for all these privileges, they were obliged to enlist as soldiers in the event of an external attack on Hungary.@1405|King Sigismund of Hungary granted the town right to hold fairs.@1437|The three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Sz\u00e9kelys and the Saxons) formed an alliance in K\u00e1polna (Union of K\u00e1polna). This union gained its true significance after 1570, when Transylvania became an independent principality due to the Turkish conquest of central Hungary. These three nations were represented in the Transylvanian Diet, and they elected the prince. Vlach migrants (mostly shepherds and peasants) were a small minority at the time and were excluded from the political power just like Hungarian peasants.@since 1439|Country assemblies were held in the town 36 times.@around 1440|A bell tower was built for the Gothic parish church.@1492|Vajda B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania fortified the Franciscan monastery in order to break down the resistance of the free Sz\u00e9kely people. It was a pentagonal castle reinforced with towers. He fortified the church of Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely as well. His plan finally failed due to the resistance of the Sz\u00e9kelys and King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II of Hungary removed him from the position of vajda of Transylvania.@1506|The army of Tomori P\u00e1l was defeated by the Sz\u00e9kelys next to the town. The Sz\u00e9kelys rose up against the extraordinary ox tax levied on the occasion of the birth of the son of King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II (later King Louis II of Hungary).@#8|@#9|@16th century|The castle church was taken from the Franciscans and was used by the Protestants after the Reformation.@1557|A Calvinist college was established, which was the first Hungarian language school in Transylvania (previously Latin was the language of education).@#10|@1571|The country assembly of Transylvania held in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely by Prince John II confirmed the freedom of religion, including for the Unitarian faith.@#12|@after 1600|The imperial mercenaries of General Basta sacked and burned the settlement. The inhabitants who survived fled to the Saxon town of Brass\u00f3 with the leadership of town judge Borsos Tam\u00e1s. The judge studied the strong walls of Brass\u00f3, and as the situation became more peaceful, he returned to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and after great debates, he managed to convince the survivors of the inhabitants to surround the restored parish church with walls. Strangely, General Basta himself also gave his consent to the fortifications. A larger area was surrounded with walls reinforced with thick walled cannon towers. These were maintained and defended by the guilds of the town according to medieval custom. The first walls and ramparts were raised hurriedly from earth and wood, which were later reconstructed from stone. According to the contemporary documents, the constructions were still going on in the 1620s and 1630s.@1602|N\u00e9meth Gergely set the remaining houses of the town on fire.@1602|The reconstruction of the castle started under the leadership of judge Borsos Tam\u00e1s, but it was completed between 1614 and 1653.@July 2, 1602|General Giorgio Basta defeated the army of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes at T\u00f6vis. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes became the leader of the Transylvanian uprising against the Habsburg Empire after the battle of Goroszl\u00f3. Basta took control of Transylvania once again and started a bloody extermination campaign against the Hungarians.@1603|General Basta left Transylvania with his imperial army. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes set out from Temesv\u00e1r with Sz\u00e9kely and Turkish armies to liberate Transylvania. The estates of Transylvania, having enough of Basta\u2019s terror, welcomed him in Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r and elected him Prince of Transylvania on 9 May. The Habsburgs mobilized their vassal, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia, who attacked the camp of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes at Brass\u00f3 at night on 17 July. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.@1603|Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes, the only Sz\u00e9kely prince of Transylvania, visited the town when he liberated Transylvania temporarily from the Habsburg rule.@#13|@#14|@1616|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania granted Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely the status of free royal town. The town\u2019s Romanian name T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 and its German name Neumarkt am Mieresch are both translations of the Hungarian name. Previously, the Vlachs called the town O\u0219orhei, which is how the Vlachs could pronounce the Hungarian name V\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. It was the only free royal town in Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld.@#15|@#16|@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@1658|The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Mehmed captured Jen\u0151 Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay \u00c1kos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.@1658|The town was attacked and burned by Turkish and Vlach raiders. Three thousand people were enslaved.@1659|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay \u00c1kos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.@May 22, 1660|In the battle of S\u00e1szfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.@November 1660|Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, the former commander of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, defeated the army of G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, the brother of Prince Barcsay Andr\u00e1s, at \u00d6rm\u00e9nyes. Barcsay G\u00e1sp\u00e1r fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay \u00c1kos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos had Barcsay \u00c1kos captured and murdered.@1661|The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mih\u00e1ly Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@September 14, 1661|The castle was captured by a Turkish army. Pasha Ali forced the Estates of Transylvania to elect Apafi Mih\u00e1ly I Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@January 23, 1662|The deposed prince Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, having been abandoned by his imperial allies, was defeated by the Turks at Nagysz\u0151l\u0151s (near Segesv\u00e1r), where he fell.@1662|The town burned down due to the negligence of the Turkisk invaders.@#23|@#25|@1687|The imperial army that invaded Transylvania forced the town to pay tribute.@#26|@#27|@1704|The kuruc army of Kasz\u00e1s P\u00e1l captured the castle.@1706|The kuruc lieutenant general Pekry L\u0151rinc took the town back.@April 5, 1707|R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II was elected Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. The solemn ceremony was conducted by Bishop Thelekessy Istv\u00e1n of Eger. The castle didn\u2019t have significant military value by that time.@1707, 1709, 1719, 1738|Plague decimated the population.@1754|Empress Maria Theresia moved the supreme court of Transylvania (Tabula Regia) from Medgyes to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@1763|Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the border guard. She set up three Sz\u00e9kely and two Vlach border regiments. They started the forced conscription of the Sz\u00e9kelys, who resisted in defence of their traditions and privileges. The imperial army led by Baron Siskovics J\u00f3zsef attacked M\u00e1d\u00e9falva, where the Sz\u00e9kely leaders had gathered, and massacred 200 Sz\u00e9kelys, including women and children, with savage cannon fire on 7 January 1764. This event is known in history as the 'Madefalva Massacre' or 'Madefalva Calamity'.@1802|Teleki S\u00e1muel opened his library of 40 thousand volumes.@#28|@November 4, 1848|The Sz\u00e9kelys were defeated by the imperial army at Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and the town was occupied.@January 13, 1849|The Hungarian army of Mayor Tolnay took the town back from the imperials.@1849|Avram Iancu, the leader of the Vlach insurgents supporting the Habsburg Empire, was a lawyer from Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. He started an extermination campaign against the Hungarian population of Transylvania in October 1848. His insurgents slaughtered 700 unarmed people, including women and children, in Zalatna. They massacred the inhabitants of dozens of Hungarian settlements. 1000 people were slaughtered cruelly in Nagyenyed on 8 January 1849, another 1000 died fleeing in the cold, and the famous Calvinist college of the town was also destroyed. The massacres were instigated by Orthodox priests as well. The Vlachs took advantage of the situation, that the Hungarian military was busy liberating Transylvania from the imperial forces, and many Hungarian men joined the fight and were unable to protect their families left behind. The Vlachs were driven back to the mountains after the victories of General Bem J\u00f3zsef over the imperials. The Vlach method was simple and cruel. They made the people of the villages put down their weapons with intimidation and false promises, then slaughtered them and looted their corpses and houses. Avram Iancu is venerated as one of the greatest Romanian national heroes. 5 settlements, streets, squares, schools and even a university was named after him. He has many statues as well, the most bizarre of them is the one that stands in Nagyenyed, whose population was massacred by his men.@July 30, 1849|The great poet of the Hungarian revolution Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor and General Bem J\u00f3zsed set off for the battle of Segesv\u00e1r from Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. Pet\u0151fi disappeared in the battle for ever.@1851|Two veterans of the Hungarian War of Independence, Makk J\u00f3zsef and G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor, started a conspiracy against Habsburg oppression on behalf of Kossuth Lajos, who was in exile. Their main base was in Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld. They could not mobilize large masses due to the apathy that became widespread in Hungary. The conspiracy was revealed by an agent of the Habsburgs, who infiltrated into their ranks.@March 10, 1854|Three leaders of the Makk Conspiracy (T\u00f6r\u00f6k J\u00e1nos, Horv\u00e1th K\u00e1roly and G\u00e1lffy Mih\u00e1ly) were executed in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. The Memorial to the Sz\u00e9kely Martyrs was unveiled on the site of the execution on 27 June 1875. It is the artwork of the sculptor Aradi Zsigmond.@1861|The town became the centre of Maros Seat.@#30|@1876|Public administration was modernized and medieval structures were abolished in Hungary. The autonomy of the Sz\u00e9kelys was abolished and their traditional administrative units, the seats, were incorporated into the county system.@1876|A fire ravaged the town. Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely became the seat of Maros County.@1880|The statue of General Bem J\u00f3zsef was inaugurated. He was one of the greatest generals of the Hungarian War of Independence, who liberated most of Transylvania from the Habsburg imperial occupation. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders after 1918.@1893|The statue of Kossuth Lajos was inaugurated. He was the political leader of the Hungarian War of Independence. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders after 1918.@1907|The Bust of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II was unveiled. He was the leader of the Hungarian War of Independence between 1703 and 1711. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders after 1918.@1923|The Romanian invaders tore down the statues of General Bem J\u00f3zsef, Kossuth Lajos and Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II.@early 20th century|The town developed spectacularly. The town centre gained its Atr Nouveau character dominated by the Town Hall and the Palace of Culture thanks to Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy, the mayor of the town. The neighbourhood of the castle was tidied, parks were created, the sewage system was installed, and the streets were paved. Trees and flowers were planted by the streets, and the town earned the appellation \u2019town of flowers\u2019.@1910|The town had 25517 inhabitants (22790 Hungarians, 1717 Vlachs and 606 Germans).@#31|@1916|On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. The Romanians invaded most of Sz\u00e9kelyland. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).@1918|On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compi\u00e8gne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.@#32|@December, 1918|In Kolozsv\u00e1r, on the initiative of retired Lieutenant General Luk\u00e1cs B\u00e9la, the Sz\u00e9kely Division was created to defend against the Romanian troops invading Transylvania. It was the only well-equipped, combat-ready Hungarian military force to fight against the Romanian conquerors. At its peak it numbered about 12,000. In Hungary, the political power was usurped by the pro-Entente left-wing government of K\u00e1rolyi Mih\u00e1ly, which let down the Sz\u00e9kely Division and disbanded the Hungarian military. The communists, to whom K\u00e1rolyi Mih\u00e1ly conceded the power, were also hostile towards the Sz\u00e9kely Division. Later most of its soldiers took part in the North Campaign that temporarily liberated a significant part of northern Hungary from the Czech invaders.@from 1918|By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.@#36|@#39|@September 10, 1940|The Rapid Corps sent forth to Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld passed through the town under the command of General Mikl\u00f3s B\u00e9la. The Hungarian army was welcomed solemnly in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely on 15 September, when the 12th infantry brigade of the IVth army from Szeksz\u00e1rd marched into the town led by General Nagy Vilmos. One day later Horthy Mikl\u00f3s, Governor of Hungary, visited the town as well.@autumn, 1944|The Romanian paramilitary organization called Maniu Guard committed a series of murders and robberies among the Hungarian population of Transylvania under the guise of partisan actions. In September and October, they murdered 200 innocent civilians. The members of the Maniu Guard and the Romanian gendarmes interned thousands of Hungarians in death camps. From Maros-Torda County alone, 4000 Hungarians, including 450 children, were deported to Barcaf\u00f6ldv\u00e1r (near Brass\u00f3) and other camps (e.g. Tagru Jiu) only from Maros-Torda County. Most of them perished there as a result of cruel treatment. The Barcaf\u00f6ldv\u00e1r internment camp was shut down on 29 October 1945, at which time only 90 people were still alive.@October 1944|Romanian administration returned to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely after the Soviet horde invaded the town.@November 12, 1944|Soviet General Vinogradov banned the Romanian authorities from Northern Transylvania because of the genocide committed by the Maniu Guard. The Romanian authorities were allowed to return after the formation of the Petru Groza government on 6 March 1945.@#43|@February 10, 1947|The Paris Dictate attached Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely to Romania due to Soviet pressure.@September 21, 1952|Soviet pressure led to the creation of the Hungarian Autonomous Province, which included most of Sz\u00e9kelyland and was based in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@between 1952\u20131960|The town was the seat of the Hungarian Autonomous Province.@from the 1950s|800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. While previously there was a Romanian majority in only a few small towns, this has been reversed by now.@1960|The Hungarian Autonomous Province was mutilated by detaching H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k and renamed Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province.@1960-1968|The town was the seat of the Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province.@Septembet 7, 1959|The secretary general of the Romanian Workers Party, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, and Prime Minister Chivu Stoica visited Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. They decided where to build the new fertilizer factory and the new residential areas for the Romanian migrants, who were supposed to change the ethnic character of the town. Strangely, they decided to build the new town quarters on the surrounding hills instead of the valley of the Maros River.@1968|The Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province was completely abolished. 800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. In Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely was the most successfully Romanianized.@1980s|The Sz\u00e9kely county centres were classified as closed towns where only Romanians were allowed to settle.@February 10, 1990|Approximately 100,000 Hungarians demonstrated quietly for Hungarian language eductation in the downtown at the initiative of S\u00fct\u0151 Andr\u00e1s. They carried no placards or banners in their hands, only a candle and a book, and they sang the prayer Our Lord wherever they went.@between March 1 and 18, 1990|The first congress of the Alliance of the Hungarian Youth Organizations was held in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. Smaranda Enache made a speech both in Hungarian and in Romanian harshly criticizing the nationalist and chauvinistic organization Vatra Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 and stood for the independent Hungarian higher education.@March 19, 1990|Black March, anti-Hungarian pogrom in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. The Romanian chauvinists organized a demonstration against the Hungarians. Mostly drunk and illiterate people were transported by 13 buses to the town from the Vlach villages of the county. The organizers spread that the Hungarians want to separate Transylvania from Romania in order to enrage them. The mob tore down the Hungarian language signs and besieged the headquarters of the Hungarian party RMDSZ (Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania). Those who were trapped in the building called the police in vain, who arrived late deliberately. General Ion Judea personally guaranteed the safe passage of the Hungarians, but they were attacked, when they left the building. The police watched the violence idly. S\u00fct\u0151 Andr\u00e1s was also beaten badly, he went blind in one eye and several of his ribs were broken. He was transported to Bucharest by truck, then to the Military Hospital in Budapest.@March 20, 1990|A huge Hungarian mass gathered in downtown demanding the arrest of those responsible for the Romanian pogrom of the previous day and the reinstatement of the resigned mayor Kincses El\u0151d. The crown chanted \u2019Murderers! Murderers!\u2019. The Romanians started to gather around noon. Eight buses arrived from the direction of Sz\u00e1szr\u00e9gen and brought Romanian peasants armed with agricultural tools. They soon broke through the week cordon and attacked the Hungarians. The unarmed Hungarians started to flee. A few of them hurried ahead and dismantled the benches to use the wooden slats as shields. After that, the parties reached stalemate for hours. A truck drove across the main square and hit a Hungarian man, who died on the spot, and crashed into the stairs of the church. One of the Romanians travelling on the platform of the truck also died. The Romanian army encircled the town. In return, the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages blocked the roads. The Hungarians halted the Romanian buses heading for the demonstrations and set them on fire. Several of the Romanians were beaten badly. The Romanian army arrived, but the vehicles could not get into the main square because of the barricades erected by the Hungarians. Finally the Hungarians let them through at the request of Kincses El\u0151d. But the soldiers remained inside the vehicles and didn\u2019t even try to prevent further clashes. The first attack was launched by the Romanians, which was repelled by the Hungarians. In the meantime, the gathering Romanians outnumbered the Hungarians. Soon Gypsies arrived in groups of 40 to 50 and joined the fight on the side of the Hungarians. The decisive turning point came before midnight, at around half past eleven, when the Sz\u00e9kelys from along the Ny\u00e1r\u00e1d River arrived. The men, most of them older than 60, charged at the Romanians through the line of tanks and beat them out of the main square with the leadership of M\u00e1rkus Istv\u00e1n, a veteran of the Second World War. Lots of people were injured on both sides. The victory was celebrated with the singing of the Hungarian national anthem and the Hungarian flag was hoisted on the town hall. At dawn paratroopers invaded the town in great numbers and started checking the identity of the people. Five people fell victim to the ethnic clashes provoked by Romanian chauvinists (3 Hungarians and 2 Romanians) and around 300 were injured.@2002|7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.&konfliktuskutato.hu: Erd\u00e9ly, 1944 \u0151sze: rom\u00e1n atrocit\u00e1sok a magyarok ellen|http:\/\/konfliktuskutato.hu\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=319:erdely-1944-sze-roman-atrocitasok-a-magyarok-ellen&catid=39:dka-hatter&Itemid=203"},"castles":[{"castleId":176,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Cetatea T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219","settlement_HU":"Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely","settlement_LO":"T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219","address":"Bulevardul Cet\u0103\u021bii","listorder":12,"gps_lat":"46.5469100000","gps_long":"24.5666400000","oldcounty":41,"country":4,"division":23,"cond":1,"entrance":2,"varaklink":"https:\/\/varak.hu\/latnivalo\/index\/1535-Marosvasarhely-Var\/","homepage":"http:\/\/www.cetatespum.ro\/index.html","openinghours":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Pixi at Romanian Wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetate_tg_ms.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetate tg ms\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Cetate_tg_ms.jpg\/512px-Cetate_tg_ms.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetate_tg_ms.jpg\u0022\u003EPixi at Romanian Wikipedia\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely Castle","seolink":"marosvasarhely-castle-cetatea-targu-mures","georegion":"Marossz\u00e9k, Transylvanian Basin","description":"","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@1260|The Franciscans built a new Gothic church on the site of the former Dominican church destroyed during the Mongol invasion. The church was completed in 1446. This was later surrounded by the castle.@#6|@around 1440|A bell tower was built for the Gothic parish church.@1492|Vajda B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania fortified the Franciscan monastery in order to break down the resistance of the free Sz\u00e9kely people. It was a pentagonal castle reinforced with towers. He fortified the church of Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely as well. His plan finally failed due to the resistance of the Sz\u00e9kelys and King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II of Hungary removed him from the position of vajda of Transylvania.@#8|@#9|@16th century|The castle church was taken from the Franciscans and was used by the Protestants after the Reformation.@#10|@#12|@after 1600|The imperial mercenaries of General Basta sacked and burned the settlement. The inhabitants who survived fled to the Saxon town of Brass\u00f3 with the leadership of town judge Borsos Tam\u00e1s. The judge studied the strong walls of Brass\u00f3, and as the situation became more peaceful, he returned to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and after great debates, he managed to convince the survivors of the inhabitants to surround the restored parish church with walls. Strangely, General Basta himself also gave his consent to the fortifications. A larger area was surrounded with walls reinforced with thick walled cannon towers. These were maintained and defended by the guilds of the town according to medieval custom. The first walls and ramparts were raised hurriedly from earth and wood, which were later reconstructed from stone. According to the contemporary documents, the constructions were still going on in the 1620s and 1630s. During the fortification of the parish church, the Gothic windows were turned into narrow arrowslits, and the bell tower also got loopholes. The Tanners' Tower was located in the southwest, the Tailors' Tower in the northwest, the Butchers' Tower in the northeast and the Coopers' Tower in the southeast. The Furriers' Cannon Bastion stood in the centre of the wall.