Karánsebes
Historical Hungarian county:
Krassó-Szörény
GPS coordinates:
45.411764, 22.216167
Population
Population in 1910
Total |
6497 |
Hungarian |
13.46% |
German |
31.21% |
Vlach |
50.86% |
The settlement was established where the Sebes stream flows into the Temes river. In the 13th century, a castle named after the Sebes stream was built. It was part of Krassó County, founded by St. Stephen of Hungary, whose population was mostly Hungarian. In the middle of the 14th century, the first Vlach immigrants arrived from the Balkans. They settled around the castles and acted as border guards. Sebes became the seat of one such Vlach district. It was under the jurisdiction of the Banate of Szörény, which was part of Hungary. From 1438, Hunyadi János held the office of the ban of Szörény. At the time of King Matthias it belonged to Temes County. In the 15th century, Sebes on the right bank of the Temes River and Karán on the left bank became a single settlement. In the 16th century, it became one of the seats of the Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later the Principality of Transylvania. Even then, the town was inhabited mostly by Vlachs. In 1595, during the 15 Years' War, the prince commissioned Borbély György, ban of Lugos and Karánsebes, to launch a campaign against the Turks. It became successfull and the Transylvanian army advanced as far as Arad, liberating the area along the Maros River from the Turks. In 1658, Karánsebes came under Turkish control, when Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed marched into Transylvania in retaliation for Prince Rákóczi György II's campaign in Poland, wreaked havoc there with his armies amd demanded, among others, that the towns of Lugos and Karánsebes be ceded to them as a condition for his withdrawal. During the Turkish rule, it was under the jurisdiction of the bey of Karánsebes and Lugos, the seat of the bey being in Karánsebes. It was retaken by imperial troops at the end of the century, but the peace treaty with the Turks required the castle to be demolished. After the Turks were driven out of Temesvár, Lugos became part of the Banate of Temes, created by the Habsburgs. Hungarians were forbidden from returning to the area. Most of the Banate of Temes became part of Hungary again in 1778, but Karánsebes remained part of the border region under military administration. Only after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, in 1872, was the border region dissolved and Karánsebes became the seat of the reorganised Szörény County. It lost its status as a county seat in 1881, when the county of Szörény was merged with the county of Krassó.
Check out other towns in Transylvania as well!
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
13th century
Sebes Castle was built. It was never a particularly strong fortification, but it had strategic importance. The castle was named after the Sebes, which is a stream that flows into the Temes River at the settlement. The word sebes means swift in Hungarian. The Romanian name of the settlement comes from the Hungarian. The word karán might have been a personal name or it might have come from the Turk kara word meaning black. King László IV of Hungary (1272-1290) visited the neighbourhood several times.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
14th century
The population of Krassó County spanning from the river Maros to the Danube was mostly Hungarian, with a small Slavic population. This is evidenced by the old settlement and geographical names (rivers, hills, etc.), most of which are of Hungarian origin.
1340's
The first Vlach migrants appeared in the area. They migrated from the Balkans, and then settled in the place of the Hungarian population, which had dwindled around the castles. They were divided into districts according to the castles concerned, and served as border guards. These districts were later called the Vlach districts, and the district of Lugos was one of them. Sebes was the seat of a Vlach district. The Vlach nobility converted to Western Christianity in large numbers. Between 1376 and 1382, even a Catholic diocese existed, the Diocese of Szörény. Franciscan monks operated in the town until 1400.
14–15th century
The settlement was mentioned as either oppidum or civitas
1365
John V Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor, was received here with great solemnity.
1396
After the crusaders were defeated in the battle of Nicopolis, Turks crossed the Danube for the first time and plundered as far as Temesvár. Turkish raiders also arrived in the area afterwards.
first half of the 15th century
King Sigismund of Hungary stayed in the town on several occasions during the wars against the Turks. First on 28 November 1419, then in the autumn of 1428 multiple times and finally on 30 November 1429.
1419
The districts of Lugos, Sebes, Karán and Komjáti formed part of the Bánság of Szörény, which was part of Hungary. The towns of Lugos and Karánsebes were in close friendship and in defensive alliance, which even the kings respected and did not separate them from each other.
between 1429 and 1435
The Teutonic Order owned the settlement. They were settled in Hungary by King Sigismund to protect the border against the Turks and their Vlach minions, but they failed and left quite soon.
1432
The Turks and their Vlach minion, Vlad Dracul of Wallachia plundered the town.
1438
Hunyadi János was appointed bán of Szörény. He became ispán of Temes County and captain of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) in 1441.
October 18, 1447 and October 29, 1453
Governor Hunyadi János of Hungary stayed in the town.
1455
St. John of Capistrano stayed in the town.
1456
Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade)
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1456
The Turkish army of Sultan Mehmed II, the conqueror of Constantinople, besieged the castle of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade), which was the southern gateway to Hungary. But the Hungarian army, led by Hunyadi János, won a decisive victory over the twice to three times larger Turkish army. The Pope had earlier ordered that church bells should be rung every noon to pray for the victory of the defenders. Hunyadi János died of plague in the camp after the battle.
1457
King László V of Hungary assured the Hunyadi family with an oath that he would not take revenge for the killing of Cillei Ulrich in Nándorfehérvár. Nevertheless, he had Hunyadi László beheaded. Then, fearing the revenge of his mother, Sziágyi Erzsébet, he confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach districts (including Lugos and Karánsebes) that made up the Bánság of Szörény to ensure their support.
second half of 15th century
Karánsebes belonged to Temes County during the reign of King Matthias of Hungary.
1497
The town was granted the same privileges as Buda.
1498
The town was granted high justice (right to impose capital punishment). Later the princes of Transylvania confirmed the privileges of the town on several occasions.
15th century
Sebes on the right bank of the Temes River (1325: Sebus, 1365: Sebusvar) and Karán on the left bank (Karan, 1376) became one single settlement (1452 Karan et Sebes, 1464 Karansebes). According to another theory, the prefix Karán referred to Kavarán 17 kilometres north of the town, which got its name as a prefix in order to distinguish it from other settlements also called Sebes.
1509
The Turks besieged the town unsuccessfully.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
after 1526
The raids of the Turkish and Tatar horsemen caused serious damages to the Christians. First the parish church in the centre of the town was surrounded with thick walls, later the entire settlement had to be fortified.
after 1526
The Bánság of Szörény, which stretched between the Danube and the Olt rivers and was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, ceased to exist as a result of the Turkish occupation. Its remaining parts and Krassó County were merged and Szörény County was created, which belonged to Transylvania (which was still part of Hungary) afterwards. Its leader bore the title of Bán of Karánsebes and Lugos. The bán lived in either Karánsebes or Lugos.
September 9, 1529
King John I of Hungary retook Buda, the capitol of Hungary, from King Ferdinand I with Turkish help.
1536
Somlyai Mihály was the first to bear the title of Bán of Karánsebes and Lugos. (the last man was Barcsay Ákos in 1658).
from 1536 to 1658
Lugos was one of the centres of the Bánság of Karánsebes and Lugos, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later (from 1570) the Principality of Transylvania. Important trade routes crossed the town, which was famous for its furriers.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
July 1551
The child John Sigismund's guardian, George Martinuzzi, with Castaldo's imperial army, forced Queen Isabella to surrender the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (including Transylvania) to King Ferdinand I. Isabella left for Poland with her child, the heir to the throne. The Turks then launched a punitive campaign against Hungary. Queen Isabella handed over the town to Serédy György according to the agreement. The fortification of the town was started hurriedly, with the free labour of the poor living in the neighbourhood. Ramparts were raised from earth and wood, which were reinforced with cannon bastions. This corresponded to the military technology of that age.
1552
After the fall of Temesvár, Lugos and Karánsebes paid a tribute to the Turks so that they would not capture and sack the towns. Bán Glesán János surrendered the town to the Turks in accordance with the will of town council.
1554
The Sultan donated Lugos and Karánsebes to Petrovics Péter, a relative of the deceased King John I, who moved to Lugos. Petrovics was to help Queen Isabella back to the throne (of Hungary). Petrovics reinforced the castle with towers.
1556
The Estates of Transylvania, dissatisfied with Habsburg rule, recalled Queen Isabella to the throne, to which the Sultan gave his consent. On her return, she regained control of eastern Hungary.
1556
Queen Isabella returned to Transylvania and confirmed the loyal Petrovics Péter as Bán of Lugos and Karánsebes. This was also a symbolic expression of the fact, that the area belonged to Transylvania. Petrovics died in 1557 and, being childless, his estates reverted to the Queen and her son. Békés László was appointed Bán of Lugos and Karánsebes.
