Kővár Castle
Cetatea Chioarului
Kővár Castle
Hungarian:
Berkeszpataka
Romanian:
Berchezoaia
![Kővár Castle Kővár Castle](images/castles/download/castle_132.jpg)
George basesteanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Condition:
Some wall remains
Entrance:
Free
Settlement:
Berkeszpataka, Berchezoaia
Historical Hungarian county:
Szatmár
Country:
Romania
County:
Maramureș
Geographic region:
Kővár Region
GPS coordinates:
47.475914, 23.578644
Google map:
History
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
Little more...
895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
Little more...
1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
Little more...
1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
Little more...
1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1356-1359
Vajda Lackfi András of Transylvania was the lord of Kővár. The castle was probably built during this period as a royal castle.
1368
Imre son of Lackfi András was mentioned as the son of the vajda of Kővár.
1378
King Louis I of Hungary donated the castle to the ispáns of Máramaros, Balk and Drágh. They were the sons of the vajda of Transylvania, Dragomir Oláh Miklós, who was of Vlach origin. But their ownership was officially registered only in 1390 during the reign of King Sigismund of Hungary.
1391
King Sigismund confirmed the donation and added further lands to the estate. 34 villages belonged to the castle in 1405.
1424
The estate was divided between the owners, but the Drághfi family, the successors of Drág, continued to share the castle with their relatives the Bélteky family.
1470
The Bélteky family lost their estates due to treason, and the Drághfi family acquired the entire castle and the estate.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
Little more...
1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1526
Judge Royal Drághfy János fell in the battle of Mohács.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
Little more...
1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1555
The last member of the noble family, Drághfy Gáspár, died. The castle was acquired by the king.
1565
The imperial army of Schwendi Lázár took the castle from King John II by force.
1567
King John II took the castle back from the imperials with Turkish help. After 13 days of siege, the leader of the besiegers Bebek György infiltrated into the castle through a crack made by cannon fire and took the sleeping German guards by surprise.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
Little more...
1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
Little more...
1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
January 28, 1595
Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania made an alliance with Emperor Rudolf against the Turks. Rudolf recognized the independence of Transylvania under the rule of Zsigmond and his successors.
August 6, 1595
In order to strengthen the alliance, Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania married Archduchess Maria Christina, the sister of Emperor Ferdinand II (ruled from 1619).
1595
Princess Maria Christina withdrew voluntarily to Kővár from her husband, Prince Báthory Zsigmond. In 1597, her husband asked her to withdraw to Kővár again.
October 26, 1596
The united armies of the Habsburg Empire and Transylvania were defeated by the Turks at Mezőkeresztes.
April 16, 1598
Maria Christina took over the governance of Transylvania on behalf of Emperor Rudolf, after Prince Báthory Zsigmond handed Transylvania over to the Emperor, since he could not protect it any more. He received the duchies of Oppeln and Ratibor in Silesia in exchange. Archduke Maximilian was supposed to take over Transylvania from her, but Prince Báthory Zsigmond returned in August instead, and took back the power.
March 1599
Prince Báthory Zsigmond left Transylvania and exiled his wife to Kővár again. Prince Báthory András, who took over power in Transylvania in May, let her return to her homeland.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
Little more...
1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
1605
The Hungarian defenders of the inner castle disarmed the German imperial mercenaries defending the outer castle, and surrendered the castle to Bocskai István.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1607
The castle became the property of the princes of Transylvania, and generally the princesses benefited from its incomes.
1613
The widow of the murdered Prince Báthory Gábor retreated to the castle and surrendered it to Dóczi András, captain of Szatmár Castle, a supporter of King Matthias II of Hungary (Emperor Matthias).
1615
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania recovered the castle, after he made an agreement with King Matthias II.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
1658
The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed captured Jenő Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay Ákos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.
1659
Prince Rákóczi György II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay Ákos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.
May 22, 1660
In the battle of Sászfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated Rákóczi György II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.
November 1660
Kemény János, the former commander of Rákóczi György II, defeated the army of Gáspár, the brother of Prince Barcsay András, at Örményes. Barcsay Gáspár fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay Ákos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kemény János had Barcsay Ákos captured and murdered.
1661
The resigned Prince Barcsay Ákos was being transported from Görgény to Kővár, when he was assassinated by the men of Kemény János on the way.
1661
The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mihály Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely.
January 23, 1662
The deposed prince Kemény János, having been abandoned by his imperial allies, was defeated by the Turks at Nagyszőlős (near Segesvár), where he fell.
1662
The Peace of Vasvár listed Kővár among the castles to be surrendered.
1663
Prince Apafi Mihály I of Transylvania appointed Teleki Mihály captain of Kővár. Teleki became the most influential advisor of Apafi.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
Little more...
1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1694
Kővár consisted of an outer, a middle and an inner castle, which were connected by drawbridges and gates. Towers reinforced the walls. One of the bastions was designed for cannons. A church stood in the courtyard of the inner castle surrounded by sheds. The residential quarters were located in the inner castle.
from the middle of the 16th century
The area called Kővárvidék was separated from Közép-Szolnok County and Kővár became its centre. It remained separated until 1876, when its area was merged into the neighbouring counties (Szolnok-Doboka and Szatmár).
