Tailors' bastion
Bastionul Croitorilor
Tailors' bastion
Bastionul Croitorilor
Original function:
town fortification
Current function:
town fortification
Address:
Strada Baba Novac 2
Historical Hungarian county:
Kolozs
GPS coordinates:
46.7680328361, 23.5975154656
History
The bastion stood at the south-east corner of the castle, built in the 15th century. First mentioned in 1475, it was initially defended by a guild of tailors and weavers, then the tailors' guild split off in 1568. In 1601 the bastion was unsuccessfully attacked by Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania, but in 1603 it was severely damaged during a ten-day siege of Székely Mózes. On 27 August 1627, it was struck by lightning, which caused the explosion of 12 barrels of gunpowder stored there, completely destroying the bastion. It was rebuilt at the town's expense between 1627 and 1629, during the reign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania, when it took its present form. It was damaged by fire in 1655, but successfully withstood the Turkish siege in 1662. In the autumn of 1704, it was damaged in the Hungarian War of Independence. In November 1707, the Hungarian commander Károlyi Sándor, who was leaving the town, had the bastion on the town side blown up to prevent the invading Germans from using it. It was repaired in 1709 by the imperial troops (General Georg Kriechbaum), and was then used as a military depot for a long time. In the 1920s it was used as a dwelling.
Between 2007 and 2009, the bastion was renovated and turned into a civic centre, with a seventy-seat auditorium, an exhibition hall, a library and a café.
In 1405, King Sigismund of Hungary declared Kolozsvár a free royal town and allowed it to be surrounded by a wall. Construction progressed very slowly and was completed under pressure from the increased Turkish threat during the reign of King Matthias. By the end of the 15th century, the town centre, covering 45 hectares, was surrounded by a three-kilometre-long wall with 18 towers. It had 6 gate towers and two small gates. In 1660, Várad was occupied by the Turks and Kolozsvár became a border fortress. A garrison was stationed there and the settlement was subordinated to the ispán of the county, who also held the post of the town's chief captain. As a result, Kolozsvár lost its status as a free royal town. From 1687 onwards, the town was occupied by a German army. The walls and towers were largely demolished in the 19th century and their materials used for the town's construction.
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