16-17th century
The town’s population was divided in several aspects. Most of the inhabitants were Vlachs, but Hungarians and in smaller number Serbs also lived in the town. There was a tension between nobles and burghers, Catholics and Protestants and also between the supporters of the Principality of Transylvania and those of the Emperor.
1564
The country assembly held in Torda ordered, that the town’s church was to be used by the Catholics and the Calvinists alternately.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1571
After the death of King John II, the Estates of Transylvania elected Báthory István as Prince of Transylvania. He was recognized by the Emperor and the Sultan as well. Bekes Gáspár rebelled against the Prince, and tried to win the Sultan’s support by promising – among other things – to hand over the Bánság of Karánsebes and Lugos. Prince Báthory succeeded in winning the Sultan's support, and in 1573 he also forced Bekes Gáspár out of Fogaras Castle by siege, leaving him without supporters.
1575
Bekes Gáspár tried to seize the Transylvanian throne with the army of Emperor Maximilian, but was defeated on 10 July. 300 horsemen and 200 foot soldiers assisted Prince Báthory from the Lugos and Karánsebes area.
1575
The Turks demanded the surrender of the castles of Lugos and Karánsebes and an increase in the yearly tribute paid by Transylvania, but Prince Báthory István refused their demands.
1581
The Calvinists used the church exclusively and the town had no permanent Catholic priest for decades. The town had one of the strongest communities of Vlach Calvinists in Transylvania.
1582
The Vlach Calvinist bishop Tordasi Mihály ordered the translation of the Old Testament to Vlach language. The so called Old Testament of Szászváros (Palie de la Orăștie) was prepared by preacher Moisi Peștiși from Lugos, Dean Archirie of Vajdahunyad, Ștefan Herce local Vlach superintendent and the teacher Efrem Zăcan. They used the work of Heltai Gáspár, the first Hungarian translation of the Bible. Sr. Mihai Halici was the editor of a book of psalms and it is likely, that he was the author of the first manuscript of a Vlach-Latin dictionary.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
June 11, 1594
Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania openly declared his break with the Ottoman Empire.
May 27, 1595
Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania appointed the battle-hardened Borbély György Bán of Karánsebes and Lugos. Borbély defeated the army of the Pasha of Temesvár at Facsád on 13 August and liberated Lippa on 1 September. Then he pressed on as far as Arad and liberated that town either, and several castles on his way. Bán Borbély György of Lugos and Karánsebes set out from Karánsebes for his victorious campaign against the Turks in Bánság.
April 8, 1597
Prince Báthory Zsigmond renounced the throne of Transylvania in favour of Emperor Rudolf, but Bocskai István brought him back in August and he was sworn in again as prince.
October 17, 1599
Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince Báthory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal Báthory András instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Székelys, who were dissatisfied with the Báthory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince Báthory András at Sellenberk on 28 October.
November 1, 1599
Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafehérvár, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He asked the Sultan to recognize him as Prince of Transylvania. The Turks asked the castles of Jenő, Lippa, Lugos and Karánsebes in return. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time. The Estates of Transylvania asked General Basta for help against the Wallachian voivode.
June 25, 1600
Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia stayed in the town.
September 18, 1600
Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszló and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by Báthory Zsigmond and General Basta’s imperial mercenaries.
February 3, 1601
The Estates of Transylvania broke with the Emperor and Báthory Zsigmond was elected prince once more. Basta withdrew from Transylvania. Emperor Rudolf asked the help of Voivode Mihai of Wallachia against Transylvania.
August 3, 1601.
The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince Báthory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszló. No help came from the Turks, because Viovode Mihai had sent a false letter to the Pasha of Temesvár saying that he was not needed. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafehérvár, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.
August 19, 1601
General Basta had Viovode Mihai killed near Torda, because Mihai was planning to usurp the throne of Transylvania once more. Then in November, Báthory Zsigmond returned to Transylvania with a Turkish army. But in March 1602, he concluded a treaty with Emperor Rudolf and finally ceded Transylvania to him. The Prince was, as earlier, instigated by the Jesuits to do so.
July 2, 1602
General Basta defeated the army of Székely Mózes near Gyulafehérvár, who did not want to swear loyalty to the emperor. Székely Mózes retreated to Temesvár to the Turks with his men, including Bethlen Gábor (later the greatest Prince of Transylvania).
1603
General Basta left Transylvania with his army. Székely Mózes set out from Temesvár to conquer Transylvania with his Székely army and with the Turkish army of Pasha Bektás. Karánsebes voluntarily surrendered. Then Székely Mózes called for the Estates of Transylvania to join him in Gyulafehérvár, who gave him a positive reception having enough of Basta’s reign of terror. He was elected Prince of Transylvania on 9 May.
autumn 1603
The anti-Habsburg faction of the town council surrendered the town to Székely Mózes. Székely Mózes left his family in Karánsebes while he was on his campaign. It is likely, that his son, Székely Mózes, was born here, and that his wife, Kornis Anna, and his elder son, Székely István, died here from plague. After Székely Mózes was defeated at Brassó, the aristocrats supporting Székely Mózes and the survivors found refuge in the town. Soon the Serb marauders of bán Lódi Simon appointed by General Basta threatened the town. They destroyed the neighbouring villages, many of its inhabitants were enslaved and the burghers were robbed.
July 17, 1603
Mobilized by the Habsburgs, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia attacked the camp of Székely Mózes at Brassó at night. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.
1604
The burgers, supported by the imperial commissioners with weapons, rose up and drove the Serbs out of the town.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
1605
Prince Bocskai István of Transylvania took back the town.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
April 3, 1609
Prince Báthory Gábor of Transylvania confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach noble districts (Lugos, Karánsebes, Mehádia, Almás, Krassó, Borzava, Komjáth, Ilyéd).
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1625
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania sent Jesuits to the town and built a monastery and a school for them. Jesuits were also engaged in ransoming Hungarians from Turkish captivity.
from 1625 to 1642
George Buitul and his Jesuit brothers operated a missionary parish.
1638
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania ordered the town’s defences to be repaired.
from 1644
Barcsay Ákos was bán of Lugos and Karánsebes for 15 years. He was the last to bear this title. He lived in the town.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
September 2, 1658
The Grand Vizier's army captured Jenő Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Governor Barcsay Ákos, bán of Lugos and Karánsebes, to his camp to ask him to have mercy on them. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. The envoys had to accept the terms. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.
1658
Barcsay Ákos surrendered the town to the Turks. During the following six decades, many of its inhabitants, especially the nobles, moved to Hunyad County due to constant wars.
from 1658
The town was under the authority of the Bey of Karánsebes and Lugos, who had his seat in Karánsebes.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
August 3, 1688
The imperial army of General Friedrich Veterani occupied the town.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1690
The Turks occupied the town again.
January 1691
Colonel Bolland took the town back from the Turks.
July 23, 1691
Thökölyi Imre occupied the town, but General Veterani took it back the same year.
1692
Zrínyi Ilona, the wife of Thökölyi Imre, stayed in the town.
1694
General Veterani rebuilt the castle with bastions.
summer 1695
Vice ispán Macskási Péter of Szörény repelled 2,000 Turkish and kuruc attackers.
September 21, 1695
Sultan Mustafa II won a pyrrhic victory over General Veterani, who was let down by Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony, the commander of the main imperial army. Veterani, who was favoured by the Transylvanians, fell in the battle. 1,000 Hungarian hussars also died heroically. Then the Turks captured Karánsebes.
October 1695
The imperials took the town back from the small Turkish garrison left behind.
August 10, 1697
Turkish raiders broke into the town, but finally the garrison under the command of Herberstein made them run.
summer 1698
Pasha Jafer of Temesvár attacked Koaránsebes with 2,500 soldiers and burned its outer palisade.
1699
According to the Treaty of Karlowitz, the town was left in the hands of the imperials, but the castle had to be destroyed.
1701
The castle was destroyed after the Turks demanded it.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1716
A new war broke out between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. After his victory at Pétervárad, Prince Eugene of Savoy attacked Temesvár. Cannonading destroyed most of the town in the siege that lasted 48 days until finally Pasha Mustafa surrendered.
1716
Prince Eugene of Savoy entrusted Claude Florimond de Mercy with the governance of Temesköz (the area bounded by the rivers Maros, Tisza and Danube). Mercy was later appointed civil and military leader of the Bánság of Temes by King Charles IV of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI).
1719
Temesvár became the seat of the Bánság of Temes. Temesköz was not reincorporated into Hungary, but was governed separately from Vienna under the name of Bánság of Temes. The Habsburgs wanted to repopulate the area with Roman Catholic Germans and to make it an Austrian province, part of the Erblande (the Hereditary Lands of the Habsburgs). Habsburg rulers aimed to divide Hungary into separate parts and Germanize them one by one. To this end, they forbade the return of Hungarians to the Bánság of Temes, which was a Hungarian majority area before the Turkish invasion. Instead, the area was repopulated by German, Vlach and Serbian migrants.
