exploreCARPATHIA
Attractions along the Carpathians
Transylvania / Romania

Berethalom Fortified Church

Berethalom Fortified Church
Hungarian:
Berethalom
German:
Birthälm
Romanian:
Biertan
Berethalom Fortified Church
Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Entrance:
Nationality:
Saxon
Denomination:
Lutheran
Settlement:
Berethalom, Birthälm, Biertan
Majority:
Romanian
Hungarians:
3.5%
Historical Hungarian county:
Nagy-Küküllő
Country:
Romania
County:
Sibiu
GPS coordinates:
46.1351846214, 24.5213195405
Google map:

History

1282
The church dedicated to the Virgin Mary was already standing, at that time its parish priest named János is mentioned in a document. From this church, built in the period of the House of Árpád, the western doorway with some fragments of wall paintings, part of the sanctuary foundations and two bells have been preserved.
Early 15th century
The late Gothic rebuilding of the church began at this time and was completed in 1524, as indicated by the coat of arms of King Ulászló II of Hungary and Szapolyai János, the vajda of Transylvania, above the gate. In 1402, Pope Boniface IX granted indulgence for those who contributed to the construction of the church.
1486
The church must have been fortified by this time, as King Matthias of Hungary exempted the citizens of Berethalom from going to war to guard the fortification. The church is surrounded by two stone walls: one surrounding the plateau, the other at the foot of the hill. In addition to this, a third wall was built on the west, south and east sides. The inner wall is reinforced by four towers and a bastion. In its present form it must have been built in the 15th century. It is assumed that it was built on the foundations of an older wall. The inner ring of walls contains: to the south-east of the church is the dungeon, a two-storey bastion with a gable roof. To the south of the church is the Catholic tower, with 15th century frescoes on the ground floor. The western tower is also the gate tower. The clock tower stands to the north of the church, and to the north-east stands the mausoleum tower, which contains the tombs of Lutheran bishops. Between the two latter towers rises a wooden bellfry. The upper part of the inner wall was demolished in the 19th century. Exiting the inner ring of walls through the gateway under the Clock Tower, one passes through the western gate tower to a carriage entrance between two walls, which one leaves by passing through the central ring of walls under the Bacon Tower, south-west of the church, to reach the outer courtyard. One can exit the outer courtyard through the southern gate tower on the outer wall south of the church.
12 September 1540
A Hungarian country assembly was held in Berethalom, at which the envoy of the Ottoman Empire, Sinan, appeared for the first time.
16th century
Most of the inhabitants of Berethalom became Lutheran, and a chapel was built for Catholics in one of the bastions.
1572
Lucas Unglerus, pastor of Berethalom, was elected bishop of the Transylvanian Lutheran Church. He did not move his seat to Nagyszeben, but remained in Berethalom. Berethalom was the seat of the Lutheran diocese until 1867, when it was moved to Nagyszeben.
17th century
Vlach shepherds and gypsies settled in Berethalom.
1704
The kuruc insurgents occupied Berethalom during the Hungarian War of Independence between 1703 and 1711. Four towers and some valuable interior furnishings were destroyed during the siege.
1913
The northeast tower of the fortification was converted into a bishop's mausoleum.
1938-1942
The fortified church was restored under the direction of Hermann Phleps.
Since 1991
The World Meeting of Transylvanian Saxons has been held here. The town now has hardly any Saxon inhabitants, and its Lutheran congregation has ceased to exist.
1999
The fortified church was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
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From this church, built in the period of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d, the western doorway with some fragments of wall paintings, part of the sanctuary foundations and two bells have been preserved.@Early 15th century|The late Gothic rebuilding of the church began at this time and was completed in 1524, as indicated by the coat of arms of King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II of Hungary and Szapolyai J\u00e1nos, the vajda of Transylvania, above the gate. In 1402, Pope Boniface IX granted indulgence for those who contributed to the construction of the church.@1486|The church must have been fortified by this time, as King Matthias of Hungary exempted the citizens of Berethalom from going to war to guard the fortification. The church is surrounded by two stone walls: one surrounding the plateau, the other at the foot of the hill. In addition to this, a third wall was built on the west, south and east sides. The inner wall is reinforced by four towers and a bastion. In its present form it must have been built in the 15th century. It is assumed that it was built on the foundations of an older wall. The inner ring of walls contains: to the south-east of the church is the dungeon, a two-storey bastion with a gable roof. To the south of the church is the Catholic tower, with 15th century frescoes on the ground floor. The western tower is also the gate tower. The clock tower stands to the north of the church, and to the north-east stands the mausoleum tower, which contains the tombs of Lutheran bishops. Between the two latter towers rises a wooden bellfry. The upper part of the inner wall was demolished in the 19th century. Exiting the inner ring of walls through the gateway under the Clock Tower, one passes through the western gate tower to a carriage entrance between two walls, which one leaves by passing through the central ring of walls under the Bacon Tower, south-west of the church, to reach the outer courtyard. One can exit the outer courtyard through the southern gate tower on the outer wall south of the church.@12 September 1540|A Hungarian country assembly was held in Berethalom, at which the envoy of the Ottoman Empire, Sinan, appeared for the first time.@16th century|Most of the inhabitants of Berethalom became Lutheran, and a chapel was built for Catholics in one of the bastions.@1572|Lucas Unglerus, pastor of Berethalom, was elected bishop of the Transylvanian Lutheran Church. He did not move his seat to Nagyszeben, but remained in Berethalom. Berethalom was the seat of the Lutheran diocese until 1867, when it was moved to Nagyszeben.@17th century|Vlach shepherds and gypsies settled in Berethalom.@1704|The kuruc insurgents occupied Berethalom during the Hungarian War of Independence between 1703 and 1711. Four towers and some valuable interior furnishings were destroyed during the siege.@1913|The northeast tower of the fortification was converted into a bishop's mausoleum.@1938-1942|The fortified church was restored under the direction of Hermann Phleps.@Since 1991|The World Meeting of Transylvanian Saxons has been held here. The town now has hardly any Saxon inhabitants, and its Lutheran congregation has ceased to exist.@1999|The fortified church was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.&studhist.blog.hu: Berethalom er\u0151dtemploma|https:\/\/studhist.blog.hu\/2019\/09\/27\/berethalom_erodtemploma"},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"1","settlement_HU":"Berethalom","settlement_LO":"Biertan","gps_lat":"46.1351846214","gps_long":"24.5213195405","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biertan_Biserica_fortificata.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biertan Biserica fortificata\u0022 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