@1602|The reconstruction of the castle started under the leadership of judge Borsos Tam\u00e1s, but it was completed between 1614 and 1653.@#13|@#14|@#15|@#16|@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@1658|The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Mehmed captured Jen\u0151 Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay \u00c1kos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.@1658|The town was attacked and burned by Turkish and Vlach raiders. Three thousand people were enslaved.@1659|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay \u00c1kos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.@May 22, 1660|In the battle of S\u00e1szfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.@November 1660|Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, the former commander of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, defeated the army of G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, the brother of Prince Barcsay Andr\u00e1s, at \u00d6rm\u00e9nyes. Barcsay G\u00e1sp\u00e1r fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay \u00c1kos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos had Barcsay \u00c1kos captured and murdered.@1661|The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mih\u00e1ly Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@September 14, 1661|The castle was captured by a Turkish army. Pasha Ali forced the Estates of Transylvania to elect Apafi Mih\u00e1ly I Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@January 23, 1662|The deposed prince Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, having been abandoned by his imperial allies, was defeated by the Turks at Nagysz\u0151l\u0151s (near Segesv\u00e1r), where he fell.@1662|The town burned down due to the negligence of the Turkisk invaders.@#23|@#25|@#26|@#27|@1704|The kuruc army of Kasz\u00e1s P\u00e1l captured the castle.@1706|The kuruc lieutenant general Pekry L\u0151rinc took the town back.@April 5, 1707|R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II was elected Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. The solemn ceremony was conducted by Bishop Thelekessy Istv\u00e1n of Eger. The castle didn\u2019t have significant military value by that time.@#28|@November 4, 1848|The Sz\u00e9kelys were defeated by the imperial army at Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and the town was occupied.@January 13, 1849|The Hungarian army of Mayor Tolnay took the town back from the imperials.&"}],"sights":[{"sightId":2288,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"Biserica Reformat\u0103 din Cetate","address":"Pia\u021ba Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy 3","mapdata":"1|2880|2303","gps_lat":"46.5465315266","gps_long":"24.5663767529","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=260","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022lacihobo, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Reformed_City_Fortress_church_of_Targu_Mures.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Reformed City Fortress church of Targu Mures\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b5\/Reformed_City_Fortress_church_of_Targu_Mures.jpg\/512px-Reformed_City_Fortress_church_of_Targu_Mures.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Reformed_City_Fortress_church_of_Targu_Mures.jpg\u0022\u003Elacihobo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Castle Church","seolink":"calvinist-castle-church","note":"","history":"The church was built by the Franciscans in the 14th century. The Franciscans settled in the town around 1332. The earliest surviving part of the former monastery is the part of the building that was once a chapel, now used as a library, which was the church of the 14th century monastery, the only part of the monastery made from stone. The church, which still stands today, and most of the monastery buildings were built between the 14th and 15th centuries. The sanctuary was consecrated in the autumn of 1400, but the entire church was not consecrated until 1490. In 1442, with the support of Hunyadi J\u00e1nos, the tower was built and several internal alterations were made. In the 1480s, with the support of the vajda of Transylvania B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n, defensive walls were built around the monastery, of which the Bastion of the Locksmiths, which stands along the southern wall, remains today.@\nIn the 16th century, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely joined the Reformation. In 1556, the noblemen Sz\u00e9kelyfalvi Poly\u00e1k Boldizs\u00e1r and Koronkai Mih\u00e1lyfi Tam\u00e1s attacked the monastery, chased away the last monks and installed the Lutheran pastor K\u00e1li Bal\u00e1zs. The former sacristy and the chapel housed the reformed school, the Schola Particula, founded in 1557 by a decree of the Transylvanian country assembly. The Protestants removed the crucifix made by Veit Stoss. According to oral tradition, it was thrown into the Ny\u00e1r\u00e1d River and that's how it came to Ny\u00e1r\u00e1dremete.@\nIn 1601 General Basta's imperial troops wreaked havoc, burning the town and the church. The monastery buildings were not repaired by the inhabitants of the town, but demolished to build a new town wall. All that remains are the tower, the sacristy and the sanctuary of the chapter hall, where the school was located.@\nIn 1658, the ceiling of the nave collapsed, the stained glass windows and the organ were destroyed when the Turks attacked Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania. The church stood uncovered for many years until it was partially restored between 1685 and 1693, thanks to a donation from Count Teleki Mih\u00e1ly. Dendrochronological research has shown, however, that the trees used for the roofing of the old parts of the sanctuary were felled in 1479-1480, and that most of the structure is medieval; however, it does contain elements made from trees felled in 1602-1603, so repairs were made after the destruction.@\nBetween 1790-91, under the leadership of architect T\u00fcrk Antal, a new ceiling was built for the nave. The nave also received its Baroque decoration. The western gallery was built at this time, and the Baroque organ, made in 1789 by the master Johannes Prause from Brass\u00f3, was placed on it. In 1841 it was enriched with an ornate Lord's Table by Bert\u00f3k Gy\u00f6rgy and a pulpit by Erd\u00e9lyi J\u00f3zsef. The large bell, weighing 1600 kg, was cast in Kolozsv\u00e1r by Andr\u00e1ssofszki J\u00e1nos and D\u00e1niel, while the small bell, weighing 603 kg, was cast in 1972 by Zlotaru J\u00e1nos in S\u00e1rkm\u00e1ny.@\nWithin the walls of the Castle Church, 37 country assemblies were held, King Louis the Great of Hungary, Hunyadi J\u00e1nos and John II (John Sigismund) also visited the church. On 1 November 1559, the first universal Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist) synod met here. On 6 January 1571, John Sigismund confirmed the freedom of religion proclaimed at the Diet of Torda. On 8 April 1707, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, leader of the Hungarian war of independence, was elected Prince of Transylvania here.\n&\nwikipedia: V\u00e1rtemplom (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%A1rtemplom_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2289,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor (R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere) 61","mapdata":"1|2595|2437","gps_lat":"46.5458490384","gps_long":"24.5639301603","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/ersekseg.ro\/hu\/templom\/1022","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Keresztelo-Szent-Janos-templom-Marosvasarhely-367","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=229","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Katolikus_templom,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Katolikus templom, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e5\/Katolikus_templom%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\/512px-Katolikus_templom%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Katolikus_templom,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish Church","seolink":"st-john-the-baptist-roman-catholic-parish-church","note":"","history":"In 1690, Transylvania's independence ended and it became a Habsburg province. The Habsburgs began a process of re-Catholicization. As part of this, they stipulated that half of the councillors in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely should be Reformed and the other half Catholic, and that the office of town judge should be headed by a Reformed for two years and a Catholic for the other two.@\nCatholic life, which had been in exile until then, was restarted in 1702, when masses began again, initially in private houses in the absence of a church. With considerable cooperation, they succeeded in building a wooden chapel by 1705, where R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II took his oath as Prince of Transylvania between 5 and 7 April 1707. Soon afterwards, the Jesuits, newly settled in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, with the help of General Montecuccoli, reclaimed the empty chapel of the Castle Church, where the Jesuits celebrated Mass on Christmas Day 1709. However, the royal court returned the church to the Reformed parish.@\nIn 1719 the Jesuits bought the house built by Nagy Szab\u00f3 Ferenc in 1623, which they converted into a monastery.@\nThe construction of the parish church of St John the Baptist began in 1728, designed by the Jesuit monk Scherer B\u00e1lint, and consecrated by Bishop Sztoyka Zsigmond Antal in 1750. The works were complicated by the construction of a crypt with a capacity for 100 people under the church, where in 1732 Baranyai M\u00e1ria and her husband Orb\u00e1n Simon were buried, who provided accommodation for the Jesuits who had settled in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. In 1733, before the parish house was completed, the Jesuits left Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, so the burden of further works fell on the Catholic priests.@\nTwo of the most talented artists of the 18th century, Anton Schuchbauer and Johannes Nachtigall, were commissioned in 1755 to make the high altar by Haller G\u00e1bor and his wife D\u00e1niel Zs\u00f3fia. The two carved wooden sculptures, representing the Old and New Testaments, are set on either side of a large oil painting of the church's patron saint, St John the Baptist, and a smaller icon of Mary. The icon depicts Mary with baby Jesus, the Saviour stabbing the Devil with a spear, while the Virgin Mary holds a lily in her hand. The main altarpiece depicts the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist.@\nIn the north-eastern chapel there is a painting of King Saint L\u00e1szl\u00f3 I of Hungary making water spring from the rock. In the central chapel of the row of chapels on the north side is an altar dedicated to St Joseph. The south-west chapel is dedicated to St John of Nepomuk. The altarpiece in the south central chapel is of Mary Magdalene under the cross. The north-west chapel is dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua. The altarpiece of the south-eastern chapel is a copy of the painting Baptism of Vajk by Bencz\u00far Gyula. Vajk was the pagan name of King Saint Stephen I of Hungary.@\nThe Baroque pulpit of the church was commissioned by Bethlen Mikl\u00f3s and his wife Cs\u00e1ky Krisztina in 1757.@\nThe stained glass windows in the side chapel openings were made by the T\u00fcrcke firm of Grotto in 1898. The windows depict Saint L\u00e1szl\u00f3 of Hungary, Magna Domina Hungarorum, the baptism of the Armenian king. Above the oratory, there are also ornate panes depicting St Peter and St Paul.\n&\nwikipedia: Keresztel\u0151 Szent J\u00e1nos-templom (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keresztel%C5%91_Szent_J%C3%A1nos-templom_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2290,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada K\u00f6teles S\u00e1muel 4","mapdata":"1|2373|2896","gps_lat":"46.5431918284","gps_long":"24.5621930095","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/jezsuitaudvar.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Paduai-Szent-Antal-minorita-templom-es-kolostor-Marosvasarhely-1593","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Biserica_minoritilor_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures Biserica minoritilor 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Tg.Mures_Biserica_minoritilor_2.jpg\/512px-Tg.Mures_Biserica_minoritilor_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Biserica_minoritilor_2.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Anthony of Padua Former Minorite Church and Monastery, P. Endes Istv\u00e1n Jesuit Community House","seolink":"st-anthony-of-padua-former-minorite-church-and-monastery-p-endes-istvan-jesuit-community-house","note":"","history":"In 1726, the Minorite Order returned to the town after the Reformation. Construction began in 1741 on the elevation above the Great Market. Between 1760 and 1767 the baroque church of St. Anthony of Padua was built. The bell tower was built between 1892-94 on the site of the former wooden bellfry. Its altarpiece was made in 1894 by J. Hofrichter, and is a copy of a painting of the Madonna of Foligno by Rafaello. On two sides are statues of St Anthony of Padua and St Rosalia of Palermo, the patron saint of plague patients. In 1903 the monastery was extended with a new wing. From 1896 to 1916, the theology of the Minorites was moved here from Eger, and between the two world wars the novitiate was located here.@\nIn 1948, the monastery was nationalised under the School Act. The garden belonging to the order was also confiscated and the theatre was built there. In 1951, the minorities were also deported to a forced residence. In 1999, the diocese took over the care of the monastery and the church. In 1723, the first Jesuit appeared in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely in the person of Fr. Endes Istv\u00e1n, sent from Kolozsv\u00e1r by the provincial superior. He built the parish church in the town centre in Baroque style and the adjacent monastery. In 2008 the Jesuit monks returned. The Jesuit University Chaplaincy and Dormitory of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and the Jesuit Community House of Fr Endes Istv\u00e1n are located in the monastery.\n&\nersekseg.ro: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, P\u00e1duai Szent Antal-templom, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi Jezsuita Egyetemi Lelk\u00e9szs\u00e9g \u00e9s Koll\u00e9gium, (Ma-JEL), P. Endes Istv\u00e1n Jezsuita K\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi H\u00e1z|https:\/\/ersekseg.ro\/hu\/templom\/1028"},{"sightId":2291,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Bisericii Franciscane","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor (R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere)","mapdata":"1|2320|2491","gps_lat":"46.5454836537","gps_long":"24.5616953763","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Ferences-baratok-templomanak-tornya-Marosvasarhely-1810","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Christo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Erd%C3%A9ly,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely,_13.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Erd\u00e9ly, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, 13\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0f\/Erd%C3%A9ly%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely%2C_13.jpg\/256px-Erd%C3%A9ly%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely%2C_13.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Erd%C3%A9ly,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely,_13.jpg\u0022\u003EChristo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Tower of the Franciscan Church","seolink":"tower-of-the-franciscan-church","note":"","history":"Franciscans first appeared in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely in the 14th century. They started building the Castle Church, which was only completed in 1490. Their expansion was hampered by the spread of the Reformation in Transylvania, as the vast majority of the town converted to the Reformed (Calvinist) faith around 1558. Franciscans returned to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely only on 2 July 1740. The council of V\u00e1s\u00e1rhely was called upon by Gy\u0151rffy P\u00e1l to give the Franciscans a place in the town. Behind his back was Count Haller J\u00e1nos, Governor of Transylvania.@\nDue to the lack of a church, construction began under the leadership of Bocskor J\u00e1nos, the head of the monastery. The monastery was built on a plot of land on the north-west side of the main square, bought with a donation from the Petky family. The works, which began in 1745, were completed by 1777, but the church tower was not built until 1802. Both the church and the monastery were built in the Baroque style.@\nThe Franciscans moved the lower elementary school with its four classes from the Arcade House to the monastery building. The head of the monastery became the headmaster, with two priests working alongside him. The school was maintained by the Parish of St John the Baptist.@\nIn 1971, the Romanian socialist town government demolished the church and the monastery when the National Theatre was built, on the pretext of creating a square, and the monastery garden was also destroyed. The Franciscan church and monastery in the main square stood for 250 years, until 1972. Today, only its 35 m high tower remains. The tower could only have been preserved for reasons of veneration, as there is a crypt beneath it, the entrance to which starts from the tower. The idea of placing a memorial plaque was conceived by the parish priest, Sebesty\u00e9n P\u00e9ter, and he had it placed on 28 November 2009.@\nAbove the entrance to the tower you can see the statue of St John of Nepumuk, which is in excellent condition.\n&\nwikipedia: Bar\u00e1tok temploma (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bar%C3%A1tok_temploma_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2292,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Unitarian\u0103","address":"Strada Bolyai 11 (egykori Gecse D\u00e1niel utca)","mapdata":"1|2675|2871","gps_lat":"46.5432509633","gps_long":"24.5646793829","religion":8,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/unitarius.org\/szerkezet\/marosi-egyhazkor\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Unitarius-imahaz-Marosvasarhely-1933","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Aakmaros, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Unit%C3%A1rius_templom_Bolyai_t%C3%A9r.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Unit\u00e1rius templom Bolyai t\u00e9r\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Unit%C3%A1rius_templom_Bolyai_t%C3%A9r.JPG\/512px-Unit%C3%A1rius_templom_Bolyai_t%C3%A9r.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Unit%C3%A1rius_templom_Bolyai_t%C3%A9r.JPG\u0022\u003EAakmaros\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Unitarian Church","seolink":"unitarian-church","note":"","history":"The Transylvanian country assembly held in Torda in 1557 was the first in the world to declare religious freedom. After that, the Unitarian denomination became so strong that more than half of the town's population belonged to it. They had a church on the site, which was destroyed at the turn of the 17th century during the raids of the imperial general Basta and the Voivode Mihai of Wallachia (to whom the Romanians erected a statue in the town). The number of believers later dwindled, and by the early 19th century there was no church in the town.@\nIt was not until 1849 that the Unitarian church bought the land on which it built a house in 1869. It had a prayer house and the King Matthias, or as it was later known the Lion Inn. The church was built next to this house. The construction of the Unitarian Church on Bolyai Square began with the laying of the foundation stone on 28 June 1929. The design was drawn by Patrovits K\u00e1lm\u00e1n and the construction was supervised by master builder Bustya Lajos. The solemn consecration took place in 1930 in the presence of Bishop Dr. Boros Gy\u00f6rgy. The construction of the neo-Gothic church was financed partly by donations from the faithful of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and to a greater extent by the sale of plots of land and the sale of the Marosszentkir\u00e1ly estate. The organ was donated by Bustya J\u00e1nos.@\nPreviously, the adjoining prayer house, built in 1869-70, served as a meeting place for the faithful.@\nBy the end of the 20th century, the Unitarian Parish of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely had grown significantly, as Unitarians moved from the surrounding villages to the city. On 21 November 1999, a new church was built on K\u00f6vesdomb. The foundation stone was laid by Bishop Dr. Szab\u00f3 \u00c1rp\u00e1d and parish warden Szab\u00f3 L\u00e1szl\u00f3. The Unitarian Church of K\u00f6vesdomb was consecrated on 2 December 2006.\n&\nwikipedia: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi unit\u00e1rius templom|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyi_unit%C3%A1rius_templom"},{"sightId":2293,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Reformat\u0103 Mic\u0103","address":"Strada \u0218tefan cel Mare 22 (egykori Gecse D\u00e1niel utca)","mapdata":"1|2889|3470","gps_lat":"46.5397701270","gps_long":"24.5667070606","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/kistemplom.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Reformatus-kistemplom-Marosvasarhely-1803","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=418","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Tg_Mures_Calvinist_church.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Tg Mures Calvinist church\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/RO_Tg_Mures_Calvinist_church.jpg\/256px-RO_Tg_Mures_Calvinist_church.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Tg_Mures_Calvinist_church.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Small Church","seolink":"calvinist-small-church","note":"","history":"The second Reformed church in the town. From 1628 until the construction of the church, the site of the Small Church was the hospital of the Reformed Church, a building for the shelter and care of the poor and needy. Next to it, in the early 18th century, a Reformed wooden church was erected with the support of the town judge Kolozsv\u00e1ri Sz\u0151ts D\u00e1niel, known locally as the Outer Church or the Hospital Church.@\nIn 1815, the hospital was demolished and the construction of a new late Baroque and Empire style church was started, based on the plans of S\u00f3falvi J\u00f3zsef, which was completed by 1818. However, due to a lack of funds, the construction was only given a new impetus in 1827, when the interior works were completed. The first service took place on 2 December 1827. In 1828, construction of the tower began and was completed in 1829. It is named after its slightly smaller size than the Castle Church, but it still seats seven hundred.@\nIn August 1854, after the Hungarian War of Independence, it was expropriated by the Austrian military command and used as a military hospital and later as a grain warehouse. The Reformed Church got the building back in March 1856 (the old wooden church was used until then, and was demolished in 1857), and it was reconsecrated by Bishop Bodola S\u00e1muel.@\nThe church also had a Reformed boys' school, and later a mixed school, which initially operated in the rector's apartment. In 1848 there were already 175 pupils, so in the 1850s a separate school building was erected near the church, which was taken over by the town in 1891. At the beginning of the 20th century, during the mayoralty of Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy, several new school buildings were erected for the town's pupils, and the former Reformed school was converted into a residential building.