1738
The Turks plundered the town again. After that the imperials destroyed what remained of the castle.
June 4, 1741
The Habsburg-Turkish peace congress took place in Karánsebes, where they set the new borders of the two empires.
1751
Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the administration of the Bánság of Temes. 8 of the 11 districts were removed from military governance and placed under civil administration , but the emperor exercised absolute power over the area. Of the remaining three districts, she organised the Military Border Region of Bánság. Karansebes was part of the military border region.
1778
At the demand of the Estates of Hungary, Empress Maria Theresia returned the area of the Bánság of Temes that was under civil governance to Hungary. This ended the unconstitutional status of the area and the counties of Torontál, Temes and Krassó, which ceased to exist due to the Turkish conquest, were formed. Hungarians were no longer prohibited from settling in the area. Hungarians started to move to Temesköz in larger numbers but they could never regain their former majority. The area was continued to be called simply Bánság (Banat refers to its eastern part that belongs to Romania now, and it is the simple translation of the Hungarian Bánság). Karánsebes remained under military administration.
between 1780 and 1828
The present day street system of the town was created by thoughtful planning of the military administration.
1783
The town was attached to the Military Frontier of the Vlach-Illyrian Border Regiment, and the town became its seat in 1803.
1788
The battle of Karánsebes took place here between different subdivisions of the imperial army, who took each other for Turkish troops. After that, the real Turks broke into the town without resistance and burned it.
1830–1831
Maderspach Károly built an iron bridge over the Temes River.
from 1845
The town was the seat of the Vlach-Bánság Border Regiment. There was a weapon factory, a four class German language school and an officer training institution in the town.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
May 1848
Serbian migrants started a rebellion and created an autonomous region called Serbian Voivodina. Their goal was to secede the territory from Hungary and unite it with Serbia. Volunteers arrived from the Principality of Serbia, which was under Turkish protectorate, to support them in order to create Greater Serbia. The rebellious Serbs fought on the side of the Habsburgs to crush the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence. The Serbs began a large-scale ethnic cleansing campaign in Hungarian and Vlach villages, which extended to the area of Bánság.
April 17, 1849
The Hungarian army of General Bem József liberated the town from the imperials.
August 19, 1849
The Hungarian army of Lázár Vilmos and Dessewffy Arisztid surrendered to the imperials here.
after 1849
After the Hungarian War of Independence was suppressed by the Russian intervention, the Habsburg emperor created the province called Serb Vajdaság and Bánság of Temes from the former territories of the Bánság of Temes and some parts of Serbian Voivodina declared arbitrarily by the Serbian rebels. This province was controlled directly from Vienna. This meant that the Habsburg emperor did not fulfil the Serb's demands, in return for which they turned against the Hungarians. None of the nationalities (Hungarians, Germans, Vlachs, Serbians) were anywhere near a majority in the new province.
1860
The province called Serb Vajdaság and Bánság of Temes (created in 1849) was abolished and the area was re-incorporated into Hungary. This was part of the October Diploma issued by Emperor Franz Joseph, which brought a minor ease in Habsburg absolutism. Karansebes remained part of the military border region.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1872
The Military Frontier was abolished and Karánsebes became the seat of the recreated Szörény County.
1873
The old Szörény County was revived. Karánsebes became its seat.
1877
Karánsebes lost its town status.
1878
The Temesvár-Karánsebes-Orsova railway line was opened.
from 1881
Szörény County was merged with Krassó County. Lugos became the seat of the new Krassó-Szörény County. Karánsebes became the seat of a district. In the second half of the 19th century, its economy was known for its cattle market and its leather and wood industry.
1864
Karánsebes became the see of the Orhodox Eparchy of Bánság. The town became an important centre of Vlach culture.
1871
As a compensation for the loss of municipal autonomy enjoyed during the existence of the Military Frontier, the state established a civil school with German and Vlach classes. In 1876, Hungarian was introduced as teaching language in the state civil and elementary schools uniformly.
1876
Karánsebes got railway connection with Temesvár.
1878
Karánsebes got railway connection with Orsova.
1882–1885
A hydroelectric power plant was built and Karánsebes was among the first towns in Hungary to introduce electric street lighting.
1887
Karánsebes regained its town status.
1907
A state grammar school was established in Karánsebes with Hungarian as teaching language.
1914-1918
World War I
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1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).
1918
On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compiègne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
December 3, 1918
The French army invaded Temesvár. The French arbitrarily divided the area of Bánság between the Serbians and the Romanians. Temesvár went to the Romanians.
January 27 – April 16, 1919
The town was under French occupation.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
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4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
2002
7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.
Sights
All
Churches, religious buildings
Public buildings
Cultural facilities
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Memorials
Museums and Galleries
Churches, religious buildings
Roman Catholic Church
Biserica Romano-Catolică
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Roman Catholic Church
History
The church was built between 1725 and 1730.
Calvinist Church
Biserica Reformată
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Calvinist Church
History
The church was built in 1940.
Lutheran Church
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Lutheran Church
History
The church was built in 1902.
St. George Orthodox Cathedral
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St. George Orthodox Cathedral
History
The church was first mentioned in 1738. In 1757, it was reported that the church was built in 1725 and completely renovated. It was reconsecrated in 1796, after being restored after the Tatar raid of 1788. The iconostasis was made in 1863.
Nativity of Saint John the Baptist Orthodox Church
Biserica Nașterea Sfântului Ioan Botezătorul
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Nativity of Saint John the Baptist Orthodox Church
History
The church was built between 1770 and 1780. The frescoes of its altar were made in 1787, and the iconostasis doors are from 1843. The first Orthodox bishop of Karánsebes, Ioan Popasu, was buried here.
Resurrection of the Lord New Orthodox Cathedral
Catedrala Învierea Domnului
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Resurrection of the Lord New Orthodox Cathedral
History
In 1865, the Orthodox Bishopric of Karánsebes was established. The new cathedral was built from 1996 to 2010. The monstrosity, which does not fit in with the town's image, is bizarrely out of place in the small square in front of the Roman Catholic church, and its style and dimensions are such that it is a bizarre, invasive attempt to suppress and change the traditional, westernised, Hungarian character of the town.
Ruins of the Franciscan Monastery
Originally:
monastery / nunnery / canon's house / provost residence
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Ruins of the Franciscan Monastery
History
Initially it belonged to the Bulgarian Custody, and in 1535 to the Custody of Borosjenő. In 1400 the Franciscans moved to Hátszeg, but in 1429 the monastery is mentioned again. In 1535 it was inhabited by eleven monks. According to local tradition, the monastery ceased to exist in 1558 and the Franciscans returned to the town in 1725. By 2010, the new Orthodox cathedral of the town was built next to the ruins of the monastery, without the required excavations.
Orthodox Episcopal See
Originally:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
Currently:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
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Orthodox Episcopal See
History
It was built in the second half of the 19th century.
Former Neolog Synagogue
Sinagoga Beit El
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Former Neolog Synagogue
History
The synagogue was built in 1893.
Public buildings
Former County Hall
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Former County Hall
History
Built in the 18th century, it was the former centre of Szörény County, while Karánsebes was part of Hungary. It was rebuilt in 1909.
Town Hall
Primaria
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Town Hall
History
The town hall was built in 1903.
Former Border Customs Palace
Originally:
public administration
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Former Border Customs Palace
History
Former Palace of the Community of Assets
Palatul Comunității de Avere
Originally:
seat of an institution
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Former Palace of the Community of Assets
History
Former Royal District Court
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Former Royal District Court
History
It was built between 1905 and 1906.
Former Non-Commissioned Officer Training School
Originally:
military headquarters / administration
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Former Non-Commissioned Officer Training School
History
Former Infantry Barracks,County Museum of Ethnography and Border Regiment
Muzeul Județean de Etnografie și al Regimentului de Graniță Caransebeș
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Former Infantry Barracks,County Museum of Ethnography and Border Regiment
History
The former infantry barracks, built in 1739 and rebuilt in 1753, houses an ethnographic exhibition and an exhibition on the history of the border guards.
Post Office
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Cultural facilities
Former Officer's Pavilion
Originally:
casino, military headquarters / administration
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Former Officer's Pavilion
History
The house was built in 1874.
Former Hungarian Royal State Boy's Elementary and High School
Colegiul Național C.D. Loga
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Former Hungarian Royal State Boy's Elementary and High School
History
Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School
Colegiul Național Traian Doda
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Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School
History
The building was constructed between 1915 and 18 for the Hungarian State Grammar School, which previously operated partly in the civil school and partly in rented buildings.
