Reformed Church in Farkas Street
Reformed Church in Farkas Street
Address:
Strada Mihail Kogălniceanu 21
Historical Hungarian county:
Kolozs
GPS coordinates:
46.7681152413, 23.5957564226
History
On 9 September 1486, by order of King Matthias of Hungary and with the approval of Báthory István, vajda of Transylvania, the town council and judge Szabó Ambrus donated the area next to the Tailor's Bastion to the Franciscan friars. The building work was led by Brother János, probably the same brother who, as head of the royal workshop, was also involved in the construction of the royal place in Visegrád. The costs of the works were borne by King Matthias. After the death of King Matthias, King Ulászló II supported the construction with funds: in 1494, he ordered three hundred gold florins worth of rock salt from the salt chamber of Torda for the church and monastery. The donation later became a permanent endowment, confirmed by King Louis II in 1520. The church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, was completed in 1503, and its organ was completed in 1534. Originally there were two monasteries next to the church, of which only the northern part of the cloister of the men's monastery remains.
As a result of the spread of Protestantism, the Franciscan Order had to leave Kolozsvár, according to the decision of the Diet of Szászsebes on 8 March 1556. On 15 March, the Reformed mob invaded the church and demanded the surrender of the church and the order house. Father Mikola Boldizsár stood at the church gate and, according to legend, with his hand on his heart and two fingers raised, vowed never to leave the building. The people cut him down with swords and broke into the church, destroying the sacred objects there. During a restoration in 1958, a completely intact 16th century skeleton was uncovered in the courtyard of the monastery, with the left hand resting on the chest and the right arm pointing upwards with two outstretched fingers.
The church then stood abandoned for twenty-five years. In 1579, Prince Báthory István of Transylvania donated the building to the Jesuits, and also provided the building materials for its restoration. The nunnery was then converted into a school. In 1588, the Diet of Medgyes expelled the Jesuits from Transylvania, but Prince Báthory Zsigmond called them back and they took possession of the church again in 1595. During the Fifteen Years' War, the troops of Székely Mózes drove the Jesuits out and the people, incensed by the Unitarian superintendent Toroczkai Kovács Máté and the preacher Göczi Nyírő Pál, stormed the church on 9 June 1603, without the intervention of Royal Judge Bogner-Gellyén Imre. The church door was smashed in, the altar and statues were slashed with axes, the pews were smashed to pieces and part of the vault was also knocked down, killing fourteen people. The stones from the abandoned building were then used to repair other buildings in the town, and the sanctuary was used as a warehouse.
In 1622, the Reformed received the ruined church and the land from Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania for a college, but eventually the college was transferred to the capitol Gyulafehérvár. The rebuilding of the church started only under Prince Rákóczi György I, after the decision of the Diet of Gyulafehérvár in 1638 and with the financial support of the Prince. The major part of the construction was completed by 1640, when the prince brought in an Italian architect and - after much research - craftsmen from Courland, who completed the star vault by the end of 1643. In the 1640s the church was furnished. The new church was consecrated by Bishop Geleji Katona István on 30 June 1647.
Prince Rákóczi György II initiated the restoration of the monastery for the Reformed College, which was destroyed by fire in 1798.
After the fire of 1798, the church was restored under the leadership of Josef Leder. Between 1910-13, the church was completely restored under the direction of Lux Kálmán, who completed the neo-Gothic loft, where the organ by made Angster József from Pécs was installed. The next restoration took place between 1958 and 1961, this time under the direction of Bágyuj Lajos.
The church contains the tombs of Prince Apafi Mihály I of Transylvania and his wife Bornemisza Anna, and Apafi Mihály II and his wife Bethlen Kata, whose remains were transferred from the church in Almakerék in 1942. The monument was designed by Kós Károly.
The acoustics of the church are excellent, and since the 1960s it has regularly hosted organ recitals. The older upper part of the organ is inscribed as dating from 1766.
In front of the church is a statue of St George the Dragonslayer. The original sculpture, which stands in Prague Castle, was made by the brothers Márton and György of Kolozsvár in 1373.
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The building work was led by Brother J\u00e1nos, probably the same brother who, as head of the royal workshop, was also involved in the construction of the royal place in Visegr\u00e1d. The costs of the works were borne by King Matthias. After the death of King Matthias, King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II supported the construction with funds: in 1494, he ordered three hundred gold florins worth of rock salt from the salt chamber of Torda for the church and monastery. The donation later became a permanent endowment, confirmed by King Louis II in 1520. The church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, was completed in 1503, and its organ was completed in 1534. Originally there were two monasteries next to the church, of which only the northern part of the cloister of the men's monastery remains. \nAs a result of the spread of Protestantism, the Franciscan Order had to leave Kolozsv\u00e1r, according to the decision of the Diet of Sz\u00e1szsebes on 8 March 1556. On 15 March, the Reformed mob invaded the church and demanded the surrender of the church and the order house. Father Mikola Boldizs\u00e1r stood at the church gate and, according to legend, with his hand on his heart and two fingers raised, vowed never to leave the building. The people cut him down with swords and broke into the church, destroying the sacred objects there. During a restoration in 1958, a completely intact 16th century skeleton was uncovered in the courtyard of the monastery, with the left hand resting on the chest and the right arm pointing upwards with two outstretched fingers.\nThe church then stood abandoned for twenty-five years. In 1579, Prince B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania donated the building to the Jesuits, and also provided the building materials for its restoration. The nunnery was then converted into a school. In 1588, the Diet of Medgyes expelled the Jesuits from Transylvania, but Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond called them back and they took possession of the church again in 1595. During the Fifteen Years' War, the troops of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes drove the Jesuits out and the people, incensed by the Unitarian superintendent Toroczkai Kov\u00e1cs M\u00e1t\u00e9 and the preacher G\u00f6czi Ny\u00edr\u0151 P\u00e1l, stormed the church on 9 June 1603, without the intervention of Royal Judge Bogner-Gelly\u00e9n Imre. The church door was smashed in, the altar and statues were slashed with axes, the pews were smashed to pieces and part of the vault was also knocked down, killing fourteen people. The stones from the abandoned building were then used to repair other buildings in the town, and the sanctuary was used as a warehouse. \nIn 1622, the Reformed received the ruined church and the land from Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania for a college, but eventually the college was transferred to the capitol Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r. The rebuilding of the church started only under Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy I, after the decision of the Diet of Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r in 1638 and with the financial support of the Prince. The major part of the construction was completed by 1640, when the prince brought in an Italian architect and - after much research - craftsmen from Courland, who completed the star vault by the end of 1643. In the 1640s the church was furnished. 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