@\nIts organ was made in 1867 by Tak\u00e1csy Ign\u00e1c, the altar was donated in 1868 by Szenkovitsn\u00e9 R\u00e1kosi Katalin. In 1875 the building was renovated, and the octagonal pulpit and its canopy were erected from the donation of Sz\u00f6ll\u0151si S\u00e1muel and Roz\u00e1lia. Between 1927 and 1930 the church was renovated again, and it acquired its neo-baroque classicist appearance. The widow of Domokos P\u00e1l donated a 1t bell to the parish in memory of her husband and sons.@\nThe prominent pastors of the 20th century were Csiha K\u00e1lm\u00e1n (1929-2007) and Varga L\u00e1szl\u00f3 (1929-2017). Under communism, they were convicted in show trials and imprisoned for long periods.\nNext to the staircase is a metal plate dating from 1902, on which the altitude was recorded: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely free royal town 332,376 metres.\n&\nwikipedia: Kistemplom (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kistemplom_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2294,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Evanghelic\u0103","address":"Strada Spitalului Vechi (R\u00e9go k\u00f3rh\u00e1z) 7","mapdata":"1|3040|1819","gps_lat":"46.5494398523","gps_long":"24.5678389649","religion":3,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/marosvasarhelyievangelikusegyhaz.weebly.com\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Evangelikus-templom-Marosvasarhely-1928","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Sie, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Evang%C3%A9likus_templom_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Evang\u00e9likus templom Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Evang%C3%A9likus_templom_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.JPG\/512px-Evang%C3%A9likus_templom_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Evang%C3%A9likus_templom_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.JPG\u0022\u003ESie\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Lutheran Church","seolink":"lutheran-church","note":"","history":"In 1818 the Lutheran parish was established in the town. Land was purchased on the south side of the main square and the parsonage built here was converted into a church in 1829. During the redevelopment of the main square, it was demolished and replaced by a tenement house. As compensation, the town gave the congregation a one-storey residential building, which was converted into a church, using the neo-Gothic windows of the former church."},{"sightId":2295,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica de lemn Sf\u00e2ntul Arhanghel Mihail","address":"Strada Mitropolit Andrei \u015eaguna 13","mapdata":"1|3251|1635","gps_lat":"46.5505706288","gps_long":"24.5697105233","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Gorogkeleti-fatemplom-Marosvasarhely-1927","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Bogdan Ilie\u015f, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_de_lemn_din_Targu_Mures09.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica de lemn din Targu Mures09\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/26\/Biserica_de_lemn_din_Targu_Mures09.jpg\/512px-Biserica_de_lemn_din_Targu_Mures09.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_de_lemn_din_Targu_Mures09.jpg\u0022\u003EBogdan Ilie\u015f\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Michael Archangel Orthodox Wooden Church","seolink":"st-michael-archangel-orthodox-wooden-church","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1793 and 1794. Its iconostasis and interior paintings were made by Vasile Bon and Nicolae Popa in 1814.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, Fatemplom|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Targu_Mures\/Targu_Mures_Biserica_de_lemn_m.htm"},{"sightId":2296,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Mitropolit Andrei \u015eaguna 9","mapdata":"1|3123|1622","gps_lat":"46.5506205608","gps_long":"24.5686319957","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=175","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mihai Andrei, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Bob_din_Tg._Mures.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica Bob din Tg. Mures\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/Biserica_Bob_din_Tg._Mures.jpg\/256px-Biserica_Bob_din_Tg._Mures.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Bob_din_Tg._Mures.jpg\u0022\u003EMihai Andrei\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Ascension of Our Lord (Former Greek Catholic) Orthodox Church","seolink":"ascension-of-our-lord-former-greek-catholic-orthodox-church","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1793 and 1794 in Baroque style on the site of a wooden church built in 1750, with a donation from Bishop Ioan Bob. It was built by the mason Topler J\u00e1nos. After World War II, the pseudo-Communists banned the Greek Catholic Church and gave their churches to the Orthodox.\n&\nwikipedia: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi Bob-templom|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyi_Bob-templom\nbiserici.org|https:\/\/www.biserici.org\/index.php?menu=BIMS&code=374&criteria=&quick=&radio=b&order=C.NAME"},{"sightId":2297,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Milcovului","mapdata":"1|71|3514","gps_lat":"46.5394499091","gps_long":"24.5423745779","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/peterpater.com\/content\/hu\/Miserend","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Kulja, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Szent_Imre_katolikus_templom_Marosvasarhely_02.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Szent Imre katolikus templom Marosvasarhely 02\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Szent_Imre_katolikus_templom_Marosvasarhely_02.jpg\/512px-Szent_Imre_katolikus_templom_Marosvasarhely_02.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Szent_Imre_katolikus_templom_Marosvasarhely_02.jpg\u0022\u003EKulja\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Emeric of Hungary Roman Catholic Parish Church","seolink":"st-emeric-of-hungary-roman-catholic-parish-church","note":"","history":"The parish was founded in 1972, during the construction of the Theatre Square, following the demolition of the Franciscan church and monastery on the main square. Following an agreement between the Communist regime, the Franciscan Order, Archdeacon L\u00e9sty\u00e1n Ferenc and Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron, the state had the workers' cinema, originally built for car mechanics' workshop, in the Ady district, beyond the railway line, converted into a church, based on the plans of architect Gyenes Tibor. The building was converted into a church, and it also housed a parish and a cantor's apartment. The church was consecrated by Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron on 28 May 1972. The interior of the new church was decorated using the painted windows, bells, sculptures and organ of the demolished Franciscan church. This made the establishment of the second church and parish possible in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, which was then still run by Franciscans, and it also made possible for Franciscan monks to remain in the city. \n&\nersekseg.ro: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely II., Szent Imre, Ady negyed|https:\/\/ersekseg.ro\/hu\/templom\/1023"},{"sightId":2298,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Catedrala \u00cen\u0103l\u021barea Domnului","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor (R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere) 1","mapdata":"1|2515|2387","gps_lat":"46.5461536284","gps_long":"24.5633581875","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/wwwold.netsoft.ro\/catedrala\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Losy, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Catedrala_Mare_Targu_Mures_03.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Catedrala Mare Targu Mures 03\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6d\/Catedrala_Mare_Targu_Mures_03.JPG\/512px-Catedrala_Mare_Targu_Mures_03.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Catedrala_Mare_Targu_Mures_03.JPG\u0022\u003ELosy\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Ascension of Our Lord Orthodox Cathedral","seolink":"ascension-of-our-lord-orthodox-cathedral","note":"","history":"After the Romanian occupation, between 1925 and 1934, an Orthodox church was being built in the city centre, designed by Iosif Vlad, and only completed after 1990. When the church was built, the aim was for its height to exceed that of the historic Hungarian churches and the tower of the Palace of Public Administration.@\nThe dome is decorated with paintings by Aurel Ciupa. The iconostasis is by Traian Bobletec and the paintings by Virgil Simionescu from Lugos."},{"sightId":2299,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Catedrala Buna Vestire","address":"","mapdata":"1|1816|3132","gps_lat":"46.5417406529","gps_long":"24.5574325815","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Christo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_3.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely 3\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/35\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_3.jpg\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_3.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_3.jpg\u0022\u003EChristo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Annunciation (Former Greek Catholic) Orthodox Church, Small Cathedral","seolink":"annunciation-former-greek-catholic-orthodox-church-small-cathedral","note":"","history":"The church, called the Small Cathedral, is a scale model of St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. This is presumably what gave its name. It was built between 1926 and 1936. It was consecrated on 8 September 1936. In 1948, the Greek Catholic Church was banned by the Communist authorities, and the church was given to the Orthodox, and has not been returned to the Greek Catholics since."},{"sightId":2300,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Sinagoga Status Quo Ante","address":"Strada Aurel Filimon 23","mapdata":"1|1900|2530","gps_lat":"46.5453610828","gps_long":"24.5579953473","religion":6,"oldtype":"8","newtype":"8","homepage":"http:\/\/zsidovasarhely.blogspot.com\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Zsinagoga-Marosvasarhely-1598","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Rsocol, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagoga_din_Targu_Mures.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Sinagoga din Targu Mures\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Sinagoga_din_Targu_Mures.jpg\/256px-Sinagoga_din_Targu_Mures.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagoga_din_Targu_Mures.jpg\u0022\u003ERsocol\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Status Quo Ante Synagogue","seolink":"status-quo-ante-synagogue","note":"","history":"The synagogue was built in 1899-1900 according to the designs of Jacob G\u00e4rtner, a Viennese architect. The town's first synagogue, built in 1857, no longer met the needs of the growing status quo ante congregation at the end of the 19th century, so in 1898 the architect was commissioned to draw up plans. The eclectic style synagogue was inaugurated in 1900."},{"sightId":2301,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Liceul Teoretic Bolyai Farkas","address":"Strada Bolyai 3","mapdata":"1|2575|2825","gps_lat":"46.5434982952","gps_long":"24.5639221324","religion":2,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/www.bolyai.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Reformatus-kollegium-Marosvasarhely-1368","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=173","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(30).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.12 (30)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2830%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2830%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(30).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Calvinist Grammar School (New Building), Bolyai Farkas High School","seolink":"former-calvinist-grammar-school-new-building-bolyai-farkas-high-school","note":"","history":"At the Hungarian country assembly held in Kolozsv\u00e1r in 1556, the establishment of several new Reformed schools was discussed. The first known teacher of the school was Tordai \u00c1d\u00e1m, a graduate of the University of Wittenberg (1569). In February of the following year, in Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Queen Isabella of Hungary designated the former monastery of the Franciscan Order as the site of the institution, which was named Schola Particula. In 1601-1602, General Basta's imperial troops sacked the Castle Church, and the school was moved to the site where the Lyceum still stands today.@\nThe students of the college of S\u00e1rospatak, expelled in 1671, were taken in by the college of Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r. They were expelled from there in 1716 by the Austrian military on the grounds of the defence of the local fortress. In 1718, the Schola Particula in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely took in the institution and its students, which elevated it to the rank of a college, the third in Transylvania, along with the ones in Nagyenyed and Kolozsv\u00e1r. Its first permanent building was erected in the 1760s with the permission of Governor Hadik Andr\u00e1s. Between 1777 and 1779, with the help of the curator Teleki J\u00f3zsef, a new building was constructed to house the library and auditorium. Between 1801 and 1804, the north wing was added, which is still standing (although not in its original form), according to the plans of Ugrai L\u00e1szl\u00f3.@\nIn 1794, law is introduced in the upper classes, followed three years later by natural history. On 27 September 1802, the college took possession of the first printing press in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@\nIn May 1804, Bolyai Farkas delivered his inaugural address, marking the beginning of the institute's boom. Bolyai Farkas advocated the modernisation of education. His son, the famous mathematician Bolyai J\u00e1nos, also studied here. Within the walls of the institute he discovered the foundations of his theory of relativity.@\nAt the beginning of the 20th century, the old wing of the building was demolished and replaced by the present Art Nouveau building. The new building was constructed between 1908 and 1909 to the design of Baumgartner S\u00e1ndor. It was confiscated by the Romanians after the Romanian occupation and became a state school.@\nIn 1957, on the 400th anniversary of the institution's foundation, it took the name of Bolyai Farkas. The year 1960 was a sad year in the life of the secondary school, because it was converted into a mixed-language institution by the nationalist Romanian authorities. The idea of making the school fully Hungarian again had been mooted as early as 1990, one of the triggers of the ethnic riots known as the Black March. From the 2005-2006 school year onwards, the Romanian classes were discontinued and the school became a fully Hungarian school again.@\nIn the summer of 2007, the Reformed College's coat of arms (a white angel on a blue background) was ceremoniously reinstated on the school's facade at the World Alumni Meeting.@\nAt present, the building owned by the Reformed Diocese of Transylvania is home to two schools, the Bolyai Farkas Lyceum and the Reformed College.\n&\nwikipedia: Bolyai Farkas L\u00edceum|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolyai_Farkas_L%C3%ADceum"},{"sightId":2302,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Reformat","address":"Strada Bolyai 3","mapdata":"1|2552|2738","gps_lat":"46.5441510207","gps_long":"24.5637626342","religion":2,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/www.refkoll.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Reformatus-kollegium-Marosvasarhely-1368","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=173","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bolyai_Farkas_Liceum,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(23).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Bolyai Farkas Liceum, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.12 (23)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/22\/Bolyai_Farkas_Liceum%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2823%29.jpg\/512px-Bolyai_Farkas_Liceum%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2823%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bolyai_Farkas_Liceum,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(23).jpg\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Grammar School (Old Building)","seolink":"calvinist-grammar-school-old-building","note":"","history":"At the Hungarian country assembly held in Kolozsv\u00e1r in 1556, the establishment of several new Reformed schools was discussed. The first known teacher of the school was Tordai \u00c1d\u00e1m, a graduate of the University of Wittenberg (1569). In February of the following year, in Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Queen Isabella of Hungary designated the former monastery of the Franciscan Order as the site of the institution, which was named Schola Particula. In 1601-1602, General Basta's imperial troops sacked the Castle Church, and the school was moved to the site where the Lyceum still stands today.@\nThe students of the college of S\u00e1rospatak, expelled in 1671, were taken in by the college of Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r. They were expelled from there in 1716 by the Austrian military on the grounds of the defence of the local fortress. In 1718, the Schola Particula in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely took in the institution and its students, which elevated it to the rank of a college, the third in Transylvania, along with the ones in Nagyenyed and Kolozsv\u00e1r. Its first permanent building was erected in the 1760s with the permission of Governor Hadik Andr\u00e1s. Between 1777 and 1779, with the help of the curator Teleki J\u00f3zsef, a new building was constructed to house the library and auditorium. Between 1801 and 1804, the north wing was added, which is still standing (although not in its original form), according to the plans of Ugrai L\u00e1szl\u00f3.@\nIn 1794, law is introduced in the upper classes, followed three years later by natural history. On 27 September 1802, the college took possession of the first printing press in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@\nIn May 1804, Bolyai Farkas delivered his inaugural address, marking the beginning of the institute's boom. Bolyai Farkas advocated the modernisation of education. His son, the famous mathematician Bolyai J\u00e1nos, also studied here. Within the walls of the institute he discovered the foundations of his theory of relativity.@\nAt the beginning of the 20th century, the old wing of the building was demolished and replaced by the present Art Nouveau building. The new building was constructed between 1908 and 1909 to the design of Baumgartner S\u00e1ndor. It was confiscated by the Romanians after the Romanian occupation and became a state school.@\nIn 1957, on the 400th anniversary of the institution's foundation, it took the name of Bolyai Farkas. The year 1960 was a sad year in the life of the secondary school, because it was converted into a mixed-language institution by the nationalist Romanian authorities. The idea of making the school fully Hungarian again had been mooted as early as 1990, one of the triggers of the ethnic riots known as the Black March. From the 2005-2006 school year onwards, the Romanian classes were discontinued and the school became a fully Hungarian school again.@\nIn the summer of 2007, the Reformed College's coat of arms (a white angel on a blue background) was ceremoniously reinstated on the school's facade at the World Alumni Meeting.@\nAt present, the building owned by the Reformed Diocese of Transylvania is home to two schools, the Bolyai Farkas Lyceum and the Reformed College.\n&\nwikipedia: Bolyai Farkas L\u00edceum|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolyai_Farkas_L%C3%ADceum"},{"sightId":2303,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"Biblioteca Teleki-Bolyai","address":"Bolyai utca 17.","mapdata":"1|2750|2953","gps_lat":"46.5427571535","gps_long":"24.5653876918","religion":0,"oldtype":"76","newtype":"76","homepage":"http:\/\/www.telekiteka.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Teleki-Teka-Marosvasarhely-1411","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=179","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(33).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.12 (33)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9b\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2833%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2833%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(33).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Teleki Library, Teleki-Bolyai Library","seolink":"teleki-library-teleki-bolyai-library","note":"","history":"The Teleki-Bolyai Library or Teleki T\u00e9ka is one of the most important cultural heritage sites in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. The library was established in 1797 by Count Teleki S\u00e1muel, Chancellor of Transylvania, who was not only a wealthy but also a highly educated man, having studied at several European universities. He spent most of his fortune on the purchase of more than 40 000 volumes, which he used to create the public library that bears his name today. The library has many incunables, many old books, manuscripts and rare books. It is interesting to note that Count Sz\u00e9ch\u00e9nyi Ferenc founded his own library in Pest later that year, on 25 November (the National Sz\u00e9ch\u00e9nyi Library), which became the ancestor of the Hungarian National Museum.@\nFrom 7 November 1759 to 17 November 1763, Teleki S\u00e1muel studied in Switzerland, the Netherlands and France, during which time he studied at the Universities of Basel, Utrecht and Leiden. Jakob Christoph Beck, professor of theology and history and keeper of the Basel public library, provided him with useful advice on how to start collecting books. He visited scholars, booksellers and librarians in the cities he visited on his travels; by the time he returned home he had trained himself as an expert bibliophile and brought back nine crates of books, weighing twenty-six and a half hundred kilograms. Settled on his estate in S\u00e1romberk, he kept in touch by correspondence with the scholars of his day, both at home and abroad, organised his book procurement network and lent books.@\nIn 1778 Teleki moved to Nagyszeben, where he took his books with him and continued to lend them. In 1785 he moved his residence to Nagyv\u00e1rad, in 1787 to Vienna, but he stored his books in Nagyszeben. It was in Vienna that he met Johannes von M\u00fcller, a renowned book expert of the time, who helped him a great deal in identifying and valuing the books. In 1788, the Austro-Turkish mitary operations in Transylvania made Teleki very concerned about the integrity of his library, so he asked his brother-in-law, J\u00f3sika Antal, to move the books to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. In the early 1790s (the exact date is not known) Teleki took the library to Vienna, but in April 1797, due to the war with the French, he moved it again to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. Here he stored the books in the Wessel\u00e9nyi house, which his wife, Bethlen Zsuzsanna of Ikt\u00e1r, had inherited from her aunt, Baron Wessel\u00e9nyi Kata (widow of Rh\u00e9dey Zsigmond).@\nThe building, built in the 1770s, was extended by Teleki between 1799 and 1802 according to the plans of the Viennese architect Ernst Koch. Teleki personally directed the arrangement of the books before the opening in the autumn of 1802. The building was a traditional aristocratic palace, almost half of which was occupied by a public library. It was at this time that he hired the first librarian in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, Sz\u00e1sz J\u00f3zsef, who set up a very modern catalogue system. In his will, he left the collection to his heirs as a testamentary legacy, obliging them to continue the library's operation, while at the same time entrusting its supervision to the Transylvanian Reformed Consistory. He also added to his own collection the collection of his wife, who died in 1799, which consisted of some 2,000 volumes in Hungarian only and was founded by her grandmother, Rh\u00e9dei Zsuzsanna, and then further enriched by Wessel\u00e9nyi Kata.