Library
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Library
History
The library was built in the 19th century.
Korongi Palace
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Korongi Palace
History
The palace was built in 1877.
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Former Green Tree Inn
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Former Green Tree Inn
History
Built in 1740, rebuilt in 1850.
Philipphof
Originally:
restaurant / confectionery / café
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New Savings Bank
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New Savings Bank
History
The bank was built in the early 20th century.
Memorials
Pro Patria
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Pro Patria
History
It is a Pro Patria memorial to the mostly Vlach ethnic former students of the lyceum, who died in the First World War for their country. It was inaugurated in 1918, before the Romanian occupation, at the time of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. It was created by Horvay János, a sculptor from Budapest. Hornay János's full-length statue of Queen Elisabeth (Sissi), which was also erected in 1918 in Karánsebes, was destroyed shortly afterwards by the occupying Romanians.
Romania's first attempt to conquer Transylvania in 1916 failed shamefully, resulting in the occupation of Bucharest and the signing of a peace treaty. The second attempt, launched in 1918 after the Monarchy had already signed the armistice with the Entente Powers, was sorrowfully successful, as they only had to invade a defenseless country.
Former Statue of Emperor Franz Joseph, Statue of General Dragalina
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
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Former Statue of Emperor Franz Joseph, Statue of General Dragalina
History
The statue was inaugurated on 7 October 1906. It was the work of Fadrusz János and Rollinger Gál Rezső. The statue was removed after the Romanian occupation in 1919. Since 1943, a statue of General Dragalina has stood on the pedestal.
Born in Karánsebes in 1860, General Ioan Drăgălina was a student at the Maria Theresia Military Academy in Vienna and served in the Imperial and Royal Army. He left the army in 1887 and moved to Romania, where he was promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1908 and commanded the infantry school in Bucharest until 1911. Already a general, he took part in the fightings at Orsova and along the Cserna river, which were part of the Transylvanian campaign that began at the end of August 1916. On 11 October 1916, he was appointed commander of the Romanian 1st Army, but the next day he was seriously wounded by a German counter attack near the front. He was transported to Bucharest, but during the amputation operation he suffered from septicaemia and died on 9 November.
Museums and Galleries
Former Infantry Barracks,County Museum of Ethnography and Border Regiment
Muzeul Județean de Etnografie și al Regimentului de Graniță Caransebeș
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Former Infantry Barracks,County Museum of Ethnography and Border Regiment
History
The former infantry barracks, built in 1739 and rebuilt in 1753, houses an ethnographic exhibition and an exhibition on the history of the border guards.
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In the 13th century, a castle named after the Sebes stream was built. It was part of Krass\u00f3 County, founded by St. Stephen of Hungary, whose population was mostly Hungarian. In the middle of the 14th century, the first Vlach immigrants arrived from the Balkans. They settled around the castles and acted as border guards. Sebes became the seat of one such Vlach district. It was under the jurisdiction of the Banate of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, which was part of Hungary. From 1438, Hunyadi J\u00e1nos held the office of the ban of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny. At the time of King Matthias it belonged to Temes County. In the 15th century, Sebes on the right bank of the Temes River and Kar\u00e1n on the left bank became a single settlement. In the 16th century, it became one of the seats of the Banate of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later the Principality of Transylvania. Even then, the town was inhabited mostly by Vlachs. In 1595, during the 15 Years' War, the prince commissioned Borb\u00e9ly Gy\u00f6rgy, ban of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes, to launch a campaign against the Turks. It became successfull and the Transylvanian army advanced as far as Arad, liberating the area along the Maros River from the Turks. In 1658, Kar\u00e1nsebes came under Turkish control, when Grand Vizier K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Mehmed marched into Transylvania in retaliation for Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II's campaign in Poland, wreaked havoc there with his armies amd demanded, among others, that the towns of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes be ceded to them as a condition for his withdrawal. During the Turkish rule, it was under the jurisdiction of the bey of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos, the seat of the bey being in Kar\u00e1nsebes. It was retaken by imperial troops at the end of the century, but the peace treaty with the Turks required the castle to be demolished. After the Turks were driven out of Temesv\u00e1r, Lugos became part of the Banate of Temes, created by the Habsburgs. Hungarians were forbidden from returning to the area. Most of the Banate of Temes became part of Hungary again in 1778, but Kar\u00e1nsebes remained part of the border region under military administration. Only after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, in 1872, was the border region dissolved and Kar\u00e1nsebes became the seat of the reorganised Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County. It lost its status as a county seat in 1881, when the county of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny was merged with the county of Krass\u00f3.","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@13th century|Sebes Castle was built. It was never a particularly strong fortification, but it had strategic importance. The castle was named after the Sebes, which is a stream that flows into the Temes River at the settlement. The word sebes means swift in Hungarian. The Romanian name of the settlement comes from the Hungarian. The word kar\u00e1n might have been a personal name or it might have come from the Turk kara word meaning black. King L\u00e1szl\u00f3 IV of Hungary (1272-1290) visited the neighbourhood several times.@#6|@14th century|The population of Krass\u00f3 County spanning from the river Maros to the Danube was mostly Hungarian, with a small Slavic population. This is evidenced by the old settlement and geographical names (rivers, hills, etc.), most of which are of Hungarian origin.@1340's|The first Vlach migrants appeared in the area. They migrated from the Balkans, and then settled in the place of the Hungarian population, which had dwindled around the castles. They were divided into districts according to the castles concerned, and served as border guards. These districts were later called the Vlach districts, and the district of Lugos was one of them. Sebes was the seat of a Vlach district. The Vlach nobility converted to Western Christianity in large numbers. Between 1376 and 1382, even a Catholic diocese existed, the Diocese of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny. Franciscan monks operated in the town until 1400.@14\u201315th century|The settlement was mentioned as either oppidum or civitas@1365|John V Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor, was received here with great solemnity.@1396|After the crusaders were defeated in the battle of Nicopolis, Turks crossed the Danube for the first time and plundered as far as Temesv\u00e1r. Turkish raiders also arrived in the area afterwards.@first half of the 15th century|King Sigismund of Hungary stayed in the town on several occasions during the wars against the Turks. First on 28 November 1419, then in the autumn of 1428 multiple times and finally on 30 November 1429.@1419|The districts of Lugos, Sebes, Kar\u00e1n and Komj\u00e1ti formed part of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, which was part of Hungary. The towns of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes were in close friendship and in defensive alliance, which even the kings respected and did not separate them from each other.@between 1429 and 1435|The Teutonic Order owned the settlement. They were settled in Hungary by King Sigismund to protect the border against the Turks and their Vlach minions, but they failed and left quite soon.@1432|The Turks and their Vlach minion, Vlad Dracul of Wallachia plundered the town.@1438|Hunyadi J\u00e1nos was appointed b\u00e1n of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny. He became isp\u00e1n of Temes County and captain of N\u00e1ndorfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r (Belgrade) in 1441.@October 18, 1447 and October 29, 1453|Governor Hunyadi J\u00e1nos of Hungary stayed in the town.@1455|St. John of Capistrano stayed in the town.@#7|@1457|King L\u00e1szl\u00f3 V of Hungary assured the Hunyadi family with an oath that he would not take revenge for the killing of Cillei Ulrich in N\u00e1ndorfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r. Nevertheless, he had Hunyadi L\u00e1szl\u00f3 beheaded. Then, fearing the revenge of his mother, Szi\u00e1gyi Erzs\u00e9bet, he confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach districts (including Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes) that made up the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny to ensure their support.@second half of 15th century|Kar\u00e1nsebes belonged to Temes County during the reign of King Matthias of Hungary.@1497|The town was granted the same privileges as Buda.@1498|The town was granted high justice (right to impose capital punishment). Later the princes of Transylvania confirmed the privileges of the town on several occasions.@15th century|Sebes on the right bank of the Temes River (1325: Sebus, 1365: Sebusvar) and Kar\u00e1n on the left bank (Karan, 1376) became one single settlement (1452 Karan et Sebes, 1464 Karansebes). According to another theory, the prefix Kar\u00e1n referred to Kavar\u00e1n 17 kilometres north of the town, which got its name as a prefix in order to distinguish it from other settlements also called Sebes.@1509|The Turks besieged the town unsuccessfully.@#8|@after 1526|The raids of the Turkish and Tatar horsemen caused serious damages to the Christians. First the parish church in the centre of the town was surrounded with thick walls, later the entire settlement had to be fortified.@after 1526|The B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, which stretched between the Danube and the Olt rivers and was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, ceased to exist as a result of the Turkish occupation. Its remaining parts and Krass\u00f3 County were merged and Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County was created, which belonged to Transylvania (which was still part of Hungary) afterwards. Its leader bore the title of B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. The b\u00e1n lived in either Kar\u00e1nsebes or Lugos.