1703
The kuruc insurgents captured the castle. Jr. Teleki Mihály surrendered to Rákóczi Ferenc II and had the commander of the German garrison arrested.
1711
After the Peace of Szatmár, General Rabutin brought Teleki Mihály before a court martial, but the Emperor seeking reconciliation pardoned him.
1713
General Rabutin took revenge by having the castle destroyed.
1717
Tatar raiders attacking Transylvania destroyed what remained of the fortifications of Kővár.
1719
The Teleki family acquired Kővár, but the castle was not rebuilt, and the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages took its stones for their constructions.
Source: varak.hu , Wikipedia, univ.bibl.u-szeged.hu: Kővár krónikája , arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
Check out other castles in Transylvania as well!
© OpenStreetMap contributors
{"item":"castle","set":{"castleId":132,"townId":0,"active":1,"name_LO":"Cetatea Chioarului","settlement_HU":"Berkeszpataka","settlement_LO":"Berchezoaia","address":"","listorder":100,"gps_lat":"47.4759140000","gps_long":"23.5786440000","oldcounty":24,"country":4,"division":10,"cond":6,"entrance":2,"varaklink":"https:\/\/varak.hu\/latnivalo\/index\/1631-Berkeszpataka-Kovar-Chioar\/","homepage":"","openinghours":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022George basesteanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Cetatea Chioarului\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b6\/Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\/512px-Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Chioarului.jpg\u0022\u003EGeorge basesteanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"K\u0151v\u00e1r Castle","georegion":"K\u0151v\u00e1r Region","description":"","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@#6|@1356-1359|Vajda Lackfi Andr\u00e1s of Transylvania was the lord of K\u0151v\u00e1r. The castle was probably built during this period as a royal castle.@1368|Imre son of Lackfi Andr\u00e1s was mentioned as the son of the vajda of K\u0151v\u00e1r.@1378|King Louis I of Hungary donated the castle to the isp\u00e1ns of M\u00e1ramaros, Balk and Dr\u00e1gh. They were the sons of the vajda of Transylvania, Dragomir Ol\u00e1h Mikl\u00f3s, who was of Vlach origin. But their ownership was officially registered only in 1390 during the reign of King Sigismund of Hungary.@1391|King Sigismund confirmed the donation and added further lands to the estate. 34 villages belonged to the castle in 1405.@1424|The estate was divided between the owners, but the Dr\u00e1ghfi family, the successors of Dr\u00e1g, continued to share the castle with their relatives the B\u00e9lteky family.@1470|The B\u00e9lteky family lost their estates due to treason, and the Dr\u00e1ghfi family acquired the entire castle and the estate.@#8|@1526|Judge Royal Dr\u00e1ghfy J\u00e1nos fell in the battle of Moh\u00e1cs.@#9|@1555|The last member of the noble family, Dr\u00e1ghfy G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, died. The castle was acquired by the king.@1565|The imperial army of Schwendi L\u00e1z\u00e1r took the castle from King John II by force.@1567|King John II took the castle back from the imperials with Turkish help. After 13 days of siege, the leader of the besiegers Bebek Gy\u00f6rgy infiltrated into the castle through a crack made by cannon fire and took the sleeping German guards by surprise.@#10|@#12|@January 28, 1595|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania made an alliance with Emperor Rudolf against the Turks. Rudolf recognized the independence of Transylvania under the rule of Zsigmond and his successors.@August 6, 1595|In order to strengthen the alliance, Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania married Archduchess Maria Christina, the sister of Emperor Ferdinand II (ruled from 1619).@1595|Princess Maria Christina withdrew voluntarily to K\u0151v\u00e1r from her husband, Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond. In 1597, her husband asked her to withdraw to K\u0151v\u00e1r again.@October 26, 1596|The united armies of the Habsburg Empire and Transylvania were defeated by the Turks at Mez\u0151keresztes.@April 16, 1598|Maria Christina took over the governance of Transylvania on behalf of Emperor Rudolf, after Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond handed Transylvania over to the Emperor, since he could not protect it any more. He received the duchies of Oppeln and Ratibor in Silesia in exchange. Archduke Maximilian was supposed to take over Transylvania from her, but Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond returned in August instead, and took back the power.@March 1599|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond left Transylvania and exiled his wife to K\u0151v\u00e1r again. Prince B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s, who took over power in Transylvania in May, let her return to her homeland.@#13|@1605|The Hungarian defenders of the inner castle disarmed the German imperial mercenaries defending the outer castle, and surrendered the castle to Bocskai Istv\u00e1n.@#14|@1607|The castle became the property of the princes of Transylvania, and generally the princesses benefited from its incomes.@1613|The widow of the murdered Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor retreated to the castle and surrendered it to D\u00f3czi Andr\u00e1s, captain of Szatm\u00e1r Castle, a supporter of King Matthias II of Hungary (Emperor Matthias).@1615|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania recovered the castle, after he made an agreement with King Matthias II.@#15|@#16|@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@1658|The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Mehmed captured Jen\u0151 Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay \u00c1kos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.@1659|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay \u00c1kos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.