@\nAfter the death of Teleki S\u00e1muel, the regular growth of the T\u00e9ka began to falter and almost ceased.@ \nIn 1864, R\u00e9csi Emil's legal library of 800 works was bought for the T\u00e9ka. From the 1880s onwards, the institution was transformed from a library into a book museum, its acquisitions not keeping pace with the scholarly needs of the time.@\nThe Teleki family archives were moved to Budapest in 1916 and are now in the National Archives. In the years following the Second World War, the Teleki Library was taken over by the state.@\nIn 1955, the Great Library (Bolyai Library) of the Reformed College of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely moved to the T\u00e9ka building, and in 1962 the two collections were merged under the name of Teleki-Bolyai Library. It was here that Dr. Farcz\u00e1dy Elek discovered the 14th century Hungarian language text known as the Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely rows or Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely glossary.@\nAlso the collection of the dissolved Franciscan monastery of Mikh\u00e1za, the library of the former Unitarian High School of Sz\u00e9kelykereszt\u00far, the library of the Reformed College of M\u00e1ramarossziget, and the teachers' library of the Catholic Grammar School of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely were moved here.@\nIn 1993, members of the Teleki family living abroad established a foundation in Basel called F\u00f6rderstiftung Teleki T\u00e9ka to support the Teleki-Bolyai Library. In 1999, with the help of this Basel foundation, the Teleki T\u00e9ka Foundation was established in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely with the same purpose.@\nThe building was built in the Baroque style in the 17th and 18th centuries. Teleki S\u00e1muel extended it with the western wing between 1799 and 1802, where he opened his public library, which still houses the holdings of the former Teleki Library.\n&\nwikipedia: Teleki\u2013Bolyai K\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teleki%E2%80%93Bolyai_K%C3%B6nyvt%C3%A1r"},{"sightId":2304,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Liceul de Art\u0103 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219","address":"Strada Revolu\u021biei 9 (egykori Szent Gy\u00f6rgy utca)","mapdata":"1|2566|2162","gps_lat":"46.5474014361","gps_long":"24.5637862575","religion":1,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.liceuldeartams.ro\/?lang=hu","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Romai-katolikus-leanyiskola-Marosvasarhely-1961","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Liceul_de_arta_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Liceul de arta 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/RO_MS_Liceul_de_arta_1.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Liceul_de_arta_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Liceul_de_arta_1.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Roman Catholic Girl's School, Arts High School","seolink":"former-roman-catholic-girls-school-arts-high-school","note":"","history":"The Catholic parochial school moved to the Arcade House in 1783. Between 1880 and 1882 a new, modern educational building was built in neo-Baroque style according to the plans of Jelinek Antal. After 1945 it was nationalised and became the Art Lyceum, which is still in operation today. In 1972 it was extended in a modern style. In 1908, the church bought the house at no. 7 for a dormitory, but it also housed a canteen and classrooms."},{"sightId":2305,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Na\u021bional Alexandru Papiu Ilarian","address":"Pia\u021ba Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy 12","mapdata":"1|3097|2399","gps_lat":"46.5461662917","gps_long":"24.5683776138","religion":1,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.papiu.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Felsobb-Leanyiskola--ma--Papiu-Ilarian-Kollegium--Marosvasarhely-1430","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=239","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Felsobb_leanyiskola_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Felsobb leanyiskola Marosvasarhely\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Felsobb_leanyiskola_Marosvasarhely.jpg\/512px-Felsobb_leanyiskola_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Felsobb_leanyiskola_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003EUnknown authorUnknown author\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Roman Catholic Girl's High School, Alexandru Papiu Ilarian High School","seolink":"former-roman-catholic-girls-high-school-alexandru-papiu-ilarian-high-school","note":"","history":"The building was built between 1912 and 1913 for the Roman Catholic Girls' Lyceum. It was designed by the architect Rad\u00f3 S\u00e1ndor in Art Nouveau style."},{"sightId":2306,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada \u0218tefan cel Mare 26","mapdata":"1|2939|3563","gps_lat":"46.5391877840","gps_long":"24.5670599339","religion":2,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"80","homepage":"http:\/\/www.gecse.sokoldal.hu\/fooldal","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Calvinist School","seolink":"former-calvinist-school","note":"","history":"The Reformed school building, dating from the 1850s, is now a residential building at number 26. Next to the church is the congregation house, and across the street is the parish building with the council chamber.\n&\nwikipedia: Kistemplom (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kistemplom_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2307,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere, Pet\u0151fi utca","mapdata":"1|2605|2393","gps_lat":"46.5460872648","gps_long":"24.5641066420","religion":1,"oldtype":"53, 4","newtype":"4","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Romai-katolikus-plebania-Marosvasarhely-1915","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Katolikus_templom,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Katolikus templom, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e5\/Katolikus_templom%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\/512px-Katolikus_templom%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Katolikus_templom,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11.JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Roman Catholic Parish, House of Nagy Szab\u00f3 Ferenc","seolink":"roman-catholic-parish-house-of-nagy-szabo-ferenc","note":"","history":"In 1719, the Jesuits bought the house built by master tailor Nagy Szab\u00f3 Ferenc in 1623, which they converted into a monastery. Nagy Szab\u00f3 Ferenc was a well-off citizen and the judge of G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny Castle. He took part in the campaigns of the princes of Transylvania. In 1614 he went to Constantinople as Transylvanian envoy. His memoirs, written in the 1650s, are an important historical source."},{"sightId":2308,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor (R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere) 61","mapdata":"1|2617|2447","gps_lat":"46.5458636914","gps_long":"24.5640593727","religion":0,"oldtype":"98","newtype":"98","homepage":"http:\/\/mvh-belvaros.plebania.ro\/egyhazmuveszeti-muzeum\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Museum of Ecclesiastical Art of the St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Parish","seolink":"museum-of-ecclesiastical-art-of-the-st-john-the-baptist-roman-catholic-parish","note":"In the church.","history":"The museum was established in 2002 thanks to the initiative of Archdeacon Csat\u00f3 B\u00e9la and M\u00e1rton Judit, a specialist engineer in monument conservation. Initially, the exhibition material in the northern side gallery of the church consisted only of oil paintings, but later, as a result of continuous collecting, it was expanded with valuable objects made from gold and silver, sculptures, liturgical books and objects. The permanent exhibition opened on 24 June 2005.@\nOn 28 March 1707, the last Transylvanian country assembly held in the Castle Church in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely elected R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II as Prince. The Prince then received the congratulatory delegations on the upper floor of this house."},{"sightId":2309,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Gheorghe Doja 11 (egykori S\u00e1ndor J\u00e1nos utca)","mapdata":"1|1822|3927","gps_lat":"46.5370205603","gps_long":"24.5574071800","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Altalanos-elemi-iskola-Marosvasarhely-1963","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Hungarian Royal Elementary School","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-elementary-school","note":"","history":"The school was built between 1905 and 1906 in the eclectic-Art Nouveau style, the master builder was Csisz\u00e1r Lajos Jr. It was one of the five modern schools built in the town with the support of the Hungarian government at the beginning of the 20th century to raise the level of education for the people."},{"sightId":2310,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Cimitirul Reformat","address":"Strada Crizantemelor 4","mapdata":"1|3227|2700","gps_lat":"46.5440389756","gps_long":"24.5696558277","religion":2,"oldtype":"42","newtype":"42","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Hints Zolt\u00e1n, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hints_Elek_(id.)_s%C3%ADrja,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Hints Elek (id.) s\u00edrja, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Hints_Elek_%28id.%29_s%C3%ADrja%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.jpg\/512px-Hints_Elek_%28id.%29_s%C3%ADrja%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hints_Elek_(id.)_s%C3%ADrja,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely.jpg\u0022\u003EHints Zolt\u00e1n\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Cemetery","seolink":"calvinist-cemetery","note":"","history":"Established in 1617 on the side of Somostet\u0151 Hill, it is one of the oldest and most valuable cemetery in Transylvania. The mortuary in the centre was built in 1698 of Turkey oak, without iron nails. A small demonstration garden of the most valuable 17th-19th century gravestones in Latin and Hungarian was also created. The mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy, the founder of modern Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, is buried here. Wooden memorial columns (kopjafa) has been erected over the graves of Bolyai Farkas and J\u00e1nos, with signposts directing to it."},{"sightId":2311,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"Consiliul Jude\u0163ean Mure\u015f, Maros Megyei Tan\u00e1cs","address":"Pia\u0163a Victoriei (Gy\u0151zelem t\u00e9r) 2.","mapdata":"1|1819|2911","gps_lat":"46.5430003498","gps_long":"24.5574099940","religion":0,"oldtype":"12","newtype":"11","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoshaza-Marosvasarhely-1429","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=240","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mihai Stancu, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Prefecturii_din_Tirgu_Mures.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Prefecturii din Tirgu Mures\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Palatul_Prefecturii_din_Tirgu_Mures.JPG\/512px-Palatul_Prefecturii_din_Tirgu_Mures.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Prefecturii_din_Tirgu_Mures.JPG\u0022\u003EMihai Stancu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Palace of Public Administration","seolink":"palace-of-public-administration","note":"","history":"The Palace of Public Administration was built between 1905-1907 at the request of Mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy. It was designed by Komor Marcell and Jakab Dezs\u0151 in the style of Hungarian Art Nouveau. It was originally a town hall (mayor's office). It was often called the Cifra Palota (Flashy Palace), as such an imposing building was unusual for the small town at the time.@\nAfter the Romanian occupation, the impressive coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary on the outer wall was removed, as were the window panes painted by R\u00f3th Miksa, depicting Franz Joseph (the largest), Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania, Kossuth Lajos, De\u00e1k Ferenc and R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II. The ornate window panes were replaced by simple, ordinary glass.@\nIn 2007, the stained glass windows were recovered and restoration work began, supported by the Budapest Municipality and the R\u00f3th Miksa Museum. After the restoration, the windows could not be returned to their original location because of the Romanians, but they are on display in the Palace of Culture as part of the historical exhibition.@\nThe north-east part of the building includes a 60-metre-high tower, which can be seen from almost every corner of the city. Its clock was made by M\u00fcller J\u00e1nos and the bells by Th\u00fari Ferenc. The Palace is currently the seat of the Maros County Prefecture and the County Council."},{"sightId":2312,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u0163a Victoriei (Gy\u0151zelem t\u00e9r) 1","mapdata":"1|1889|2876","gps_lat":"46.5432243909","gps_long":"24.5579715415","religion":0,"oldtype":"98,76,92","newtype":"98,76,92","homepage":"http:\/\/palatul-culturii.ro\/hu\/","openinghours":"http:\/\/palatul-culturii.ro\/hu\/vizita\/orar\/","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Kulturpalota-Marosvasarhely-1367","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=238","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Rsocol, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Culturii_(Targu_Mures).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Culturii (Targu Mures)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/89\/Palatul_Culturii_%28Targu_Mures%29.jpg\/512px-Palatul_Culturii_%28Targu_Mures%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Culturii_(Targu_Mures).jpg\u0022\u003ERsocol\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Palace of Culture","seolink":"palace-of-culture","note":"","history":"In 1907, a bill proposed the establishment of community centres in rural towns to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the coronation of Franz Joseph. The Palace of Culture was built in the Hungarian Art Nouveau style between 1911 and 1913, during the term of Mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy. The Palace of Culture is a significant example of the Hungarian Art Nouveau architectural movement started by Lechner \u00d6d\u00f6n. The competition for the Palace of Culture was won by Komor Marcell and Jakab Dezs\u0151 with a three-storey building design, only later to be converted into a four-storey building at the request of Mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy. Construction began in 1911 and by 1913 the interior decoration was completed. It housed a concert hall, music school, museum and library. On the ground floor there were shops and a caf\u00e9.@\nThe windows are decorated with scenes from Hungarian sagas. The roof is covered with blue, red and white tiles made by the famous Zsolnay factory. On the third floor, the exterior facade is decorated with a mosaic by K\u00f6r\u00f6sf\u0151i-Kriesch Alad\u00e1r entitled \u0022Homage to Hungaria\u0022. In the centre, an allegorical female figure of Hungaria is seated on a throne, with the Hungarian crown on her head and a sword in her hand. On either side of the mosaic stands Athena in a helmet. The angel on the left is holding the coat of arms of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and the angel on the right is holding the coat of arms of King Matthias. On the main facade, the sculptures and reliefs are made of stone and bronze, and are called the national pantheon. The Mirror Room on the first floor has four windows topped with copper-plated half-domes and their parapets are decorated with portraits of Hungarian writers (Kazinczy Ferenc, Tompa Mih\u00e1ly, Kem\u00e9ny Zsigmond, etc.). The parapets of the windows on the second floor are decorated with portraits of great figures of Hungarian literature, science and art carved in stone (including Teleki S\u00e1muel, Bolyai Ferenc, Bolyai J\u00e1nos, Mentovich Ferenc). The four bronze reliefs above the gates depict St. Elisabeth of Hungary, Bolyai J\u00e1nos and Farkas, Aranka Gy\u00f6rgy and Katona J\u00f3zsef's play B\u00e1nk b\u00e1n set to music by Erkel Ferenc.@\nThe large concert hall on the ground floor can accommodate 800 people. The foyer is 45 metres long. The walls are covered with 12 stained-glass compositions designed by Thorozkai-Wigand Ede and Nagy S\u00e1ndor for the 1914 San Francisco World's Fair, but history intervened: the First World War broke out. The Mirror Room, the smallest hall in the palace, is a real gem. On the third floor is the Fine Arts Museum, with over a thousand works of art. The library contains more than 1 million volumes."},{"sightId":2313,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Bolyai","mapdata":"1|2628|2776","gps_lat":"46.5437916705","gps_long":"24.5643003429","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Regi-varmegyehaza-Marosvasarhely-1801","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_5_(2).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Str Bolyai nr 5 (2)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_5_%282%29.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_5_%282%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_5_(2).jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former County Hall","seolink":"former-county-hall","note":"","history":"The building partly came into the possession of Marossz\u00e9k from Szalai Gy\u00f6rgy, who was convicted of treason in 1711, and partly by purchase. The baroque building has a carved coat of arms of Marossz\u00e9k on the gate. It was extended in 1744, when the southern part of the street wing was built. In 1842, the rear courtyard wing was built, with prison cells on the ground floor and a meeting room on the first floor. In 1878, the Sz\u00e9kely seats (traditional administration units) were abolished and counties were created. The resulting Maros-Torda County also operated in this house. The Romanian invaders started to build the new county hall in the Romanian style, and it was finished by the Hungarians in 1941."},{"sightId":2314,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Curtea de Apel","address":"Justi\u0163iei (T\u00f6rv\u00e9nysz\u00e9k) 1.","mapdata":"1|2648|3084","gps_lat":"46.5419760645","gps_long":"24.5644784857","religion":0,"oldtype":"17","newtype":"17","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Torvenyszek-Marosvasarhely-1942","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(32).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.12 (32)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2832%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2832%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(32).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal Court of Justice","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-court-of-justice","note":"","history":"The court building was built between 1895 and 1897 in eclectic style. During the renovation in 1995, four wall paintings were found in the foyer, which had been plastered after the Romanian occupation. They depict prominent figures in the development of Hungarian law: King Andrew II (Golden Bull), King Matthias the Just, Werb\u0151czy Istv\u00e1n (author of Tripartitum) and De\u00e1k Ferenc."},{"sightId":2315,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Universitatea de Medicin\u0103, Farmacie, \u0218tiin\u021be \u0219i Tehnologie","address":"Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38","mapdata":"1|4578|889","gps_lat":"46.5550426766","gps_long":"24.5810424954","religion":0,"oldtype":"20,74","newtype":"75","homepage":"https:\/\/www.umfst.ro\/hu\/home.html","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022I, Lacihobo, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy_of_T%C3%A2rgu-Mure%C5%9F.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022University of Medicine and Pharmacy of T\u00e2rgu-Mure\u015f\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy_of_T%C3%A2rgu-Mure%C5%9F.JPG\/512px-University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy_of_T%C3%A2rgu-Mure%C5%9F.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy_of_T%C3%A2rgu-Mure%C5%9F.JPG\u0022\u003EI, Lacihobo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Military School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy","seolink":"former-military-school-university-of-medicine-and-pharmacy","note":"","history":"The building complex consisting of the main building, the teacher's apartments and crew buildings were constructed between 1907 and 1909 by the Gr\u00fcnwald Brothers from Budapest. After the Second World War, part of the Medical University of Kolozsv\u00e1r was moved to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. Teaching was in Hungarian. In 1962, the Romanian section of the university was established."},{"sightId":2316,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Muzeul de \u015etiin\u0163ele Naturii","address":"Strada Horea 24","mapdata":"1|1689|2454","gps_lat":"46.5456522126","gps_long":"24.5562445094","religion":0,"oldtype":"98","newtype":"98","homepage":"http:\/\/muzeulmures.ro\/termeszettudomanyi-muzeum","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=267","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Nature_History_Museum_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Nature History Museum 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4b\/RO_MS_Nature_History_Museum_2.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Nature_History_Museum_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Nature_History_Museum_2.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Industrian Museum of Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld, Museum of Natural Sciences","seolink":"former-industrian-museum-of-szekelyfold-museum-of-natural-sciences","note":"","history":"As a result of the persistent lobbying of the Sz\u00e9kely Cultural and Economic Association, with government support and local donations, the construction of the museum began in 1890, based on the plans of the architect Kiss Istv\u00e1n. It was cmpleted by 1893. The facade's tympanum is decorated with the sculptures of R\u00f3na J\u00f3zsef, with King Attila on the throne in the centre, and with female figures representing Transylvania and Hungary on the right and left."},{"sightId":2317,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Revolu\u021biei 35 (egykori Szent Gy\u00f6rgy \u00fat)","mapdata":"1|2648|1816","gps_lat":"46.5494994885","gps_long":"24.5645203379","religion":0,"oldtype":"71","newtype":"71","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"http:\/\/muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Regi-korhaz-Marosvasarhely-1952","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Old Hospital","seolink":"old-hospital","note":"","history":"The hospital was built between 1880 and 1881 in the neoclassical style. It was taken over by the state in 1901. Since 1952, it has been used as an internal medicine clinic. There was already a hospital in the town in the 14th century. Its modern hospital was established in 1812 and operated on several sites until a modern building was constructed."},{"sightId":2318,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Camera de Comer\u0163 \u015fi Industrie","address":"Strada Prim\u0103riei (V\u00e1rosh\u00e1za) 1.","mapdata":"1|1753|2960","gps_lat":"46.5427512669","gps_long":"24.5568928085","religion":0,"oldtype":"16","newtype":"16","homepage":"http:\/\/www.cciams.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Kereskedelmi-es-Iparkamara-Marosvasarhely-1707","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Camera_de_Industrie_si_Comert.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures Camera de Industrie si Comert\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/Tg.Mures_Camera_de_Industrie_si_Comert.jpg\/512px-Tg.Mures_Camera_de_Industrie_si_Comert.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Camera_de_Industrie_si_Comert.