@September 9, 1529|King John I of Hungary retook Buda, the capitol of Hungary, from King Ferdinand I with Turkish help.@1536|Somlyai Mih\u00e1ly was the first to bear the title of B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. (the last man was Barcsay \u00c1kos in 1658).@from 1536 to 1658|Lugos was one of the centres of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later (from 1570) the Principality of Transylvania. Important trade routes crossed the town, which was famous for its furriers.@#9|@July 1551|The child John Sigismund's guardian, George Martinuzzi, with Castaldo's imperial army, forced Queen Isabella to surrender the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (including Transylvania) to King Ferdinand I. Isabella left for Poland with her child, the heir to the throne. The Turks then launched a punitive campaign against Hungary. Queen Isabella handed over the town to Ser\u00e9dy Gy\u00f6rgy according to the agreement. The fortification of the town was started hurriedly, with the free labour of the poor living in the neighbourhood. Ramparts were raised from earth and wood, which were reinforced with cannon bastions. This corresponded to the military technology of that age.@1552|After the fall of Temesv\u00e1r, Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes paid a tribute to the Turks so that they would not capture and sack the towns. B\u00e1n Gles\u00e1n J\u00e1nos surrendered the town to the Turks in accordance with the will of town council.@1554|The Sultan donated Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes to Petrovics P\u00e9ter, a relative of the deceased King John I, who moved to Lugos. Petrovics was to help Queen Isabella back to the throne (of Hungary). Petrovics reinforced the castle with towers.@1556|The Estates of Transylvania, dissatisfied with Habsburg rule, recalled Queen Isabella to the throne, to which the Sultan gave his consent. On her return, she regained control of eastern Hungary.@1556|Queen Isabella returned to Transylvania and confirmed the loyal Petrovics P\u00e9ter as B\u00e1n of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes. This was also a symbolic expression of the fact, that the area belonged to Transylvania. Petrovics died in 1557 and, being childless, his estates reverted to the Queen and her son. B\u00e9k\u00e9s L\u00e1szl\u00f3 was appointed B\u00e1n of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes.@16-17th century|The town\u2019s population was divided in several aspects. Most of the inhabitants were Vlachs, but Hungarians and in smaller number Serbs also lived in the town. There was a tension between nobles and burghers, Catholics and Protestants and also between the supporters of the Principality of Transylvania and those of the Emperor.@1564|The country assembly held in Torda ordered, that the town\u2019s church was to be used by the Catholics and the Calvinists alternately.@#10|@1571|After the death of King John II, the Estates of Transylvania elected B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n as Prince of Transylvania. He was recognized by the Emperor and the Sultan as well. Bekes G\u00e1sp\u00e1r rebelled against the Prince, and tried to win the Sultan\u2019s support by promising \u2013 among other things \u2013 to hand over the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. Prince B\u00e1thory succeeded in winning the Sultan's support, and in 1573 he also forced Bekes G\u00e1sp\u00e1r out of Fogaras Castle by siege, leaving him without supporters.@1575|Bekes G\u00e1sp\u00e1r tried to seize the Transylvanian throne with the army of Emperor Maximilian, but was defeated on 10 July. 300 horsemen and 200 foot soldiers assisted Prince B\u00e1thory from the Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes area.@1575|The Turks demanded the surrender of the castles of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes and an increase in the yearly tribute paid by Transylvania, but Prince B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n refused their demands.@1581|The Calvinists used the church exclusively and the town had no permanent Catholic priest for decades. The town had one of the strongest communities of Vlach Calvinists in Transylvania.@1582|The Vlach Calvinist bishop Tordasi Mih\u00e1ly ordered the translation of the Old Testament to Vlach language. The so called Old Testament of Sz\u00e1szv\u00e1ros (Palie de la Or\u0103\u0219tie) was prepared by preacher Moisi Pe\u0219ti\u0219i from Lugos, Dean Archirie of Vajdahunyad, \u0218tefan Herce local Vlach superintendent and the teacher Efrem Z\u0103can. They used the work of Heltai G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, the first Hungarian translation of the Bible. Sr. Mihai Halici was the editor of a book of psalms and it is likely, that he was the author of the first manuscript of a Vlach-Latin dictionary.@#12|@June 11, 1594|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania openly declared his break with the Ottoman Empire.@May 27, 1595|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania appointed the battle-hardened Borb\u00e9ly Gy\u00f6rgy B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. Borb\u00e9ly defeated the army of the Pasha of Temesv\u00e1r at Facs\u00e1d on 13 August and liberated Lippa on 1 September. Then he pressed on as far as Arad and liberated that town either, and several castles on his way. B\u00e1n Borb\u00e9ly Gy\u00f6rgy of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes set out from Kar\u00e1nsebes for his victorious campaign against the Turks in B\u00e1ns\u00e1g.@April 8, 1597|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond renounced the throne of Transylvania in favour of Emperor Rudolf, but Bocskai Istv\u00e1n brought him back in August and he was sworn in again as prince.@October 17, 1599|Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Sz\u00e9kelys, who were dissatisfied with the B\u00e1thory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s at Sellenberk on 28 October.@November 1, 1599|Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He asked the Sultan to recognize him as Prince of Transylvania. The Turks asked the castles of Jen\u0151, Lippa, Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes in return. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time. The Estates of Transylvania asked General Basta for help against the Wallachian voivode.@June 25, 1600|Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia stayed in the town.@September 18, 1600|Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszl\u00f3 and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by B\u00e1thory Zsigmond and General Basta\u2019s imperial mercenaries.@February 3, 1601|The Estates of Transylvania broke with the Emperor and B\u00e1thory Zsigmond was elected prince once more. Basta withdrew from Transylvania. Emperor Rudolf asked the help of Voivode Mihai of Wallachia against Transylvania.@August 3, 1601.|The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszl\u00f3. No help came from the Turks, because Viovode Mihai had sent a false letter to the Pasha of Temesv\u00e1r saying that he was not needed. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.@August 19, 1601|General Basta had Viovode Mihai killed near Torda, because Mihai was planning to usurp the throne of Transylvania once more. Then in November, B\u00e1thory Zsigmond returned to Transylvania with a Turkish army. But in March 1602, he concluded a treaty with Emperor Rudolf and finally ceded Transylvania to him. The Prince was, as earlier, instigated by the Jesuits to do so.@July 2, 1602|General Basta defeated the army of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes near Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, who did not want to swear loyalty to the emperor. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes retreated to Temesv\u00e1r to the Turks with his men, including Bethlen G\u00e1bor (later the greatest Prince of Transylvania).@1603|General Basta left Transylvania with his army. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes set out from Temesv\u00e1r to conquer Transylvania with his Sz\u00e9kely army and with the Turkish army of Pasha Bekt\u00e1s. Kar\u00e1nsebes voluntarily surrendered. Then Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes called for the Estates of Transylvania to join him in Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, who gave him a positive reception having enough of Basta\u2019s reign of terror. He was elected Prince of Transylvania on 9 May.@autumn 1603|The anti-Habsburg faction of the town council surrendered the town to Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes left his family in Kar\u00e1nsebes while he was on his campaign. It is likely, that his son, Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes, was born here, and that his wife, Kornis Anna, and his elder son, Sz\u00e9kely Istv\u00e1n, died here from plague. After Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes was defeated at Brass\u00f3, the aristocrats supporting Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes and the survivors found refuge in the town. Soon the Serb marauders of b\u00e1n L\u00f3di Simon appointed by General Basta threatened the town. They destroyed the neighbouring villages, many of its inhabitants were enslaved and the burghers were robbed.@July 17, 1603|Mobilized by the Habsburgs, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia attacked the camp of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes at Brass\u00f3 at night. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.@1604|The burgers, supported by the imperial commissioners with weapons, rose up and drove the Serbs out of the town.@#13|@1605|Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania took back the town.@#14|@April 3, 1609|Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor of Transylvania confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach noble districts (Lugos, Kar\u00e1nsebes, Meh\u00e1dia, Alm\u00e1s, Krass\u00f3, Borzava, Komj\u00e1th, Ily\u00e9d).@#15|@#16|@1625|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania sent Jesuits to the town and built a monastery and a school for them. Jesuits were also engaged in ransoming Hungarians from Turkish captivity.@from 1625 to 1642|George Buitul and his Jesuit brothers operated a missionary parish.@1638|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy I of Transylvania ordered the town\u2019s defences to be repaired.@from 1644|Barcsay \u00c1kos was b\u00e1n of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes for 15 years. He was the last to bear this title. He lived in the town.@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@September 2, 1658|The Grand Vizier's army captured Jen\u0151 Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Governor Barcsay \u00c1kos, b\u00e1n of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes, to his camp to ask him to have mercy on them. