Calvinist Church
Biserica Reformată
Calvinist Church
Biserica Reformată
Historical Hungarian county:
Szolnok-Doboka
GPS coordinates:
47.1429692389, 23.8736935232
History
The first 13th century parish church of the settlement, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, stood in the Old Castle. Its priest, named Peter, is mentioned in the papal tithe register of 1332.
In the 15th century, a parish church dedicated to King St Stephen was built outside the castle in the main square, proclaiming the independence of the town's burghers. The church was first mentioned by documents mention in 1453. The date, 1477, on the medieval bell, may indicate the year of the tower's completion. The old church was destroyed at the time of the Reformation, and in 1578 the town magistrate Fábius (Kovács) had a memorial tower built from its remains. The tower was blown up by Romanian nationalists in 1938.
In 1475, the parish priest Pál and the Prior Imre of the Order of St. Augustine concluded a treaty before the town judge Kondori János, which defined the municipal jurisdiction of the two institutions.
In 1530, King John I of Hungary granted the parish priest a licence to build a mill. From 1554 the church was used by the Lutherans. From 1558 it became Reformed (Calvinist), from 1568 Unitarian. In 1588 the church was repaired. In 1591 the town and the church burned down, so Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania forgave the town's three years' tax. In 1612, during the reign of Prince Báthory Gábor, the burghers of Dés enlarged the castle surrounding the church to protect the town. In the 17th century, under Prince Bethlen Gábor or Prince Rákóczi György I, the church was taken back by the Calvinists. Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania (1630-1648) had it renovated starting in 1634, and after the fire of 1642 he had a new ceiling made with Ács János. The works were completed in 1650. This ceiling was destroyed in the fires of 1697 and 1707.
In 1706, the church was sacked by the Austrian soldiers of General Tiege, who, through treachery, also seized the buried church treasures.
The new ceiling was made in 1726 with the support of Petki Nagy Zsigmond, and in 1720 he also supported the construction of the western choir. In 1765, the eastern and northern galleries were built with the support of Magyarfrátai Farkas János and his wife. The coffered ceiling of the nave was built in 1779. In the 1880s, the defensive walls surrounding the church were demolished and replaced by the historicised stone fence that can be seen today. Its tower is 72 m high, with four turrets, and it served as a model for the Vlach wooden churches of Máramaros.
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