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Chamber of Commerce and Industry","seolink":"chamber-of-commerce-and-industry","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1910 in Art Nouveau style according to the designs of Toroczkai Wigand Ede and Rad\u00f3 S\u00e1ndor. They also used motifs and solutions from Transylvanian folk architecture."},{"sightId":2319,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":" Str. George Enescu 2.","mapdata":"1|1817|2835","gps_lat":"46.5434960065","gps_long":"24.5573168920","religion":0,"oldtype":"15","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Nyugdijpalota-Marosvasarhely-1703","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(42).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11 (42)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2842%29.JPG\/256px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2842%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(42).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Pension Institution","seolink":"former-pension-institution","note":"","history":"The house was built between 1909-1910 in Art Nouveau style according to the plans of Rad\u00f3 S\u00e1ndor."},{"sightId":2320,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u0163a Trandafirilor 13","mapdata":"1|2266|2556","gps_lat":"46.5451047649","gps_long":"24.5612647794","religion":0,"oldtype":"16,83","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Meszaros-Ipartarsulat-szekhaza-Marosvasarhely-1960","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_13.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures Piata Trandafirilor nr 13\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9b\/RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_13.jpg\/512px-RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_13.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_13.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Butcher's Industrial Association","seolink":"former-butchers-industrial-association","note":"","history":"In 1873, the guilds were abolished centrally and replaced by industrial associations. In 1876, the town centre was largely destroyed by fire, and the main square took on its present appearance. In 1888 the headquarters of the Butchers' Industrial Association was built based on the plans of Nagy Gy\u0151z\u0151.@ \nThe southern one-storey wing was the \u0022Grand Butchery\u0022, where fresh meat was sold. In the main building there were offices and community rooms (club room, billiard room and chess room). After 1945 it was nationalised and turned into a cinema."},{"sightId":2321,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u0163a Trandafirilor 49","mapdata":"1|2374|2617","gps_lat":"46.5447718030","gps_long":"24.5621576108","religion":0,"oldtype":"16,80,81","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Csizmakeszito-Ipartarsulat-szekhaza-Marosvasarhely-1959","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_49.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures Piata Trandafirilor nr 49\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_49.jpg\/512px-RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_49.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_49.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Bootmaker's Industrial Association","seolink":"former-bootmakers-industrial-association","note":"","history":"In 1620, the town's boot and shoemakers obtained a licence from Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania to form a guild. In 1873, the guilds were centrally abolished and replaced by industrial associations. In 1876, the town centre was largely destroyed by fire, and the main square took on its present appearance. In 1890 the headquarters of the Bootmakers' Industrial Association was built based on the plans of Nagy Gy\u0151z\u0151. The upstairs was used as offices, while the rest of the building was used as a hotel with a restaurant on the ground floor. A plaque commemorating the Millennium of Hungary, unveiled by the Bootmakers' Association in 1896, is on the wall of the gateway. In 1949, the restaurant was converted into a cinema."},{"sightId":2322,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy 1.","mapdata":"1|2666|2344","gps_lat":"46.5463482133","gps_long":"24.5646899793","religion":0,"oldtype":"80,81","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Europa-szallo-es-kavehaz-Marosvasarhely-1964","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Former_Europa_Hotel_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Former Europa Hotel 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3d\/RO_MS_Former_Europa_Hotel_1.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Former_Europa_Hotel_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Former_Europa_Hotel_1.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Europe Hotel and Caf\u00e9","seolink":"former-europe-hotel-and-cafe","note":"","history":"The hotel was built at the end of the 19th century in eclectic style, owned by the Csern\u00e1t family. After 1945 it was nationalised, both towers were demolished and most of the ornaments on the facade were removed. The caf\u00e9 was furnished in the style of the caf\u00e9s of Budapest, and later operated under the name of Loyd."},{"sightId":2323,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Revolu\u0163iei 5 (egykori Szent Gy\u00f6rgy \u00fat)","mapdata":"1|2542|2220","gps_lat":"46.5470848823","gps_long":"24.5635967036","religion":0,"oldtype":"80,80","newtype":"90","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Meder-szalloda-es-etterem-Marosvasarhely-1965","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former M\u00e9der Hotel and Restaurant","seolink":"former-meder-hotel-and-restaurant","note":"","history":"The house was built in the second half of the 19th century to house the headquarters of the Hungarian Industrialists' Association. It received its neoclassical facade thanks to the engineer Nagy Gy\u0151z\u0151. On the ground floor there was a restaurant, on the first floor a meeting room, and in the courtyard wing a hotel, run by the widow of M\u00e9der Antal. After 1945 it was nationalised, part of its facade's decoration was removed and it is now used as a training hall for military athletes."},{"sightId":2324,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Prim\u0103ria (V\u00e1rosh\u00e1za)","address":"Pia\u021ba Victoriei 3","mapdata":"1|1812|3022","gps_lat":"46.5423575237","gps_long":"24.5573745498","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"12","homepage":"https:\/\/www.tirgumures.ro\/index.php?lang=hu","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg._Mures_Primaria_actuala.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg. Mures Primaria actuala\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Tg._Mures_Primaria_actuala.jpg\/512px-Tg._Mures_Primaria_actuala.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg._Mures_Primaria_actuala.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former (Romanian) County Hall, Town Hall","seolink":"former-romanian-county-hall-town-hall","note":"","history":"It was built after the Romanian occupation. Its style does not fit in the town centre.@\nAt the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning necessitated the construction of a new county hall in the Art Nouveau style, in keeping with the unified design of the main square. The competition was won by K\u00f3s K\u00e1roly and Toroczkai Wigand Ede, but construction was delayed by the outbreak of the First World War. The Romanian occupation made it impossible to build the county hall based on the original plans.@\nIn the 1930s, the idea of completing the square was raised again. In 1936, the designs of architect Eugen Grosu in the new Br\u00e2ncoveanu style, which was widespread in Wallachia and Moldavia, won the approval of the Romanian authorities. Construction began in 1938, during the second term of Mayor Emil Dandea (1936-1940). The building, still unfinished at the time of the Second Vienna Award in 1940, was finally completed by the architect Kotsis Iv\u00e1n in 1942. In 1943, the administration of Marossz\u00e9k moved from the old to the new county hall.@\nIn 1962, the county administration was moved to the old town hall and replaced by the town administration (the former Town Hall, the Palace of Public Administration, became the local headquarters of the Romanian Communist Party)."},{"sightId":2325,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Teatrul Na\u021bional","address":"Pia\u021ba Teatrului 1","mapdata":"1|2200|2357","gps_lat":"46.5462674850","gps_long":"24.5606143522","religion":0,"oldtype":"91","newtype":"91","homepage":"https:\/\/teatrunational.ro\/?lg=hu","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei Stroe, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_TgM_national_theatre.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS TgM national theatre\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/RO_MS_TgM_national_theatre.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_TgM_national_theatre.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_TgM_national_theatre.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei Stroe\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Theatre","seolink":"theatre","note":"","history":"The Romanian socialist authorities ordered the construction of the theatre, which led to the demolition of the Franciscan church and monastery in 1971. In return, the authorities allowed the Roman Catholic Archdiocese to start building the parish church of St. Imre in Liberty Street. The stained-glass windows of the Church of the Brothers can be seen in the church that was built.@\nThe theatre opened in 1973. Its more modern style means it does not blend into the town centre. The theatre is bilingual, the Hungarian company is called the Tompa Mikl\u00f3s Company and the Romanian company is called the Liviu Rebreanu Company."},{"sightId":2326,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Revolu\u021biei 1 (egykori Szent Gy\u00f6rgy \u00fat)","mapdata":"1|2512|2282","gps_lat":"46.5467334179","gps_long":"24.5633580671","religion":0,"oldtype":"53,74,76,98,93","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_K%C3%B6peczi-Teleki_house.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS K\u00f6peczi-Teleki house\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/RO_MS_K%C3%B6peczi-Teleki_house.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_K%C3%B6peczi-Teleki_house.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_K%C3%B6peczi-Teleki_house.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"K\u00f6peczi\u2013Teleki House","seolink":"kopeczi-teleki-house","note":"","history":"The 16th century Transylvanian patrician house is the oldest surviving residential building in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and it was also once the largest building in the town. It was built in 1554 by K\u00f6peczi Nagy Tam\u00e1s in Renaissance style. The builder served as a town judge and as a tenant of the Transylvanian treasury revenues under Queen Isabella.@\nThe house was bought by the town in 1636 to accommodate princes and other high-ranking guests arriving in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. Among others, Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy I of Transylvania stayed here after a hunting trip to G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny.@\nIn the early 18th century it was owned by the Jesuits who moved back to the town, and in 1717 it served as a school for the Reformed students expelled from Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r (it was merged with the Reformed school of the town in 1718 under the name of Reformed College). In 1756, Count Teleki L\u00e1szl\u00f3 bought the building from the Borb\u00e9ly family, and between 1763 and 1768 it was renovated in the Baroque style under the guidance of German architect Paul Schmidt.@\nBetween 1808 and 1812 it was rebuilt again, the arcaded plinth on the ground floor was walled in, and the facade on the upper floor was given a neoclassical style. It was then that the house acquired its present appearance.@\nIn 1808, the new owner of the house, Count Teleki J\u00f3zsef, set up a library and a museum (natural history and mineralogical collection) in the building, which was admired by foreign eminent persons. From 1845, the Hungarian Gentleman's Casino, where grand balls and dances were held, was housed here.\n&\nwikipedia: K\u00f6peczi\u2013Teleki-h\u00e1z|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C3%B6peczi%E2%80%93Teleki-h%C3%A1z"},{"sightId":2327,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 11","mapdata":"1|2300|2520","gps_lat":"46.5453611414","gps_long":"24.5615098187","religion":0,"oldtype":"50,114","newtype":"98","homepage":"http:\/\/muzeulmures.ro\/neprajzi-es-nepmuveszeti-muzeum","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Toldalagi-palota-Marosvasarhely-1412","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=178","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(8).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely (8)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%288%29.jpg\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%288%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(8).jpg\u0022\u003EElekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Toldalagi Palace, Maros County Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art","seolink":"toldalagi-palace-maros-county-museum-of-ethnography-and-folk-art","note":"","history":"The 18th century Baroque building currently houses the ethnographic section of the County Museum. It is the first and the most important representative of the Baroque aristocratic palaces, which were built after the supreme court of Transylvania (Tabula Regia) was moved to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. It was built between 1759 and 1772 based on the design of the French architect Jean Louis D'or. The interior decorations were made by Schmidt P\u00e1l and the sculptor Anton Schuchbauer. The palace was built by Count Toldalagi L\u00e1szl\u00f3, the side judge of the Tabula Regia, and his wife Wass Kata (the twin coat of arms and marble plaque on the facade commemorate them). In 1786, the printing house established by Kapsonczai Nyerges \u00c1d\u00e1m was located here, and in 1802 it was donated to the Reformed College. It was a bank in the 1920s, and after restoration work in the 1960s, the Maros County Museum's history department moved into the building, and then the ethnographic department in 1984."},{"sightId":2328,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 12","mapdata":"1|2283|2537","gps_lat":"46.5452184999","gps_long":"24.5613902795","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_12.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures Piata Trandafirilor nr 12\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_12.jpg\/256px-RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_12.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Trandafirilor_nr_12.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"B\u00e1nyai House","seolink":"banyai-house","note":"","history":"The eclectic style building was built in the early 20th century for the master butcher B\u00e1nyai B\u00e9la. Not to be confused with the (Papp-)B\u00e1nyai Palace, which stands on the opposite side of the Main Square. There were formerly wooden buildings in the area, which burnt down in 1876 in a fire that started in an annex to the Franciscan monastery. The ruins were eventually replaced by high-rise stone houses; in 1888, the headquarters of the Butcher's Industrial Association was built here, including the Great Butchery. The B\u00e1nyai House was built next to it between 1904 and 1907 for the butcher B\u00e1nyai B\u00e9la, probably designed by Nagy Gy\u0151z\u0151 and built by So\u00f3s P\u00e1l. The \u00c9deslyuk restaurant was located in the courtyard.@\nThe former mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy lived in the first floor apartment between 1936 and 1937, after selling his villa in Kos\u00e1rdomb to the brewer B\u00fcrger Albert. In 1948, after the communist takeover, the building was nationalised and the restaurant closed. Today it houses apartments and shops on the ground floor.\n&\nwikipedia: B\u00e1nyai-h\u00e1z (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%A1nyai-h%C3%A1z_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2329,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Apollo","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 5","mapdata":"1|2410|2378","gps_lat":"46.5461618617","gps_long":"24.5624922989","religion":0,"oldtype":"92,91,53","newtype":"74","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Apollo-palota-Marosvasarhely-1907","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=413","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Palatul_Apollo_(2).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures Palatul Apollo (2)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Tg.Mures_Palatul_Apollo_%282%29.jpg\/512px-Tg.Mures_Palatul_Apollo_%282%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Palatul_Apollo_(2).jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Apoll\u00f3 Palace","seolink":"apollo-palace","note":"","history":"The palace was built by Count Teleki S\u00e1muel between 1804 and 1807 with the aim of using the proceeds to maintain his library, the Teleki Library. The work was supervised by master builder Johannes Sommer from Kolozsv\u00e1r. It was built in the late Baroque-neoclassical style. Originally it was a three-storey building, it had shops on the ground floor, apartments on the first floor and a ballroom on the second floor, where theatre performances were also held. The great hall was used for balls and dances, and was the main meeting place for the town's nobility in the 19th century. As Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely did not have a stone theatre until the 1970s, from the 1820s onwards theatrical performances were also held in the Apollo Palace: in the Great Hall in winter and in inclement weather, and in summer on the stage set up in the garden in 1872 (Apollo Garden).@\nThe palace is named after the Roman sun god Apollo, and the main hall is decorated with murals depicting Apollo.@\nThe great hall was closed in 1891 due to fire hazards, and was replaced by the large hall of the old Transylvania Hotel. The Teleki heirs did not respect the will of Teleki S\u00e1muel, and in 1923 they sold the palace to the brewer B\u00fcrger Albert, who in 1924 dismantled the interior of the building and, taking advantage of the second floor's ceiling height, divided it into two floors, creating suites. The reconstruction was based on the plans of Rad\u00f3 S\u00e1ndor, and as a result the building lost its original Baroque character.@\nFrom 1923, the Hungarian Gentleman's Casino operated on the ground floor. The V\u00e1s\u00e1rhely Meeting was held in the building in October 1937 with 187 participants, at which the representatives of the Transylvanian Hungarians declared that the idea of unity and the struggle for their rights should permeate all the institutions of their minority life, but that the possibility of peaceful coexistence between the Romanian and Hungarian peoples should also be sought. The meeting was chaired by the writer Tam\u00e1si \u00c1ron.\n&\nwikipedia: Apoll\u00f3-palota (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apoll%C3%B3-palota_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2330,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Cercul Militar","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 2","mapdata":"1|2569|2321","gps_lat":"46.5464590125","gps_long":"24.5638713366","religion":0,"oldtype":"50,12,84","newtype":"20","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Gorog-haz-Marosvasarhely-1944","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(6).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely (6)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/26\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%286%29.jpg\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%286%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(6).jpg\u0022\u003EElekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"G\u00f6r\u00f6g House","seolink":"gorog-house","note":"","history":"The house took its present form in the 1830s. In 1849, the Hungarian revolutionary poet Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor set out from here for the Battle of Segesv\u00e1r, which is commemorated by a plaque on the building. It is now the House of the Army (Cercul Militar).@\nThe corner house, built at the end of the 18th century as a one-storey building with Baroque style features, was added two storeys by the owner G\u00f6r\u00f6g J\u00f3zsef (probably a Greek merchant, who integrated into native Hungarians) between 1827 and 1828. At the time of the merchant's death, the St. George Street part of the building was still unfinished, completed in 1838 by the widow and descendants. In the middle of the 19th century, it was one of the tallest buildings in the town, with officials living on the upper floors and shops on the ground floor.@\nThe house has hosted many balls and aristocratic events. Between 1848 and 1849, the building was used by the Town Council, as the old Council House was damaged and burnt down by the Austrian General Gedeon during the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. On 30 July 1849, the general staff of General Bem J\u00f3zsef was stationed in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and the poet Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor stayed here as a guest of the G\u00f6r\u00f6g family before leaving for the fateful battle of Segesv\u00e1r, where he disappeared for ever. In 1852, Emperor Franz Joseph I also stayed here. From 1868, it was the seat of the Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely Savings Bank, symbolised by the beehive embossed on the facade as a symbol of thrift. Established in 1868, it was the oldest and most prestigious Hungarian financial institution in the town.@\nIn 1884, a memorial plaque was placed on the facade of the house in memory of Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor: Here was a man; from here he set out on a great journey, To become a star, his light will shine forever. In 1912, the Pet\u0151fi memorial column was erected on the square in front of the building, but it was vandalised after the Romanian takeover, later converted into a Romanian military monument, and then it was taken from the town by the Romanians during their flight after the Second Vienna Award.@\nAfter the communist nationalisation in 1948, the G\u00f6r\u00f6g House first became a grain collection centre and then the property of the Romanian Army. For a time, the White Horse Restaurant (not to be confused with the White Horse Inn on Kossuth Street) was located in the basement.\n&\nwikipedia: G\u00f6r\u00f6g-h\u00e1z|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%B6r%C3%B6g-h%C3%A1z"},{"sightId":2331,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"S\u00e1ros utca 1","mapdata":"1|2711|2420","gps_lat":"46.5459066536","gps_long":"24.5650058392","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Bornemisza-haz-Marosvasarhely-1943","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=406","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_str_Targului_nr_1_(8).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures str Targului nr 1 (8)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/RO_Targu_Mures_str_Targului_nr_1_%288%29.jpg\/512px-RO_Targu_Mures_str_Targului_nr_1_%288%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_str_Targului_nr_1_(8).jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"House of Csiki M\u00e1rton, Bornemissza House","seolink":"house-of-csiki-marton-bornemissza-house","note":"","history":"The ground floor of the house of the Armenian merchant Csiki M\u00e1rton (c.1750 - 1828) was completed in 1803, the upper floor around 1811. The merchant's father, also Cs\u00edki M\u00e1rton, came to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely from Erzs\u00e9betv\u00e1ros in the 1750s. His son was already one of the wealthiest citizens of the town. In 1862, his sons M\u00e1rton and Gergely were the largest private landowners in the town. At the beginning of the 20th century, the building was bought by the Swiss-born engineer Pontet S\u00e1ndor. After the Second World War, it was used as a shoe factory until the early 21st century, and the interior was significantly modified. "},{"sightId":2332,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Kendeffy","address":"Bolyai u. 14.","mapdata":"1|2728|3038","gps_lat":"46.5423331606","gps_long":"24.5652420464","religion":0,"oldtype":"50,17","newtype":"17","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Kendeffy-palota--Kiralyi-Tabla--Marosvasarhely-1352","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=174","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(34).