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. The envoys had to accept the terms. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.@1658|Barcsay \u00c1kos surrendered the town to the Turks. During the following six decades, many of its inhabitants, especially the nobles, moved to Hunyad County due to constant wars.@from 1658|The town was under the authority of the Bey of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos, who had his seat in Kar\u00e1nsebes.@#23|@#25|@August 3, 1688|The imperial army of General Friedrich Veterani occupied the town.@#26|@1690|The Turks occupied the town again.@January 1691|Colonel Bolland took the town back from the Turks.@July 23, 1691|Th\u00f6k\u00f6lyi Imre occupied the town, but General Veterani took it back the same year.@1692|Zr\u00ednyi Ilona, the wife of Th\u00f6k\u00f6lyi Imre, stayed in the town.@1694|General Veterani rebuilt the castle with bastions.@summer 1695|Vice isp\u00e1n Macsk\u00e1si P\u00e9ter of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny repelled 2,000 Turkish and kuruc attackers.@September 21, 1695|Sultan Mustafa II won a pyrrhic victory over General Veterani, who was let down by Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony, the commander of the main imperial army. Veterani, who was favoured by the Transylvanians, fell in the battle. 1,000 Hungarian hussars also died heroically. Then the Turks captured Kar\u00e1nsebes.@October 1695|The imperials took the town back from the small Turkish garrison left behind.@August 10, 1697|Turkish raiders broke into the town, but finally the garrison under the command of Herberstein made them run.@summer 1698|Pasha Jafer of Temesv\u00e1r attacked Koar\u00e1nsebes with 2,500 soldiers and burned its outer palisade.@1699|According to the Treaty of Karlowitz, the town was left in the hands of the imperials, but the castle had to be destroyed.@1701|The castle was destroyed after the Turks demanded it.@#27|@1716|A new war broke out between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. After his victory at P\u00e9terv\u00e1rad, Prince Eugene of Savoy attacked Temesv\u00e1r. Cannonading destroyed most of the town in the siege that lasted 48 days until finally Pasha Mustafa surrendered.@1716|Prince Eugene of Savoy entrusted Claude Florimond de Mercy with the governance of Temesk\u00f6z (the area bounded by the rivers Maros, Tisza and Danube). Mercy was later appointed civil and military leader of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes by King Charles IV of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI).@1719|Temesv\u00e1r became the seat of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes. Temesk\u00f6z was not reincorporated into Hungary, but was governed separately from Vienna under the name of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes. The Habsburgs wanted to repopulate the area with Roman Catholic Germans and to make it an Austrian province, part of the Erblande (the Hereditary Lands of the Habsburgs). Habsburg rulers aimed to divide Hungary into separate parts and Germanize them one by one. To this end, they forbade the return of Hungarians to the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes, which was a Hungarian majority area before the Turkish invasion. Instead, the area was repopulated by German, Vlach and Serbian migrants.@1738|The Turks plundered the town again. After that the imperials destroyed what remained of the castle.@June 4, 1741|The Habsburg-Turkish peace congress took place in Kar\u00e1nsebes, where they set the new borders of the two empires.@1751|Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the administration of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes. 8 of the 11 districts were removed from military governance and placed under civil administration , but the emperor exercised absolute power over the area. Of the remaining three districts, she organised the Military Border Region of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g. Karansebes was part of the military border region.@1778|At the demand of the Estates of Hungary, Empress Maria Theresia returned the area of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes that was under civil governance to Hungary. This ended the unconstitutional status of the area and the counties of Toront\u00e1l, Temes and Krass\u00f3, which ceased to exist due to the Turkish conquest, were formed. Hungarians were no longer prohibited from settling in the area. Hungarians started to move to Temesk\u00f6z in larger numbers but they could never regain their former majority. The area was continued to be called simply B\u00e1ns\u00e1g (Banat refers to its eastern part that belongs to Romania now, and it is the simple translation of the Hungarian B\u00e1ns\u00e1g). Kar\u00e1nsebes remained under military administration.@between 1780 and 1828|The present day street system of the town was created by thoughtful planning of the military administration.@1783|The town was attached to the Military Frontier of the Vlach-Illyrian Border Regiment, and the town became its seat in 1803.@1788|The battle of Kar\u00e1nsebes took place here between different subdivisions of the imperial army, who took each other for Turkish troops. After that, the real Turks broke into the town without resistance and burned it.@1830\u20131831|Maderspach K\u00e1roly built an iron bridge over the Temes River.@from 1845|The town was the seat of the Vlach-B\u00e1ns\u00e1g Border Regiment. There was a weapon factory, a four class German language school and an officer training institution in the town.@#28|@May 1848|Serbian migrants started a rebellion and created an autonomous region called Serbian Voivodina. Their goal was to secede the territory from Hungary and unite it with Serbia. Volunteers arrived from the Principality of Serbia, which was under Turkish protectorate, to support them in order to create Greater Serbia. The rebellious Serbs fought on the side of the Habsburgs to crush the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence. The Serbs began a large-scale ethnic cleansing campaign in Hungarian and Vlach villages, which extended to the area of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g.@April 17, 1849|The Hungarian army of General Bem J\u00f3zsef liberated the town from the imperials.@August 19, 1849|The Hungarian army of L\u00e1z\u00e1r Vilmos and Dessewffy Arisztid surrendered to the imperials here.@after 1849|After the Hungarian War of Independence was suppressed by the Russian intervention, the Habsburg emperor created the province called Serb Vajdas\u00e1g and B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes from the former territories of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes and some parts of Serbian Voivodina declared arbitrarily by the Serbian rebels. This province was controlled directly from Vienna. This meant that the Habsburg emperor did not fulfil the Serb's demands, in return for which they turned against the Hungarians. None of the nationalities (Hungarians, Germans, Vlachs, Serbians) were anywhere near a majority in the new province.@1860|The province called Serb Vajdas\u00e1g and B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes (created in 1849) was abolished and the area was re-incorporated into Hungary. This was part of the October Diploma issued by Emperor Franz Joseph, which brought a minor ease in Habsburg absolutism. Karansebes remained part of the military border region.@#30|@1872|The Military Frontier was abolished and Kar\u00e1nsebes became the seat of the recreated Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County.@1873|The old Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County was revived. Kar\u00e1nsebes became its seat.@1877|Kar\u00e1nsebes lost its town status.@1878|The Temesv\u00e1r-Kar\u00e1nsebes-Orsova railway line was opened.@from 1881|Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County was merged with Krass\u00f3 County. Lugos became the seat of the new Krass\u00f3-Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County. Kar\u00e1nsebes became the seat of a district. In the second half of the 19th century, its economy was known for its cattle market and its leather and wood industry.@1864|Kar\u00e1nsebes became the see of the Orhodox Eparchy of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g. The town became an important centre of Vlach culture.@1871|As a compensation for the loss of municipal autonomy enjoyed during the existence of the Military Frontier, the state established a civil school with German and Vlach classes. In 1876, Hungarian was introduced as teaching language in the state civil and elementary schools uniformly.@1876|Kar\u00e1nsebes got railway connection with Temesv\u00e1r.@1878|Kar\u00e1nsebes got railway connection with Orsova.@1882\u20131885|A hydroelectric power plant was built and Kar\u00e1nsebes was among the first towns in Hungary to introduce electric street lighting.@1887|Kar\u00e1nsebes regained its town status.@1907|A state grammar school was established in Kar\u00e1nsebes with Hungarian as teaching language.@#31|@1916|On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).@1918|On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compi\u00e8gne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.@#32|@December 3, 1918|The French army invaded Temesv\u00e1r. The French arbitrarily divided the area of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g between the Serbians and the Romanians. Temesv\u00e1r went to the Romanians.@January 27 \u2013 April 16, 1919|The town was under French occupation.@#36|@2002|7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.&Iv\u00e1nyi Istv\u00e1n: Lugos rendezett tan\u00e1cs\u00fa v\u00e1ros t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|http:\/\/digiteka.ro\/detail\/19\/lugos-rendezett-tanacsu-varos-tortenete"},"sights":[{"sightId":1769,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Romano-Catolic\u0103","address":"Strada Episcopiei 22","mapdata":"1|719|1006","gps_lat":"45.4115053730","gps_long":"22.2174548210","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022PetrusdictusA, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebe%C8%99,_biserica_romano-catolic%C4%83.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Caransebe\u0219, biserica romano-catolic\u0103\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Caransebe%C8%99%2C_biserica_romano-catolic%C4%83.jpg\/256px-Caransebe%C8%99%2C_biserica_romano-catolic%C4%83.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebe%C8%99,_biserica_romano-catolic%C4%83.jpg\u0022\u003EPetrusdictusA\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Roman Catholic Church","seolink":"roman-catholic-church","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1725 and 1730."