@May 22, 1660|In the battle of S\u00e1szfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.@November 1660|Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, the former commander of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, defeated the army of G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, the brother of Prince Barcsay Andr\u00e1s, at \u00d6rm\u00e9nyes. Barcsay G\u00e1sp\u00e1r fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay \u00c1kos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos had Barcsay \u00c1kos captured and murdered.@1661|The resigned Prince Barcsay \u00c1kos was being transported from G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny to K\u0151v\u00e1r, when he was assassinated by the men of Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos on the way.@1661|The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mih\u00e1ly Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@January 23, 1662|The deposed prince Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, having been abandoned by his imperial allies, was defeated by the Turks at Nagysz\u0151l\u0151s (near Segesv\u00e1r), where he fell.@1662|The Peace of Vasv\u00e1r listed K\u0151v\u00e1r among the castles to be surrendered.@1663|Prince Apafi Mih\u00e1ly I of Transylvania appointed Teleki Mih\u00e1ly captain of K\u0151v\u00e1r. Teleki became the most influential advisor of Apafi.@#23|@#25|@#26|@1694|K\u0151v\u00e1r consisted of an outer, a middle and an inner castle, which were connected by drawbridges and gates. Towers reinforced the walls. One of the bastions was designed for cannons. A church stood in the courtyard of the inner castle surrounded by sheds. The residential quarters were located in the inner castle.@from the middle of the 16th century|The area called K\u0151v\u00e1rvid\u00e9k was separated from K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Szolnok County and K\u0151v\u00e1r became its centre. It remained separated until 1876, when its area was merged into the neighbouring counties (Szolnok-Doboka and Szatm\u00e1r).@1703|The kuruc insurgents captured the castle. Jr. Teleki Mih\u00e1ly surrendered to R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II and had the commander of the German garrison arrested.@1711|After the Peace of Szatm\u00e1r, General Rabutin brought Teleki Mih\u00e1ly before a court martial, but the Emperor seeking reconciliation pardoned him.@1713|General Rabutin took revenge by having the castle destroyed.@1717|Tatar raiders attacking Transylvania destroyed what remained of the fortifications of K\u0151v\u00e1r.@1719|The Teleki family acquired K\u0151v\u00e1r, but the castle was not rebuilt, and the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages took its stones for their constructions.&univ.bibl.u-szeged.hu: K\u0151v\u00e1r kr\u00f3nik\u00e1ja|http:\/\/univ.bibl.u-szeged.hu\/1242\/1\/szt_imre_1911_12_041-053.pdf"},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"112","settlement_HU":"Szal\u00e1rd","settlement_LO":"S\u0103lard","gps_lat":"47.2378340000","gps_long":"22.0440240000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca 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alt=\u0022Tampa Natural Reservation from Brasov Romania\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/82\/Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\/512px-Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003EEcologicmarket\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Castle on Cenk Hill;Brassovia Castle","seolink":"brasso-castle-on-cenk-hill-tampa-brasov"},{"id":"119","settlement_HU":"Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely","settlement_LO":"Odorheiu Secuiesc","gps_lat":"46.2948450000","gps_long":"25.2728550000","cond":"7","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Budv\u00e1r","seolink":"szekelyudvarhely-budvar-castle-odorheiu-secuiesc"},{"id":"120","settlement_HU":"Beszterce","settlement_LO":"Bistri\u021ba","gps_lat":"47.1693380000","gps_long":"24.4814300000","cond":"7","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Beszterce Castle","seolink":"beszterce-castle-bistrita"},{"id":"121","settlement_HU":"Csics\u00f3\u00fajfalu","settlement_LO":"Ciceu-Corabia","gps_lat":"47.2510600000","gps_long":"23.9672930000","cond":"5","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Unknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csics%C3%B3v%C3%A1r_(Vas%C3%A1rnapi_%C3%BAjs%C3%A1g_1866._35._sz%C3%A1m).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Csics\u00f3v\u00e1r (Vas\u00e1rnapi \u00fajs\u00e1g 1866. 35. sz\u00e1m)\u0022 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Petitpeton assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022B\u00e9lavar caslte 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fe\/B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003ENo machine-readable author provided. Petitpeton assumed (based on copyright claims).\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Fenes Castle; B\u00e9lav\u00e1r","seolink":"fenes-castle-cetatea-finis"},{"id":"127","settlement_HU":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9nyszentimre","settlement_LO":"Gurghiu","gps_lat":"46.7744120000","gps_long":"24.8653210000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022SahkuRO, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Gurghiu panoramic\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7e\/Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003ESahkuRO\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny Castle","seolink":"gorgeny-castle"},{"id":"128","settlement_HU":"Szinice","settlement_LO":"Svini\u0163a","gps_lat":"44.4798350000","gps_long":"22.1426560000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Trikule Svini\u021ba 01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\/512px-Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003ENenea hartia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Three 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