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.12 (34)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2834%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2834%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(34).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Kendeffy Palace, Tabula Regia","seolink":"kendeffy-palace-tabula-regia","note":"","history":"In 1789, the building was completed by Count Kendeffy Elek's widow, Bethlen Krisztina. It was built in the late Baroque-neoclassical style. On 1 June 1826, his son Kendeffy \u00c1d\u00e1m exchanged it for the two main square houses owned by the Tabula Regia of Transylvania. It was then remodelled for the institution according to the plans of S\u00f3falvi J\u00f3zsef. It was the seat of the royal court of justice until 1849, but has been used by the legal authorities ever since. The new court and prison building was erected in its back yard.\n&\nwikipedia: Kendeffy-h\u00e1z (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kendeffy-h%C3%A1z_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2333,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Revolu\u021biei 45","mapdata":"1|2684|1639","gps_lat":"46.5504790888","gps_long":"24.5648602723","religion":0,"oldtype":"53,74","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=404","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Str_Revolutiei_nr_45.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Str Revolutiei nr 45\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/RO_MS_Str_Revolutiei_nr_45.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Str_Revolutiei_nr_45.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Str_Revolutiei_nr_45.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Makari\u00e1s House","seolink":"makarias-house","note":"","history":"In 1773 the future Emperor Joseph II was accommodated here, as it was the most suitable building in the town. Makari\u00e1s Walles J\u00e1nos appeared in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely in the 1750s as a tenant of the right to brew Beer. In 1760 he took the oath of citizenship and was elected a member of the Council of Jurors. In 1778 he became mayor of the town. He also traded in cattle, horses and timber. He died in 1784, leaving a considerable fortune. He began building the house with his first wife, Anna-Maria Zeidler, whose good business sense was a key factor in the accumulation of his fortune. She died in 1765 and the building was not fully completed until the early 1770s. It was bought by Teleki J\u00f3zsef in 1813. In the 1850s, it became the property of Engel J\u00f3zsef, a doctor, who renovated the building and gave it a new look. In 1864, the Reformed parish bought it from him and had it converted into a girls' grammar school, which operated for three decades. On 24 June 1896 it almost burned down, by which time the school was no longer in operation. The parish had it rebuilt in the neo-Baroque style later that year, according to the plans of Flesch Adolf, and it was then that it acquired its present appearance.\n&\nwikipedia: Makari\u00e1s Walles-h\u00e1z|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makari%C3%A1s_Walles-h%C3%A1z"},{"sightId":2334,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Marosi Reform\u00e1tus Egyh\u00e1zmegye","address":"Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy t\u00e9r 3-5","mapdata":"1|2700|2311","gps_lat":"46.5465153376","gps_long":"24.5649473541","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"7","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Teleki-Domokos-palotaja-Marosvasarhely-1385","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=230","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/31\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(1).jpg\u0022\u003EElekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Palace of Teleki Domokos, Reformed Diocese of Maros","seolink":"palace-of-teleki-domokos-reformed-diocese-of-maros","note":"","history":"The palace was built between 1801 and 1802 in the Baroque style by Teleki Domonkos, who was for a long time the isp\u00e1n of Torda County. This house was the headquarters of General Bem J\u00f3zsef in January 1849. After the defeat of the Hungarian War of Independence, the first Austrian Imperial District Commissioner, the cavalry captain Eperjesi J\u00f3zsef, lived here. Since 1935 it has been owned by the Reformed Church, which renovated it between 1986 and 1987. In front of the building is a statue of Mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy, erected in 1994."},{"sightId":2335,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219ilor, Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor","mapdata":"1|2447|2312","gps_lat":"46.5465139124","gps_long":"24.5628601605","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Labashaz-Marosvasarhely-1958","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Casa_cu_Arcade_3.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Casa cu Arcade 3\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0d\/RO_MS_Casa_cu_Arcade_3.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Casa_cu_Arcade_3.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Casa_cu_Arcade_3.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Arcade House, Former Catholic School","seolink":"arcade-house-former-catholic-school","note":"","history":"At the beginning of the 18th century, the Catholic Church bought the two-storey corner house for a school, with an open arcade running along the ground floor on the street side. A new part was then built with a similar arcades (legs), providing boarding accommodation and a canteen for the poor pupils. In 1873 the roof burnt down and the upper floor was rendered unusable. During the renovation, another floor was added to the building. At that time, the ground floor arcade was walled in and shops were built. In 1908, the new Roman Catholic grammar school was built, and then apartments were created on the upper floors. The arcade was also restored during the restoration of the building in 1980."},{"sightId":2336,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Revolu\u0163iei 13","mapdata":"1|2583|2130","gps_lat":"46.5476141554","gps_long":"24.5639682483","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Holbach-haz-Marosvasarhely-1972","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Holbach House","seolink":"holbach-house","note":"","history":"The house was once owned by the Holbach merchant family."},{"sightId":2337,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u0163a Trandafirilor 52","mapdata":"1|2430|2565","gps_lat":"46.5450661686","gps_long":"24.5626446788","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Gaspar-haz-Marosvasarhely-1970","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(17).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11 (17)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b1\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2817%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2817%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(17).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"G\u00e1sp\u00e1r House","seolink":"gaspar-house","note":"","history":"The house was built in the mid-19th century in the late Baroque-eclectic style. In the 1970s, the alleyway called Little Street, which used to connect the market square with the Upper Town, was removed to extend the facade."},{"sightId":2338,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015filor 52 (egykori Kossuth utca)","mapdata":"1|1992|2073","gps_lat":"46.5479238539","gps_long":"24.5588321453","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Csiszar-Adam-haza-Marosvasarhely-1969","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"House of Csisz\u00e1r \u00c1d\u00e1m","seolink":"house-of-csiszar-adam","note":"","history":"The house was built in the early 19th century in the Baroque style by an unknown builder. At the beginning of the 20th century it became the property of the Csisz\u00e1r family, the old furrier family. Csisz\u00e1r \u00c1d\u00e1m Sr. expanded the street facade with a gateway. On the ground floor was his workshop, founded in 1656."},{"sightId":2339,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"K\u00f6teles S\u00e1muel utca 5.","mapdata":"1|2418|2899","gps_lat":"46.5430930800","gps_long":"24.5625385919","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Tanari-lakas--a-Bolyai-haz-helyen--Marosvasarhely-1968","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Teacher's House on the site of the Bolyai House","seolink":"teachers-house-on-the-site-of-the-bolyai-house","note":"","history":"In 1804, the Reformed College of the town offered the post of teacher of mathematics to the famous scientist Bolyai Farkas, which included an apartment. In 1806, the college built a new house for Bolyai on the site of the old house, where Bolyai not only lived but also taught his outstanding students until his death in 1856. His son Bolyai J\u00e1nos, the famous mathematician, also lived here. The building had to be demolished in 1901 and was replaced by the present eclectic residential building, which was used as a teacher's residence. A plaque on the wall of the house commemorates Bolyai Farkas and J\u00e1nos. "},{"sightId":2340,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Bart\u00f3k B\u00e9la 1","mapdata":"1|2174|2646","gps_lat":"46.5445987284","gps_long":"24.5604609953","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Bissingen-haz-Marosvasarhely-1967","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Casa_Bissingen_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Casa Bissingen 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cc\/RO_MS_Casa_Bissingen_2.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Casa_Bissingen_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Casa_Bissingen_2.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bissinger House","seolink":"bissinger-house","note":"","history":"The house was built in the early 18th century in the Baroque style. In the 19th century it was given an eclectic look. On the ground floor was the richly furnished Corso Caf\u00e9. It was nationalised after 1945."},{"sightId":2341,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u0163a Trandafirilor","mapdata":"1|2147|2664","gps_lat":"46.5444828291","gps_long":"24.5602612398","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Henter-haz-Marosvasarhely-1971","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Henter House","seolink":"henter-house","note":"","history":"The house was built in the second half of the 17th century or early 18th century in the Baroque style. In the 80s of the 18th century it was owned by the Bethlen family, but in 1805 it was already mentioned as Tholdalagi or Henter House."},{"sightId":2342,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Revolu\u0163iei 14 (egykori Szent Gy\u00f6rgy utca)","mapdata":"1|2665|1961","gps_lat":"46.5486780883","gps_long":"24.5646522401","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Jenei-haz-Marosvasarhely-1973","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Jenei House","seolink":"jenei-house","note":"","history":"The house was built in the second half of the 19th century in an eclectic style, the builder is unknown. It came from the Hints family to the Jenei family, who owned land in Mez\u0151cs\u00e1v\u00e1s, and was nationalized from them after 1945."},{"sightId":2343,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Casa K\u00e1rn\u00e1sz","address":"Pet\u0151fi t\u00e9r 1.","mapdata":"1|2615|2339","gps_lat":"46.5463684989","gps_long":"24.5642046890","religion":0,"oldtype":"53,83","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Karnasz-haz-Marosvasarhely-1951","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Petofi_Sandor_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures Piata Petofi Sandor 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/40\/RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Petofi_Sandor_2.jpg\/512px-RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Petofi_Sandor_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Piata_Petofi_Sandor_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"K\u00e1rn\u00e1sz House","seolink":"karnasz-house","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1824 by the wealthy Petr\u00e1sk\u00f3 family of merchants in the neoclassical style for residential and commercial use. It was later bought by the B\u00edr\u00f3 and later the Gajz\u00e1g\u00f3 families. The last known owner was Mrs K\u00e1rn\u00e1sz, a daughter of the Gajz\u00e1g\u00f3 family. It is of outstanding value mainly because of the wall paintings in it."},{"sightId":2344,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u0163a Trandafirilor 54","mapdata":"1|2453|2548","gps_lat":"46.5451562537","gps_long":"24.5627804479","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Dudutz-haz-Marosvasarhely-1862","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(18).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11 (18)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2818%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2818%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(18).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Dudutz House","seolink":"dudutz-house","note":"","history":"The house was built in the second half of the 18th century in Baroque style. The Tabula Regia, the supreme court of Transylvania, was located for a time on its upper floor. It was originally owned by the Bucher family, and later the wealthy Dudutz merchant family acquire the building by marriage, who ran a grocery shop on the ground floor under the name of Black Dog. In 1970 part of the rear wings of the house collapsed. Then a market hall was built in the courtyard."},{"sightId":2345,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pet\u0151fi t\u00e9r, Bern\u00e1dy t\u00e9r","mapdata":"1|2720|2391","gps_lat":"46.5460992029","gps_long":"24.5651316425","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Haller-haz-Marosvasarhely-1945","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(51).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11 (51)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2851%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%2851%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(51).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Haller House","seolink":"haller-house","note":"","history":"The house was built at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries by the wealthy Transylvanian landowner Haller family in Baroque style for winter accommodation. It was once the venue for sumptuous receptions and balls."},{"sightId":2346,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bolyai utca 12.","mapdata":"1|2515|2877","gps_lat":"46.5433280712","gps_long":"24.5634239339","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"75","homepage":"https:\/\/www.szini.ro\/hu\/fooldal","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Tolnai-haz-Marosvasarhely-1798","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_12.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Str Bolyai nr 12\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_12.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_12.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Str_Bolyai_nr_12.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Tolnai House, P\u00e1lffy House, University of Arts","seolink":"tolnai-house-palffy-house-university-of-arts","note":"","history":"The Baroque town house was built in the 17th century by Tolnai J\u00e1nos, the judge of the town and landowner of Folyfalva. From 1885 it was owned by the P\u00e1lffy family. It was nationalised after 1945. Today it houses the Faculty of Music of the University of Theatre Arts."},{"sightId":2347,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 43","mapdata":"1|2220|2754","gps_lat":"46.5439856033","gps_long":"24.5608351624","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_P-ta_Trandafirilor_(N-E)_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures P-ta Trandafirilor (N-E) (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9b\/Tg.Mures_P-ta_Trandafirilor_%28N-E%29_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Tg.Mures_P-ta_Trandafirilor_%28N-E%29_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_P-ta_Trandafirilor_(N-E)_(1).jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Faigenbaum House","seolink":"faigenbaum-house","note":"","history":"The Faigenbaum family house was built between 1906 and 1907 in Art Nouveau style, based on the plans of architect Keleti B\u00e9la. For a time it was also the police station. When it was renovated in 1959, the facade was stripped of its original decoration."},{"sightId":2348,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 44","mapdata":"1|2245|2731","gps_lat":"46.5441106335","gps_long":"24.5610380138","religion":0,"oldtype":"80,81","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(9).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11 (9)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%289%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%289%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(9).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 House","seolink":"laszlo-house","note":"","history":"The house was built in the early 20th century as a hotel and caf\u00e9. The New York and later Mure\u0219ul restaurants were located here.\n&\nwikipedia: R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%B3zs%C3%A1k_tere_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2349,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Hotel Concordia","address":"Piata Trandafirilor 45","mapdata":"1|2280|2701","gps_lat":"46.5442452807","gps_long":"24.5613477148","religion":0,"oldtype":"50,16","newtype":"80","homepage":"https:\/\/www.hotelconcordia.ro\/ro","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(9).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely (9)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%289%29.jpg\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%289%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(9).jpg\u0022\u003EElekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Papp Palace","seolink":"papp-palace","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1898 by the merchant Papp Zsigmond in an ornate neoclassical style. In 1918 it became the property of the B\u00e1nyai family, and is therefore also known as the B\u00e1nyai Palace. In the 1930s it was the seat of the National Hungarian Party (the political party of the Hungarian minority in Rom\u00e1nia). Between 1948 and 1954 it housed a trade school, now it hosts a hotel (Concordia), offices and shops.\n&\nwikipedia: R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%B3zs%C3%A1k_tere_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2350,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 55","mapdata":"1|2473|2532","gps_lat":"46.5452564486","gps_long":"24.5629534592","religion":0,"oldtype":"72, 53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Steibel House","seolink":"steibel-house","note":"","history":"The Golden Deer pharmacy was opened here in 1782, which was run by Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy at the end of the 19th century. The pharmacy still exists today (although it has changed its name several times), and its furnishings retain the Bern\u00e1dy-era appearance.\n&\nwikipedia: R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%B3zs%C3%A1k_tere_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2351,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 26","mapdata":"1|2032|2759","gps_lat":"46.5439090961","gps_long":"24.5591952582","religion":0,"oldtype":"84","newtype":"84","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Agrarian_Savings_Bank.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Agrarian Savings Bank\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/RO_MS_Agrarian_Savings_Bank.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Agrarian_Savings_Bank.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Agrarian_Savings_Bank.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Agricultural Savings Bank","seolink":"former-agricultural-savings-bank","note":"","history":"It was built in 1903 as the first bank building in the town. \n&\nwikipedia: R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%B3zs%C3%A1k_tere_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2352,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor 18","mapdata":"1|2200|2629","gps_lat":"46.5446833090","gps_long":"24.5606564040","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Casa_V%C3%A1mos_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Casa V\u00e1mos 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/98\/RO_MS_Casa_V%C3%A1mos_1.jpg\/256px-RO_MS_Casa_V%C3%A1mos_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Casa_V%C3%A1mos_1.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"V\u00e1mos House","seolink":"vamos-house","note":"","history":"Art Nouveau building dating from 1910. Earlier, from the mid-16th century, the Rosnyay and later the Szab\u00f3 family mansion stood on this site.\n&\nwikipedia: R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere (Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%B3zs%C3%A1k_tere_(Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely)"},{"sightId":2353,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Sc\u0103rile R\u00e1k\u00f3czi","address":"","mapdata":"1|2704|2015","gps_lat":"46.5483002421","gps_long":"24.5649699094","religion":0,"oldtype":"27","newtype":"27","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Stairs","seolink":"rakoczi-stairs","note":"","history":"This 70-step staircase was built in 1902 and named the R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Staircase, because R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, leader of the Hungarian War of Independence, was inaugurated as the Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely on 5 April 1707. It was built by the architect So\u00f3s P\u00e1l."},{"sightId":2354,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Bolyai","mapdata":"1|2640|2890","gps_lat":"46.5431200098","gps_long":"24.5644980012","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/8920\/bolyaiak-szobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(28).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.12 (28)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/19\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2828%29.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2828%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(28).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Bolyai Farkas and J\u00e1nos","seolink":"statue-of-bolyai-farkas-and-janos","note":"","history":"In 1831, Bolyai J\u00e1nos created the non-Euclidean geometry in his work Appendix. Unfortunately for him, his premature discovery was not understood until much later. It was not until 1894 that a memorial column was erected on his unmarked grave, and then in 1911 he was reburied with great pomp next to his father, Bolyai Farkas. Although they were not born in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, the work of the Bolyai family is closely linked to the town: Bolyai Farkas was a teacher at the Reformed College, and Bolyai J\u00e1nos was a student at the college, one of the greatest figures of Hungarian science. The two-figure stone statue, the work of Izs\u00e1k M\u00e1rton and Csorv\u00e1ssy Istv\u00e1n, was unveiled in 1957 in Bolyai Square, in front of the Reformed Lyceum, on the 400th anniversary of the school's foundation, when it took the name of Bolyai Farkas."},{"sightId":2355,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Secuilor Martiri (Sz\u00e9kely m\u00e1rt\u00edrok \u00fatja)","mapdata":"1|4109|784","gps_lat":"46.5556565093","gps_long":"24.5770040851","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/15558\/szekely-vertanuk-emlekmuve","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Sie, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sz%C3%A9kelyv%C3%A9rtan%C3%BAk1.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sz\u00e9kelyv\u00e9rtan\u00fak1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Sz%C3%A9kelyv%C3%A9rtan%C3%BAk1.JPG\/512px-Sz%C3%A9kelyv%C3%A9rtan%C3%BAk1.