},{"sightId":1770,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|799|981","gps_lat":"45.4116453372","gps_long":"22.2180494453","religion":1,"oldtype":"5","newtype":"122","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teacher cs, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biseric%C4%83_de_tip_romanic_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biseric\u0103 de tip romanic - municipiul Caransebe\u0219\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/22\/Biseric%C4%83_de_tip_romanic_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\/512px-Biseric%C4%83_de_tip_romanic_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biseric%C4%83_de_tip_romanic_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003ETeacher cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Ruins of the Franciscan Monastery","seolink":"ruins-of-the-franciscan-monastery","note":"","history":"Initially it belonged to the Bulgarian Custody, and in 1535 to the Custody of Borosjen\u0151. In 1400 the Franciscans moved to H\u00e1tszeg, but in 1429 the monastery is mentioned again. In 1535 it was inhabited by eleven monks. According to local tradition, the monastery ceased to exist in 1558 and the Franciscans returned to the town in 1725. By 2010, the new Orthodox cathedral of the town was built next to the ruins of the monastery, without the required excavations."},{"sightId":1771,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Reformat\u0103","address":"Strada Tribunalului 9","mapdata":"1|339|967","gps_lat":"45.4118616652","gps_long":"22.2142582594","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Calvinist Church","seolink":"calvinist-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1940."},{"sightId":1772,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Sf. Gheorghe 2","mapdata":"1|1284|1215","gps_lat":"45.4103116167","gps_long":"22.2223699083","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/www.episcopiacaransebesului.ro\/catedrala-sf-mare-mucenic-gheorghe-din-caransebes\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teacher cs, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_%22Sf._Gheorghe%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica Sf. Gheorghe municipiul Caransebe\u0219\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/Biserica_%22Sf._Gheorghe%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\/512px-Biserica_%22Sf._Gheorghe%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_%22Sf._Gheorghe%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003ETeacher cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. George Orthodox Cathedral","seolink":"st-george-orthodox-cathedral","note":"","history":"The church was first mentioned in 1738. In 1757, it was reported that the church was built in 1725 and completely renovated. It was reconsecrated in 1796, after being restored after the Tatar raid of 1788. The iconostasis was made in 1863."},{"sightId":1773,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Na\u0219terea Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan Botez\u0103torul","address":"Strada Muntele Mic 40","mapdata":"1|1842|1364","gps_lat":"45.4094082562","gps_long":"22.2272344867","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_CS_Biserica_Sfantul_Ioan_Botezatorul_din_Caransebes_(44).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO CS Biserica Sfantul Ioan Botezatorul din Caransebes (44)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ee\/RO_CS_Biserica_Sfantul_Ioan_Botezatorul_din_Caransebes_%2844%29.jpg\/512px-RO_CS_Biserica_Sfantul_Ioan_Botezatorul_din_Caransebes_%2844%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_CS_Biserica_Sfantul_Ioan_Botezatorul_din_Caransebes_(44).jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Nativity of Saint John the Baptist Orthodox Church","seolink":"nativity-of-saint-john-the-baptist-orthodox-church","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1770 and 1780. The frescoes of its altar were made in 1787, and the iconostasis doors are from 1843. The first Orthodox bishop of Kar\u00e1nsebes, Ioan Popasu, was buried here."},{"sightId":1774,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Catedrala \u00cenvierea Domnului","address":"Strada Episcopiei","mapdata":"1|754|950","gps_lat":"45.4118211614","gps_long":"22.2177444866","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Joergsam, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:CaransebesKathedraleStGheorghe1.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022CaransebesKathedraleStGheorghe1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/CaransebesKathedraleStGheorghe1.JPG\/256px-CaransebesKathedraleStGheorghe1.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:CaransebesKathedraleStGheorghe1.JPG\u0022\u003EJoergsam\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Resurrection of the Lord New Orthodox Cathedral","seolink":"resurrection-of-the-lord-new-orthodox-cathedral","note":"","history":"In 1865, the Orthodox Bishopric of Kar\u00e1nsebes was established. The new cathedral was built from 1996 to 2010. The monstrosity, which does not fit in with the town's image, is bizarrely out of place in the small square in front of the Roman Catholic church, and its style and dimensions are such that it is a bizarre, invasive attempt to suppress and change the traditional, westernised, Hungarian character of the town."},{"sightId":1775,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Sinagoga Beit El","address":"","mapdata":"1|874|1292","gps_lat":"45.4097736020","gps_long":"22.2187530325","religion":6,"oldtype":"8","newtype":"8","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teacher cs, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagog%C4%83_-_Caransebes.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sinagog\u0103 - Caransebes\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Sinagog%C4%83_-_Caransebes.jpg\/512px-Sinagog%C4%83_-_Caransebes.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagog%C4%83_-_Caransebes.jpg\u0022\u003ETeacher cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Neolog Synagogue","seolink":"former-neolog-synagogue","note":"","history":"The synagogue was built in 1893."},{"sightId":1776,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Episcopiei 5","mapdata":"1|533|755","gps_lat":"45.4129968002","gps_long":"22.2158024884","religion":5,"oldtype":"7","newtype":"7","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Oguszt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_ortodox_puspoki_palota.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Karansebes volt ortodox puspoki palota\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Karansebes_volt_ortodox_puspoki_palota.JPG\/512px-Karansebes_volt_ortodox_puspoki_palota.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_ortodox_puspoki_palota.JPG\u0022\u003EOguszt\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Orthodox Episcopal See","seolink":"orthodox-episcopal-see","note":"","history":"It was built in the second half of the 19th century."},{"sightId":1777,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Na\u021bional Traian Doda","address":"Strada Libert\u0103\u021bii 14","mapdata":"1|634|1051","gps_lat":"45.4112559708","gps_long":"22.2166189634","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teacher cs, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_%22Traian_Doda%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Liceul Traian Doda municipiul Caransebe\u0219\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bd\/Liceul_%22Traian_Doda%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\/512px-Liceul_%22Traian_Doda%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_%22Traian_Doda%22_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003ETeacher cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-state-grammar-school","note":"","history":"The building was constructed between 1915 and 18 for the Hungarian State Grammar School, which previously operated partly in the civil school and partly in rented buildings."},{"sightId":1778,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Primaria","address":"Pia\u021ba Revolu\u021biei nr. 1","mapdata":"1|753|1120","gps_lat":"45.4108712389","gps_long":"22.2177694059","religion":0,"oldtype":"12","newtype":"12","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes_Primaria.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Caransebes Primaria\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Caransebes_Primaria.JPG\/512px-Caransebes_Primaria.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes_Primaria.JPG\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Town Hall","seolink":"town-hall","note":"","history":"The town hall was built in 1903."},{"sightId":1779,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Comunit\u0103\u021bii de Avere","address":"Parcul General Dragalina","mapdata":"1|418|567","gps_lat":"45.4142280264","gps_long":"22.2148461290","religion":0,"oldtype":"16","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Oguszt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_vagyonkozossegi_palota.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Karansebes vagyonkozossegi palota\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Karansebes_vagyonkozossegi_palota.JPG\/512px-Karansebes_vagyonkozossegi_palota.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_vagyonkozossegi_palota.JPG\u0022\u003EOguszt\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Palace of the Community of Assets","seolink":"former-palace-of-the-community-of-assets","note":"","history":"It was built in 1901."},{"sightId":1780,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Muzeul Jude\u021bean de Etnografie \u0219i al Regimentului de Grani\u021b\u0103 Caransebe\u0219","address":"Pia\u021ba General Dragalina 2","mapdata":"1|280|533","gps_lat":"45.4144401070","gps_long":"22.2136683860","religion":0,"oldtype":"21","newtype":"98","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Piata_Dragalina_2_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Caransebes, Piata Dragalina 2 (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/23\/Caransebes%2C_Piata_Dragalina_2_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Caransebes%2C_Piata_Dragalina_2_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Piata_Dragalina_2_(1).jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Infantry Barracks,County Museum of Ethnography and Border Regiment","seolink":"former-infantry-barrackscounty-museum-of-ethnography-and-border-regiment","note":"","history":"The former infantry barracks, built in 1739 and rebuilt in 1753, houses an ethnographic exhibition and an exhibition on the history of the border guards."},{"sightId":1781,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba General Dragalina 1","mapdata":"1|263|678","gps_lat":"45.4135859860","gps_long":"22.2135864119","religion":0,"oldtype":"93,20","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Piata_Dragalina_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Caransebes, Piata Dragalina 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Caransebes%2C_Piata_Dragalina_1.jpg\/512px-Caransebes%2C_Piata_Dragalina_1.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Piata_Dragalina_1.jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Officer's Pavilion","seolink":"former-officers-pavilion","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1874."