Czeides House
Historical Hungarian county:
Brassó
GPS coordinates:
45.6426941125, 25.5894562124
History
The spacious 16th century patrician house burnt down in the 1689 fire and was rebuilt in the mid-18th century. The facade was restored to its present form in 1827. Originally known as Christoph House, it became the home of the Czeides family. In the 19th century, it was the home of Peter Carl Czeides (1809-1889), a Saxon merchant and member of the hundred fathers (representative body of Brassó), who co-founded the Kronstädter Allgemeine Sparkasse (General Savings Bank of Brassó) in 1835 and established the Czeides Foundation for the benefit of poor Saxon girls in 1889. From 21 to 24 March 1849 it was the headquarters of General Bem József's Hungarian revolutionary army. The Deutsche Kasino German literary circle was based here until 1944. General Bem's stay in Brassó is commemorated by two marble plaques on the walls of the house.
On 11 March 1849, General Bem's troops captured Nagyszeben and then marched towards Brassó. The Austrian troops stationed there and many Saxon and Vlach citizens fled across the Tömös Pass to Wallachia, the Vlach legion of Barcaság was disbanded and the Brassó town council declared its unconditional surrender.
Bem marched into Brassó on 20 March. In the evening hours, a delegation led by town judge Johann von Albrichsfeld arrived and begged Bem not to destroy the town and to show mercy to the inhabitants. Bem assured the delegation that he did not consider them enemies, that there would be no looting, and that they would not even have to pay tribute. The elderly town judge, however, did not understand the general's words and continued to plead for mercy, whereupon Bem became indignant that he was being treated as a robber.
On 21 March, Bem read from the balcony of the Czeides House the Brassó Proclamation: 'The Hungarian government wants to oppress no one. The people of Transylvania, wake up at once from the stupor into which you have been plunged by unscrupulous cunning. Let the blind return to their homes and their occupations. Hungarians, Saxons and Vlachs! Extend to one another the brotherly right, put away all national hatred, and you will be happy.
On 23 March, he received here Cezar Bolliac, one of the leaders of the failed 1848 revolution in Wallachia, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship.
General Bem József also visited Brassó in June 1849, this time staying at the Closius House.
In 1895, at the suggestion of Koós Ferenc, the chief inspector of education, a memorial plaque in German was placed on the Czeides House. It was removed by the Romanian nationalist Iron Guard in the late 1930s. In 2002 it was found in the collection of the Brassó County History Museum and, after obtaining the necessary permits, it was put back on the house on 15 March 2008.
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