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sz%C3%A9kelyv%C3%A9rtan%C3%BAk1.JPG\u0022\u003ESie\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Memorial to the Sz\u00e9kely Martyrs","seolink":"memorial-to-the-szekely-martyrs","note":"","history":"The monument commemorates the Sz\u00e9kely martyrs of the anti-Habsburg Makk conspiracy (Primor G\u00e1lfi Mih\u00e1ly of Martonos, T\u00f6r\u00f6k J\u00e1nos of B\u00e1gy, Horv\u00e1th K\u00e1roly of Nagyv\u00e1rad) executed in Maroev\u00e1s\u00e1rhely on 10 March 1854. The sculpture was commissioned to the sculptor Aradi Zsigmond on 10 August 1873 and unveiled on 27 June 1875. The obelisk, erected by public donation on the site of the execution, is a 6 metre high granite column with a reclining lion wounded by an arrow on its base holding the national flag between its front legs, and the Hungarian coat of arms on two crossed swords below. Since 1875, 15 March ceremonies and commemorations (Hungarian Revolution) have been held here. Since 2012, on the anniversary of the execution, the Day of Sz\u00e9kely Freedom has been celebrated at the monument. Miraculously, this Hungarian memorial was not torn down by the Romanian invaders in 1919."},{"sightId":2356,"townId":85,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Pta. Trandafirilor (R\u00f3zs\u00e1k tere)","mapdata":"1|2103|2777","gps_lat":"46.5438319112","gps_long":"24.5599212281","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Kulja~rowiki, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bethlen_Gabor_szobor_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Bethlen Gabor szobor Marosvasarhely\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Bethlen_Gabor_szobor_Marosvasarhely.jpg\/256px-Bethlen_Gabor_szobor_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bethlen_Gabor_szobor_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003EKulja~rowiki\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania","seolink":"statue-of-prince-bethlen-gabor-of-transylvania","note":"","history":"The statue of Transylvania's greatest prince was erected in 2020."},{"sightId":2357,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Cet\u0103\u021bii (V\u00e1r \u00fat)","mapdata":"1|3081|2046","gps_lat":"46.5481634927","gps_long":"24.5682033084","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/15556\/korosi-csoma-sandor-szobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Dab\u00f3czi Mih\u00e1ly. Kulcs\u00e1r B\u00e9la szobr\u00e1szok; fot\u00f3: S\u00e1ntha Imre G\u00e9za, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:K%C5%91r%C3%B6si_Csoma_S%C3%A1ndor_szobra_Marosvasarhely_1962.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022K\u0151r\u00f6si Csoma S\u00e1ndor szobra Marosvasarhely 1962\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b9\/K%C5%91r%C3%B6si_Csoma_S%C3%A1ndor_szobra_Marosvasarhely_1962.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:K%C5%91r%C3%B6si_Csoma_S%C3%A1ndor_szobra_Marosvasarhely_1962.jpg\u0022\u003EDab\u00f3czi Mih\u00e1ly. Kulcs\u00e1r B\u00e9la szobr\u00e1szok; fot\u00f3: S\u00e1ntha Imre G\u00e9za\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of K\u0151r\u00f6si Csoma S\u00e1ndor","seolink":"statue-of-korosi-csoma-sandor","note":"","history":"K\u0151r\u00f6si Csoma S\u00e1ndor (1784-1842) was a famous Hungarian traveller, founder of Tibetology, creator of the Tibetan-English dictionary and grammar. During his travels to the East he also researched the origins of the Hungarians.@\nBetween 1940 and 1944, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely was again part of Hungary, and the Civil Boys' School (later Petru Maior University) took the name of philologist and orientalist K\u0151r\u00f6si Csoma S\u00e1ndor. In 1941, Dab\u00f3czi Mih\u00e1ly was asked to make a statue of K\u0151r\u00f6si, which would be erected near the school, at the southern wall of the castle (next to the Cooper's Bastion). The statue, the work of Dab\u00f3czy Mih\u00e1ly, was unveiled in September 1943. In 1944, the Romanians returning with the Red Plague knocked it down and broke off its head. In the 1950s, the Party Committee approved the restoration of the statue, giving in to the demands of Hungarian students, so Kulcs\u00e1r B\u00e9la restored the statue and in 1962 it was erected on the Castle Promenade, north-east of the castle."},{"sightId":2358,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Cet\u0103\u021bii (V\u00e1r \u00fat)","mapdata":"1|2788|1999","gps_lat":"46.5483907176","gps_long":"24.5656705687","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/10014\/ii-rakoczi-ferenc#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(10).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.12 (10)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2810%29.JPG\/256px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_%2810%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.12_(10).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bust of Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II","seolink":"bust-of-prince-rakoczi-ferenc-ii","note":"","history":"In 2004, a statue of the prince was erected at the western end of the Castle Promenade, near the R\u00e1k\u00f3czi stairs. It is the work of Pokorny Attila. There was an earlier statue in the town, on the site of the current Pet\u0151fi statue, which was destroyed by the Romanian invaders in 1919.@\nR\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, the leader of the Hungarian War of Independence was proclaimed Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and during the dualism (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) several public places bore R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's name. In 1907, on the 200th anniversary of his inauguration, a bust of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi was unveiled in a small park at the intersection of Kossuth Street and Arany J\u00e1nos Street (where the Pet\u0151fi statue now stands). It was the work of the sculptor Sz\u00e9kely K\u00e1roly from Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and was based on a depiction of the prince by M\u00e1nyoki \u00c1d\u00e1m. In 1919 the occupying Romanians removed this statue, along with the other Hungarian statues."},{"sightId":2359,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Arany J\u00e1nos","mapdata":"1|2013|2158","gps_lat":"46.5474484873","gps_long":"24.5591008152","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"123","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/12943\/ii-rakoczi-ferenc-szobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Destroyed Bust of Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II","seolink":"destroyed-bust-of-prince-rakoczi-ferenc-ii","note":"","history":"R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, the leader of the Hungarian War of Independence was proclaimed Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and during the dualism (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) several public places bore R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's name. In 1907, on the 200th anniversary of his inauguration, a bust of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi was unveiled in a small park at the intersection of Kossuth Street and Arany J\u00e1nos Street (where the Pet\u0151fi statue now stands). It was the work of the sculptor Sz\u00e9kely K\u00e1roly from Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, and was based on a depiction of the prince by M\u00e1nyoki \u00c1d\u00e1m. In 1919 the occupying Romanians removed this statue, along with the other Hungarian statues."},{"sightId":2360,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor (egykori Sz\u00e9chenyi t\u00e9r)","mapdata":"1|2365|2534","gps_lat":"46.5452089062","gps_long":"24.5620778683","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"123","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/13780\/bem-jozsef#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, Sz\u00e9chenyi-t\u00e9r, XIXth century, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sculpture_Bem_-_Marosvasarhely_-_Tirgu_Mures.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sculpture Bem - Marosvasarhely - Tirgu Mures\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e2\/Sculpture_Bem_-_Marosvasarhely_-_Tirgu_Mures.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sculpture_Bem_-_Marosvasarhely_-_Tirgu_Mures.jpeg\u0022\u003EMarosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, Sz\u00e9chenyi-t\u00e9r, XIXth century\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Destroyed Statue of General Bem J\u00f3zsef","seolink":"destroyed-statue-of-general-bem-jozsef","note":"","history":"The Polish Bem J\u00f3zsef was a prominent figure of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, commander-in-chief of the Transylvanian army. The statue of Bem used to stand on Sz\u00e9chenyi Square in the centre of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, but on 28 March 1919 the occupying Romanians knocked it down, damaged it and removed it along with the other Hungarian statues. In 1928, the Romanian authorities claimed that the statue had been handed over to Poland, but it later turned out that it never arrived in Poland.@\nAt the National Defence Assembly held in Budapest on 20-21 August 1868, the proposal to erect a statue in honour of General Bem in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely was adopted. The competition was won by the sculptor Husz\u00e1r Adolf. The pedestal was made of marble from Ditr\u00f3 by Szelecki Lajos.@\nThe three-metre bronze statue was unveiled on 17 October 1880. Polish delegates were invited to the occasion, arriving by train and receiving an official salute at the station. A collection was organised for the two sisters of Bem J\u00f3zsef."},{"sightId":2361,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor (egykori Sz\u00e9chenyi t\u00e9r)","mapdata":"1|2483|2418","gps_lat":"46.5459123750","gps_long":"24.5630456181","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"123","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/13781\/kossuth-lajos","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kossuth_mv.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Kossuth mv\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/29\/Kossuth_mv.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kossuth_mv.jpeg\u0022\u003EUnknown authorUnknown author\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Destroyed Statue of Kossuth Lajos","seolink":"destroyed-statue-of-kossuth-lajos","note":"","history":"The 3.2 metre high bronze statue of Kossuth Lajos was unveiled in 1899. He was the political leader of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence. The work by K\u00f6ll\u0151 Mikl\u00f3s stood in the upper part of the main square, between the St John the Baptist Parish and the Apollo Palace.@\nKossuth Lajos has always been respected by the people of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely: he was elected the town's first honorary citizen, a street was named after him, and his life-size painting adorned the assembly hall. After his death, in the spring of 1894, a committee was set up to erect a statue of Kossuth on the main square. The bronze statue, standing on a granite base and measuring 3.2 metres in height, was made by K\u00f6ll\u0151 Mikl\u00f3s and unveiled in 1899 in front of the Catholic parish, near the music fountain.@\nIn 1919, it suffered a fate similar to that of the Bem statue: the Romanians knocked it down and took it away. The bronze was later cast into eagle figures to decorate Romanian military monuments. The shattered pedestal was thrown into the Maros River below the dam, where it was still visible at low water levels at the end of the 20th century. The Romanians built their new Orthodox cathedral on the site of the statue."},{"sightId":2362,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bern\u00e1dy t\u00e9r 2.","mapdata":"1|2709|2338","gps_lat":"46.5464219366","gps_long":"24.5649786331","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/9676\/bernady-gyorgy","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bern%C3%A1dy_Gy%C3%B6rgy_h%C3%A1za,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(2).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy h\u00e1za, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely - 2013.07.11 (2)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Bern%C3%A1dy_Gy%C3%B6rgy_h%C3%A1za%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%282%29.JPG\/256px-Bern%C3%A1dy_Gy%C3%B6rgy_h%C3%A1za%2C_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_%282%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bern%C3%A1dy_Gy%C3%B6rgy_h%C3%A1za,_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_-_2013.07.11_(2).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy","seolink":"statue-of-mayor-bernady-gyorgy","note":"","history":"The statue of Mayor Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy was unveiled in front of the Teleki House in 1994. Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely became a modern city during his mayoralty in the early 20th century. The bronze sculpture was made by Bocskai Vince, a sculptor from Szov\u00e1ta."},{"sightId":2363,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Str C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015filor (egykori Kossuth \u00fat), Str Arany J\u00e1nos","mapdata":"1|1986|2141","gps_lat":"46.5475374636","gps_long":"24.5588320497","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/10008\/petofi-sandor","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(3).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely (3)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%283%29.jpg\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_%283%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_(3).jpg\u0022\u003EElekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor ","seolink":"statue-of-petofi-sandor","note":"","history":"Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor was the poet of the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. The bronze statue of Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor, the work of Hunyadi L\u00e1szl\u00f3, was unveiled in December 2000 in a small park at the intersection of Kossuth Lajos and Arany J\u00e1nos streets. A bust of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II once stood on this site, which was torn down by the occupying Romanians in 1919."},{"sightId":2364,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Trandafirilor (egykori Sz\u00e9chenyi t\u00e9r)","mapdata":"1|2578|2368","gps_lat":"46.5462594864","gps_long":"24.5639295366","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"123","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/23444\/petofi-emlek#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Destroyed Memorial to Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor","seolink":"destroyed-memorial-to-petofi-sandor","note":"","history":"Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor was the poet of the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. The monument was erected at the initiative of Mayor Dr. Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy, with donations from large contractors working in the city, at the end of November 1912, in front of the St. John the Baptist Parish and the Savings Bank (former G\u00f6r\u00f6g House). On the tall stone obelisk, a bronze plaque by the Budapest sculptor Kall\u00f3s Ede depicted the figure of Pet\u0151fi among the figures of General Bem J\u00f3zsef and the muse, striking his sword as he marched off to battle. In 1913 the city council planned to place a Turul bird on top of the monument. The statue was cast in bronze in Budapest and part of the cost was paid for, but the First World War thwarted the project. Its inscription commemorated Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor's stay in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely: 'The sadly glorious memory that the poet set out from the capital of Sz\u00e9kelyland on his last journey to die for freedom'.@\nIn 1919, the occupying Romanians removed the bronze plaque, and in 1923, a statue of a Romanian soldier by the Bucharest sculptor Ion Schmidt-Faur was placed on the obelisk pedestal. The new military monument disappeared in 1940, and there is conflicting information about its fate - some sources say it was dismantled, others that it was removed by the departing Romanian invaders."},{"sightId":2365,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Aurel Filimon","mapdata":"1|2045|2302","gps_lat":"46.5466216678","gps_long":"24.5593526944","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/15709\/aranka-gyorgy-szobra","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Statue of Aranka Gy\u00f6rgy","seolink":"statue-of-aranka-gyorgy","note":"","history":"The statue of Aranka Gy\u00f6rgy (1737-1817), 18th century writer and cultural organiser, was erected in 2008. Its creator is Gyarmathy J\u00e1nos; the stone blocks of the pedestal are decorated with copperplates of the accented and double letters of the Hungarian alphabet. Aranka founded the Transylvanian Hungarian Language Society and became its secretary. In several of his works he warned of the need to cultivate the Hungarian language."},{"sightId":2366,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|2613|2420","gps_lat":"46.5459166732","gps_long":"24.5641528231","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/15554\/marton-aron-mellszobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron","seolink":"bust-of-bishop-marton-aron","note":"In the backyard of the St. John the Baptist parish church.","history":"M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron was a Transylvanian Catholic bishop persecured by the communists. In 2000, a bust made by Izs\u00e1k M\u00e1rton was unveiled in the courtyard behind the parish church of St John the Baptist in the town centre, in a small green area in front of the Deus Providebit community centre."},{"sightId":2367,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Bart\u00f3k B\u00e9la","mapdata":"1|2010|2458","gps_lat":"46.5456834043","gps_long":"24.5590557066","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/15564\/bartok-bela-mellszobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Kulja, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bartok_Bela_(1981),_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Bartok Bela (1981), Marosvasarhely\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Bartok_Bela_%281981%29%2C_Marosvasarhely.jpg\/256px-Bartok_Bela_%281981%29%2C_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bartok_Bela_(1981),_Marosvasarhely.jpg\u0022\u003EKulja\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bust of Bart\u00f3k B\u00e9la","seolink":"bust-of-bartok-bela","note":"","history":"In 1981, Bart\u00f3k B\u00e9la was commemorated on the 100th anniversary of the composer's birth. It was created by Izs\u00e1k M\u00e1rton. The Hungarian composer gave concerts in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely in 1912 and 1922."},{"sightId":2368,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Avram Iancu","mapdata":"1|2765|2166","gps_lat":"46.5473903009","gps_long":"24.5655187513","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/10580\/borsos-tamas","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Losy, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Targu_Mures_01.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetatea Targu Mures 01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Cetatea_Targu_Mures_01.JPG\/512px-Cetatea_Targu_Mures_01.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Targu_Mures_01.JPG\u0022\u003ELosy\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bust of Town Judge Borsos Tam\u00e1s","seolink":"bust-of-town-judge-borsos-tamas","note":"","history":"Borsos Tam\u00e1s (1566-1634) was the town judge of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely from 1599 to 1604, and in this capacity he initiated the construction of the castle in 1602. The bronze bust commemorates the builder of the castle in front of the western wall of the castle. The Latin inscription on the stone arch reads: In memoriam aedificatoris arcis (In memory of the builder of the fortress). It was made by Kiss Levente and unveiled in June 2000."},{"sightId":2369,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy","mapdata":"1|2972|2371","gps_lat":"46.5462110265","gps_long":"24.5672845816","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Wikizoli, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:V%C3%A1lyi_Gyula_szobra_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyen.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022V\u00e1lyi Gyula szobra Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyen\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/31\/V%C3%A1lyi_Gyula_szobra_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyen.jpg\/256px-V%C3%A1lyi_Gyula_szobra_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyen.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:V%C3%A1lyi_Gyula_szobra_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyen.jpg\u0022\u003EWikizoli\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Memorial to V\u00e1lyi Gyula","seolink":"memorial-to-valyi-gyula","note":"","history":"V\u00e1lyi Gyula (1855-1913) mathematician, university professor. His father, V\u00e1lyi K\u00e1roly, was a judge of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and curator of the local Reformed parish, and his mother, D\u00f3sa R\u00e1chel, was the daughter of D\u00f3sa Gergely, the first law professor of the Reformed College of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely. His memorial was unveiled in 2012, next to the southern wall of the castle. It was made by Miholcsa J\u00f3zsef."},{"sightId":2370,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|2821|2341","gps_lat":"46.5464007108","gps_long":"24.5659959002","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/38418\/kalvin-janos-mellszobra","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of John Calvin","seolink":"bust-of-john-calvin","note":"Next to the entrance of the Calvinist castle church.","history":"In 2017, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, the busts of John Calvin and K\u00e1roli G\u00e1sp\u00e1r were unveiled at the entrance to the Castle Church (the works of P\u00e9terfy L\u00e1szl\u00f3 and De\u00e1k \u00c1rp\u00e1d, respectively)."},{"sightId":2371,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|2808|2310","gps_lat":"46.5465232291","gps_long":"24.5659425317","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/38374\/karoli-gaspar-mellszobra","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of K\u00e1roli G\u00e1sp\u00e1r","seolink":"bust-of-karoli-gaspar","note":"Next to the entrance of the Calvinist castle church.","history":"Reformed pastor K\u00e1roli G\u00e1sp\u00e1r (1529-1592) was the author of the first complete translation of the Bible into Hungarian. He started translating the Bible in 1586. The printing of the K\u00e1roli Bible began on 18 February 1589 and was completed in Vizsoly on 20 July 1590.@\nIn 2017, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, the busts of John Calvin and K\u00e1roli G\u00e1sp\u00e1r were unveiled at the entrance to the Castle Church (the works of P\u00e9terfy L\u00e1szl\u00f3 and De\u00e1k \u00c1rp\u00e1d, respectively)."},{"sightId":2372,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"R\u00f3mai katolikus temet\u0151","mapdata":"1|3397|2613","gps_lat":"46.5447689995","gps_long":"24.5708852327","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/21062\/a-don-kanyar-aldozatainak-emlekmuve#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Memorial to the Heroes of the Battle on the Don River","seolink":"memorial-to-the-heroes-of-the-battle-on-the-don-river","note":"Behind the gate to the Roman Catholic cemetery.","history":"Erected on 29 May 2005 in memory of the 100-120 thousand Hungarians who died fighting against the Soviet Union in the Don Bend in 1942-1943, the work of sculptor Bocskai Vince."},{"sightId":2373,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Str. Marinescu Gheorghe","mapdata":"1|3981|1303","gps_lat":"46.5525290006","gps_long":"24.5759835611","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/15658\/volt-politikai-foglyok-emlekmuve#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Memorial to the Victims of the Soviet Terror","seolink":"memorial-to-the-victims-of-the-soviet-terror","note":"","history":"Erected in 2004, the work of Ioan Vasile Grama."