},{"sightId":1782,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Str. Traian Doda 1.","mapdata":"1|904|914","gps_lat":"45.4120767752","gps_long":"22.2191368405","religion":0,"oldtype":"93","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teacher cs, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Korongy_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Korongy - municipiul Caransebe\u0219\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/31\/Palatul_Korongy_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\/512px-Palatul_Korongy_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Korongy_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003ETeacher cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Korongi Palace","seolink":"korongi-palace","note":"","history":"The palace was built in 1877."},{"sightId":1783,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"45.41012465276073, 22.219066795594063","mapdata":"1|886|1239","gps_lat":"45.4101241145","gps_long":"22.2190514586","religion":0,"oldtype":"84","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Mihai_Viteazu_42.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Caransebes, Mihai Viteazu 42\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d4\/Caransebes%2C_Mihai_Viteazu_42.jpg\/512px-Caransebes%2C_Mihai_Viteazu_42.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Mihai_Viteazu_42.jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"New Savings Bank","seolink":"new-savings-bank","note":"","history":"The bank was built in the early 20th century."},{"sightId":1784,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul General Dragalina","mapdata":"1|455|641","gps_lat":"45.4135967284","gps_long":"22.2151995966","religion":0,"oldtype":"15","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Episcopiei_3.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Caransebes, Episcopiei 3\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/87\/Caransebes%2C_Episcopiei_3.jpg\/512px-Caransebes%2C_Episcopiei_3.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Episcopiei_3.jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Border Customs Palace","seolink":"former-border-customs-palace","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1785,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Na\u021bional C.D. Loga","address":"Strada C.D. Loga 16","mapdata":"1|919|514","gps_lat":"45.4144380404","gps_long":"22.2190832128","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/cncdloga.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teacher cs, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_Teoretic_%22C.D.Loga%22_Caransebes.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Liceul Teoretic C.D.Loga Caransebes\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/da\/Liceul_Teoretic_%22C.D.Loga%22_Caransebes.jpg\/512px-Liceul_Teoretic_%22C.D.Loga%22_Caransebes.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_Teoretic_%22C.D.Loga%22_Caransebes.jpg\u0022\u003ETeacher cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal State Boy's Elementary and High School","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-state-boys-elementary-and-high-school","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1786,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|802|1101","gps_lat":"45.4109305142","gps_long":"22.2181546195","religion":0,"oldtype":"81","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Philipphof","seolink":"philipphof","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1787,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Mihai Viteazul","mapdata":"1|951|1180","gps_lat":"45.4104431188","gps_long":"22.2194551680","religion":0,"oldtype":"76","newtype":"76","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Mihai_Viteazu_39.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Caransebes, Mihai Viteazu 39\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/75\/Caransebes%2C_Mihai_Viteazu_39.jpg\/512px-Caransebes%2C_Mihai_Viteazu_39.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caransebes,_Mihai_Viteazu_39.jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Library","seolink":"library","note":"","history":"The library was built in the 19th century."},{"sightId":1788,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Episcopiei","mapdata":"1|500|800","gps_lat":"45.4127549351","gps_long":"22.2155328416","religion":0,"oldtype":"80","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Oguszt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_zoldfa_fogado_hatterben_a_reformatus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Karansebes volt zoldfa fogado hatterben a reformatus templom\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d5\/Karansebes_volt_zoldfa_fogado_hatterben_a_reformatus_templom.JPG\/512px-Karansebes_volt_zoldfa_fogado_hatterben_a_reformatus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_zoldfa_fogado_hatterben_a_reformatus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003EOguszt\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Green Tree Inn","seolink":"former-green-tree-inn","note":"","history":"Built in 1740, rebuilt in 1850."},{"sightId":1789,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul General Dragalina","mapdata":"1|414|754","gps_lat":"45.4131268800","gps_long":"22.2148340358","religion":0,"oldtype":"17","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Royal District Court","seolink":"former-royal-district-court","note":"","history":"It was built between 1905 and 1906."},{"sightId":1790,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul General Dragalina","mapdata":"1|366|658","gps_lat":"45.4136958763","gps_long":"22.2144719489","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/9988\/ferenc-jozsef-szobra","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Statue of Emperor Franz Joseph, Statue of General Dragalina","seolink":"former-statue-of-emperor-franz-joseph-statue-of-general-dragalina","note":"","history":"The statue was inaugurated on 7 October 1906. It was the work of Fadrusz J\u00e1nos and Rollinger G\u00e1l Rezs\u0151. The statue was removed after the Romanian occupation in 1919. Since 1943, a statue of General Dragalina has stood on the pedestal.@\nBorn in Kar\u00e1nsebes in 1860, General Ioan Dr\u0103g\u0103lina was a student at the Maria Theresia Military Academy in Vienna and served in the Imperial and Royal Army. He left the army in 1887 and moved to Romania, where he was promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1908 and commanded the infantry school in Bucharest until 1911. Already a general, he took part in the fightings at Orsova and along the Cserna river, which were part of the Transylvanian campaign that began at the end of August 1916. On 11 October 1916, he was appointed commander of the Romanian 1st Army, but the next day he was seriously wounded by a German counter attack near the front. He was transported to Bucharest, but during the amputation operation he suffered from septicaemia and died on 9 November."},{"sightId":1791,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|657|1033","gps_lat":"45.4113624405","gps_long":"22.2169057557","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/37947\/a-hazaert","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Pro Patria","seolink":"pro-patria","note":"","history":"It is a Pro Patria memorial to the mostly Vlach ethnic former students of the lyceum, who died in the First World War for their country. It was inaugurated in 1918, before the Romanian occupation, at the time of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. It was created by Horvay J\u00e1nos, a sculptor from Budapest. Hornay J\u00e1nos's full-length statue of Queen Elisabeth (Sissi), which was also erected in 1918 in Kar\u00e1nsebes, was destroyed shortly afterwards by the occupying Romanians.@\nRomania's first attempt to conquer Transylvania in 1916 failed shamefully, resulting in the occupation of Bucharest and the signing of a peace treaty. The second attempt, launched in 1918 after the Monarchy had already signed the armistice with the Entente Powers, was sorrowfully successful, as they only had to invade a defenseless country."},{"sightId":2480,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Constantin Popasu","mapdata":"1|799|251","gps_lat":"45.4160400709","gps_long":"22.2181347499","religion":3,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Oguszt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_evangelikus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Karansebes evangelikus templom\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Karansebes_evangelikus_templom.JPG\/256px-Karansebes_evangelikus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_evangelikus_templom.JPG\u0022\u003EOguszt\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Lutheran Church","seolink":"lutheran-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1902."},{"sightId":2481,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul General Dragalina","mapdata":"1|465|659","gps_lat":"45.4135665863","gps_long":"22.2152057309","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Oguszt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_varmegyehaza.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Karansebes volt varmegyehaza\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/Karansebes_volt_varmegyehaza.JPG\/512px-Karansebes_volt_varmegyehaza.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_varmegyehaza.JPG\u0022\u003EOguszt\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former County Hall","seolink":"former-county-hall","note":"","history":"Built in the 18th century, it was the former centre of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County, while Kar\u00e1nsebes was part of Hungary. It was rebuilt in 1909."},{"sightId":2482,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Str. gen. Moise Groza 2.","mapdata":"1|418|397","gps_lat":"45.4152164439","gps_long":"22.2148790920","religion":0,"oldtype":"20","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Oguszt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_altisztkepzo.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Karansebes volt altisztkepzo\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/81\/Karansebes_volt_altisztkepzo.JPG\/512px-Karansebes_volt_altisztkepzo.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karansebes_volt_altisztkepzo.JPG\u0022\u003EOguszt\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Non-Commissioned Officer Training School","seolink":"former-non-commissioned-officer-training-school","note":"","history":"It was built in 1868."},{"sightId":2483,"townId":69,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Libert\u0103\u021bii 10-12I","mapdata":"1|666|1165","gps_lat":"45.4106176649","gps_long":"22.2171214866","religion":0,"oldtype":"64","newtype":"64","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teacher cs, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Po%C8%99t%C4%83_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Po\u0219t\u0103 - municipiul Caransebe\u0219\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Po%C8%99t%C4%83_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\/512px-Po%C8%99t%C4%83_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Po%C8%99t%C4%83_-_municipiul_Caransebe%C8%99.jpg\u0022\u003ETeacher cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Post Office","seolink":"post-office","note":"","history":""}]},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}