},{"sightId":2374,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Victoriei","mapdata":"1|1868|2944","gps_lat":"46.5428230273","gps_long":"24.5578243622","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Taz666, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_01.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely 01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e2\/Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_01.JPG\/512px-Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_01.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_01.JPG\u0022\u003ETaz666\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Replica of the Capitoline Wolf","seolink":"replica-of-the-capitoline-wolf","note":"","history":"After the First World War, Italy donated five copies of the statue of the Capitoline Wolf to Romania, in recognition of the Romanians' supposed Latin origin. The Romanians erected them in the Hungarian majority cities of the freshly conquered Transylvania. One of the bronze statues was erected in 1924 in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, in the park in front of the Palace of Public Administration (former Town Hall).@ \nIronically, in 1940, the Hungarian city was returned to Hungary through the diplomatic intervention of Italy (Second Vienna Award), which was keen to revive the Roman Empire.@\nThe leaving Vlach invaders transported the statue to Torda, where it still stands today. In 1991, the Romanian occupiers of the city made a replica and re-installed it in front of the Palace of Public Administration."},{"sightId":2375,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Teatrului (egykori Sz\u00e9chenyi t\u00e9r)","mapdata":"1|2407|2493","gps_lat":"46.5455140186","gps_long":"24.5625055676","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Krzysztof Dudzik (User:ToSter), CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Targu_Mures,_Mihai_Viteazul_statue.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Targu Mures, Mihai Viteazul statue\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Targu_Mures%2C_Mihai_Viteazul_statue.jpg\/512px-Targu_Mures%2C_Mihai_Viteazul_statue.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Targu_Mures,_Mihai_Viteazul_statue.jpg\u0022\u003EKrzysztof Dudzik (User:ToSter)\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Equestrian Statue of Avram Iancu","seolink":"equestrian-statue-of-avram-iancu","note":"","history":"Avram Iancu began his activities in 1848 in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and became the military leader of the Vlach rebels, who murdered thousands of innocent Hungarian civilians in a bestial manner, depopulating entire villages, taking advantage of the fact that the Hungarian soldiers were busy liberating Transylvania from Austrian rule.@\nThe first double life-size bronze statue of the Vlach mass murderer was created by Ion Dimitriu-B\u00e2rlad after the Romanian occupation of Transylvania, and was unveiled in 1930 in a provocative manner at the south-western end of the main square of the Hungarian-inhabited town. After the Second Vienna Award, the leaving invaders moved it to Top\u00e1nfalva, where it still stands today. Unfortunately Romanian authorities returned to Transylvania with the Red Plague, and in 1978 a new stone statue of Iancu was erected in the Main Square (the creation of Bucharest sculptor Florin Codre), this time in the north-eastern part of the square, in front of the Orthodox Cathedral. The choice of location is ideal, as during the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Orthodox priests were also inciting the Vlach mob to exterminate the Hungarians. The site was previously occupied by a fountain decorated with statues of peace."},{"sightId":2376,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Bustul lui Al. Papiu Ilarian","address":"Pia\u021ba Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy","mapdata":"1|3088|2377","gps_lat":"46.5462270775","gps_long":"24.5683154478","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Papiu Ilarian","seolink":"bust-of-papiu-ilarian","note":"","history":"Alexandru Papiu Ilarian was also the leader of the Vlach mob that wiped out entire Hungarian villages in 1848-49. \nDuring the 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence Vlach rebels led by Avram Iancu murdered thousands of innocent Hungarian civilians in a bestial manner, depopulating entire villages, taking advantage of the fact that the Hungarian military was busy liberating Transylvania from Austrian rule.\nAfter the Romanian invasion, in 1919, the school named after Papiu was founded, which of course was housed in the stolen building of a former Hungarian school, the girls' grammar school. A bust of Papiu, by Ion Schmidt-Faur, was unveiled in front of the school building in December 1930. Following the Second Vienna Award, the statue was taken by the leaving Romanian invaders to Nagyenyed, where, in January 1849, the Vlach mob massacred a thousand Hungarian civilians in a particularly inhuman manner and froze to death another thousand fleeing the barbarians. Unfortunately the Romanian authorities returned to Transylvania with the Red Plague, and the bust was brought back to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely in 1957."},{"sightId":2377,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Victoriei","mapdata":"1|1835|3093","gps_lat":"46.5419994307","gps_long":"24.5575500841","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mariagat, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Statuia_Emil_Dandea,_in_fata_Bisericii_Buna_Vestire.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Statuia Emil Dandea, in fata Bisericii Buna Vestire\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Statuia_Emil_Dandea%2C_in_fata_Bisericii_Buna_Vestire.jpg\/256px-Statuia_Emil_Dandea%2C_in_fata_Bisericii_Buna_Vestire.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Statuia_Emil_Dandea,_in_fata_Bisericii_Buna_Vestire.jpg\u0022\u003EMariagat\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Emil Dandea","seolink":"statue-of-emil-dandea","note":"","history":"After the Romanian invasion in 1918, the mayor of the almost entirely Hungarian town had to be Romanian, and he was called Dandea. He started to change the character of the town, which managed to preserve its Hungarian majority until the 1990s. The statue made by Anton Ra\u021biu was unveiled in 1996."},{"sightId":2378,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada, Pia\u021ba Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy","mapdata":"1|3108|2319","gps_lat":"46.5465228974","gps_long":"24.5684303895","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Petru Maior","seolink":"bust-of-petru-maior","note":"","history":"Statue of Petru Maior, historian and national movement leader. In 2001, it was unveiled in front of the university building named after him, the building of the former Civil School for Boys, which was stolen by the Romanian invaders. Sculpted by Florin Strejac."},{"sightId":2379,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy","mapdata":"1|2816|2412","gps_lat":"46.5459896157","gps_long":"24.5659296815","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Mihai Viteazul","seolink":"bust-of-mihai-viteazul","note":"","history":"Mihai Viteazul was Voivode of Wallachia who raided and pillaged Transylvania murdering thousand of Hungarians and Saxons between 1599-1600. The Romanian falsification of history claims him to be the first great unifier, but in fact he unified nothing, he usurped power in Transylvania for a time as a governor of the Habsburg emperor, which he used for his activities mentioned above, and was therefore banished. It was he who desecrated and plundered the tombs of Hunyadi J\u00e1nos and the Szapolyai dynasty in the cathedral of Gyulafeherv\u00e1r. His statue was donated to Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely by the Prahova County Council in 2003 and moved to its current location in 2007, on Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy Square."},{"sightId":2380,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Nicolae Grigorescu","mapdata":"1|3839|1363","gps_lat":"46.5520905673","gps_long":"24.5747767750","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Grigore Vieru","seolink":"bust-of-grigore-vieru","note":"","history":"A statue of the Moldavian poet, who strengthened the national consciousness of Moldovan Romanians, was erected in 2013 in front of the Eminescu Youth House. Created by Romi Adam."},{"sightId":2381,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Aurel Filimon","mapdata":"1|1953|2405","gps_lat":"46.5460124130","gps_long":"24.5585652153","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Aurel Filimon","seolink":"bust-of-aurel-filimon","note":"","history":"The bronze bust of the ethnographer and museum director was unveiled in 2014 in the street named after him."},{"sightId":2515,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Voinicenilor 47","mapdata":"1|733|118","gps_lat":"46.5595385790","gps_long":"24.5481375609","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Sie, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Szabadi_%C3%BAti_reform%C3%A1tus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Szabadi \u00fati reform\u00e1tus templom\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Szabadi_%C3%BAti_reform%C3%A1tus_templom.JPG\/512px-Szabadi_%C3%BAti_reform%C3%A1tus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Szabadi_%C3%BAti_reform%C3%A1tus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003ESie\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Church in Szabadi Street","seolink":"calvinist-church-in-szabadi-street","note":"","history":"The district on the right bank of the Maros became known as Remeteszeg. The Sz\u00e9kelys who settled in the area were Roman Catholics until the second half of the 16th century. The population of Remeteszeg became mainly Vlach after the Reformation because of the Vlach serfs settled here by the L\u00e1z\u00e1r family. The first evidence of the emergence of Reformation in the district is the diocesan visitation report of 27 January 1609. Remeteszeg and H\u00eddv\u00e9g were administratively united with Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely in 1902. In the first decades of the 20th century, the Hungarian-speaking population on this banks of the Maros River, especially the Reformed, increased greatly. The consecration of the church and prayer house took place on 12 December 1937.\n&\ne-nepujsag.ro: A Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely IV. \u2013 Szabadi \u00dati Reform\u00e1tus Egyh\u00e1zk\u00f6zs\u00e9g t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|https:\/\/www.e-nepujsag.ro\/articles\/marosvasarhely-iv-%E2%80%93-szabadi-uti-reformatus-egyhazkozseg-tortenete"},{"sightId":2516,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Mihai Viteazul 15","mapdata":"1|3335|2210","gps_lat":"46.5472275962","gps_long":"24.5704282311","religion":1,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.rakoczi.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Whitepixels, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Unirea_school.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Unirea school\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/RO_MS_Unirea_school.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Unirea_school.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Unirea_school.jpg\u0022\u003EWhitepixels\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II Roman Catholic High School","seolink":"rakoczi-ferenc-ii-roman-catholic-high-school","note":"","history":"Following the Dominican monks who settled in the 13th century, the Franciscans arrived in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely in 1316. According to a record from 1525, the Franciscans also ran a monastic school. During the Reformation, a significant part of the town's population became Calvinist, and it was only with the activities of the Jesuit monks, who settled in 1702, that Catholic education was restored, under the leadership of Father Endes Istv\u00e1n.@\nFrom 1708, secondary education was also introduced.@\nThe plans of architect K\u0151r\u00f6si Albert-K\u00e1lm\u00e1n won the competition for the new school building, but after several changes of location, the school was built between 1903-1905 by the Transylvanian Roman Catholic State based on plans by P\u00e1pai S\u00e1ndor tailored to a more modest budget. The contractor was Csisz\u00e1r Lajos. A dormitory was added in 1908.@\nThe building complex on Klastrom Street, the R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II Roman Catholic Grammar School, was nationalised by the communist state in 1948. When the building complex was returned to the church in 2004, the Bolyai Farkas Theoretical Lyceum was the new home of Catholic education. The Catholic educational institution moved back to the building in 2015. From September 2018, the former dormitory building will be home to the re-launched R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II Roman Catholic Theological Lyceum, which will provide education at elementary, high school and lyceum level.\n&\nrakoczi.ro|http:\/\/www.rakoczi.ro\/tortenet.php"},{"sightId":2517,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Victoriei 34","mapdata":"1|1921|2993","gps_lat":"46.5425541102","gps_long":"24.5582633395","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_P-ta_Victoriei_nr.34.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures P-ta Victoriei nr.34\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8f\/Tg.Mures_P-ta_Victoriei_nr.34.jpg\/256px-Tg.Mures_P-ta_Victoriei_nr.34.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_P-ta_Victoriei_nr.34.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Kalgovits House","seolink":"kalgovits-house","note":"","history":"The house, built at the turn of the century, was designed by Rad\u00f3 S\u00e1ndor, and was previously decorated with enamelled ceramics from the Zsolnay factory in P\u00e9cs. It was built by the writer Kalgovits Gyula.\n&\nerdelyweb.hu|http:\/\/www.erdelyweb.hu\/mvhely\/hazak_7.htm"},{"sightId":2518,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Sinaia 3","mapdata":"1|1742|1461","gps_lat":"46.5514871301","gps_long":"24.5566892723","religion":0,"oldtype":"111","newtype":"121","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_str_Sinaia_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures str Sinaia (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3b\/RO_Targu_Mures_str_Sinaia_%281%29.jpg\/512px-RO_Targu_Mures_str_Sinaia_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_str_Sinaia_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former B\u00fcrger Brewery","seolink":"former-burger-brewery","note":"","history":"It was the factory of B\u00fcrger Albert, a Jewish capitalist and one of the richest and most influential men in the city."},{"sightId":2519,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"str. C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219ilor 106","mapdata":"1|1567|1511","gps_lat":"46.5512118813","gps_long":"24.5552528220","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Cocosul_de_Aur_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures Cocosul de Aur (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8f\/Tg.Mures_Cocosul_de_Aur_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Tg.Mures_Cocosul_de_Aur_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Cocosul_de_Aur_(1).jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"B\u00fcrger House, Golden Rooster Restaurant","seolink":"burger-house-golden-rooster-restaurant","note":"","history":"On the site of the B\u00fcrger House, on the corner of Kossuth Street (today Str. C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219ilor) and Beer House Street (today Str. Sinaia), there was an inn addressed to the Two Pistols, owned by the town, where the traders, horse-copers and travellers stayed. The inn was a potential epidemic hotspot due to its neglect and the amount of manure it contained, so the city decided to close it down in 1895 and sold it to the capitalist B\u00fcrger Albert. He was one of the wealthiest and most influential men in the city at the end of the 19th century, owning many buildings and businesses, including the Beer House Street factory. In 1897, he built a neo-Baroque palace on the new plot of land as his own residence, with a park. Although the B\u00fcrger empire went bankrupt during the depression of the 1930s, the house remains in the B\u00fcrger family until 1944, and probably until nationalisation in 1949. In 1972, a restaurant was opened here under the name Golden Rooster. The interior was designed by architect Gyenes Tibor. The restaurant was closed in the mid-1990s.\n&\nwikipedia: B\u00fcrger-h\u00e1z|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%BCrger-h%C3%A1z"},{"sightId":2520,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"1918. December 1 sug\u00e1r\u00fat","mapdata":"","gps_lat":"46.5228772218","gps_long":"24.5986351638","religion":0,"oldtype":"75","newtype":"75","homepage":"https:\/\/ms.sapientia.ro\/hu","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Wikizoli, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sapientia_EMTE_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_k%C3%B6zelr%C5%91l.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sapientia EMTE Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely k\u00f6zelr\u0151l\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/57\/Sapientia_EMTE_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_k%C3%B6zelr%C5%91l.jpg\/512px-Sapientia_EMTE_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_k%C3%B6zelr%C5%91l.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sapientia_EMTE_Marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely_k%C3%B6zelr%C5%91l.jpg\u0022\u003EWikizoli\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Sapientia Transylvanian Hungarian University","seolink":"sapientia-transylvanian-hungarian-university","note":"","history":"Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania (Sapientia EMTE) is a private Hungarian-language university in Romania, founded in 2000. Its main sponsor is the Hungarian state. The university operates with campuses in Kolozsv\u00e1r, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and Cs\u00edkszereda. The central offices of the university, the Rector's Office, and the Sapientia Foundation, which maintains the university - are located in Kolozsv\u00e1r, in the house where Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n was born."},{"sightId":2521,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Iuliu Maniu 4","mapdata":"1|1725|3102","gps_lat":"46.5418870944","gps_long":"24.5565204586","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Iuliu_Maniu_nr_4_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures Iuliu Maniu nr 4 (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e6\/RO_Targu_Mures_Iuliu_Maniu_nr_4_%281%29.jpg\/512px-RO_Targu_Mures_Iuliu_Maniu_nr_4_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_Iuliu_Maniu_nr_4_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Aprentice's Home","seolink":"former-aprentices-home","note":"","history":"The former apprentices' home was built in 1915, on the initiative of the Association of Building Craftsmen of Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, for the Hungarian apprentices and for the theoretical education of the apprentices of the master masons working in the town. Its design was supported by Csisz\u00e1r Lajos, a wealthy architect from Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, who, according to architect Keresztes Gyula, also introduced Egyptian motifs into the magnificent domed building. The exterior of the Art Nouveau building is also uniquely decorated: the window lintels bear the emblematic coats of arms of the various trades, with Hungarian abbreviations such as \u0022Vill\u0022 (for electricians), \u0022\u00dcveg\u0022 (glaziers), \u0022Aszt\u0022 (carpenters), \u0022Lak\u0022 (locksmiths), \u0022B\u00e1d\u0022 (tinsmiths), \u0022Fest\u0022 (painters). Somewhat surprisingly, neither half a century of socialism nor the anti-Hungarian sentiment that erupted afterwards has erased from the building's facade. Neither did the marble plaques in Hungarian in the doorway or the town coat of arms above the main entrance disappear. Fate was not so kind to the (probably Hungarian) coat of arms above the other entrance. This main square property was the seat of the Association of Building Craftsmen, which was founded in 1906 and transformed into the Hungarian Association of Craftsmen in 1923 under the leadership of Buksa B\u00e9la.\n&\nkronikaonline.ro: \u00daj otthont kap a marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi n\u00e9pi egyetem|https:\/\/kronikaonline.ro\/erdelyi-hirek\/uj-otthont-kap-a-marosvasarhelyi-nepi-egyetem"},{"sightId":2522,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Artei 7","mapdata":"1|2163|3075","gps_lat":"46.5419776437","gps_long":"24.5603510960","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Casa_Rado.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures Casa Rado\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Tg.Mures_Casa_Rado.jpg\/256px-Tg.Mures_Casa_Rado.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Casa_Rado.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Rad\u00f3 House","seolink":"rado-house","note":"","history":"The apartment building was designed by Rad\u00f3 S\u00e1ndor in 1912. Toroczkai Wigand Ede (1869-1945), architect, applied artist and writer, rented one of the apartments and redesigned the interiors to his own taste.\n&\nszecessziosmagazin.com: A 90 \u00e9ves Keresztes Gyula k\u00f6sz\u00f6nt\u00e9se|http:\/\/www.szecessziosmagazin.com\/magazin2\/keresztesgyula.php"},{"sightId":2523,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"Hotel Privo","address":"D\u00f3zsa Gy\u00f6rgy 35","mapdata":"1|1597|4242","gps_lat":"46.5352066371","gps_long":"24.5553923246","religion":0,"oldtype":"52","newtype":"80","homepage":"https:\/\/www.privo.ro\/en\/villa-csonka\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Vila_Csonka.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tg.Mures Vila Csonka\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Tg.Mures_Vila_Csonka.jpg\/512px-Tg.Mures_Vila_Csonka.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tg.Mures_Vila_Csonka.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Csonka Villa","seolink":"csonka-villa","note":"","history":"The villa was designed in 1910 by architect Csisz\u00e1r Lajos in Art Nouveau style. The property was built by the photographer brother of the inventor of the carburettor, Csonka J\u00e1nos. Csonka G\u00e9za was born in 1861 in Vajdahunyad, studied photography in Budapest, then settled in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, where he also ran two photographic workshops.\n&\nkronikaonline.ro: Nem csonkult a v\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi Csonka-villa \u00e9rt\u00e9ke|https:\/\/kronikaonline.ro\/erdelyi-hirek\/nem-csonkult-a-vasarhelyi-csonka-villa-erteke"},{"sightId":2524,"townId":85,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu 14","mapdata":"1|2751|2574","gps_lat":"46.5450205534","gps_long":"24.5653740549","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_str_Mihail_Kogalniceanu_nr_14_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO Targu Mures str Mihail Kogalniceanu nr 14 (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fd\/RO_Targu_Mures_str_Mihail_Kogalniceanu_nr_14_%281%29.jpg\/512px-RO_Targu_Mures_str_Mihail_Kogalniceanu_nr_14_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_Targu_Mures_str_Mihail_Kogalniceanu_nr_14_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Kem\u00e9ny House, Hungarian Casino","seolink":"kemeny-house-hungarian-casino","note":"","history":"The Kem\u00e9ny House was built in the 18th century in the Baroque style by the Kem\u00e9ny baronial family. The building has changed its purpose many times over the years. At the beginning of the century, in 1907, it was the seat of the Hungarian Gentleman's Casino, and in 1921 it became the property of the Romanian State Security. For a short time after the town was returned to Hungary, the building was used as the headquarters of the Catholic Bachelor's Association.\n&\nwwwold.netsoft.ro: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely nevezetess\u00e9gei|http:\/\/wwwold.netsoft.ro\/locuricelebre\/cladirile_politiei_hu.html"}]},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}
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